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National Accounting Frameworks For Measuring Information And Knowledge Economies, David Thorns, Les Oxley Jul 2008

National Accounting Frameworks For Measuring Information And Knowledge Economies, David Thorns, Les Oxley

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The paper explores the problems and challenges posed by the growth of the information and knowledge economies for national accounting frameworks and measurements. The conventional approach has been to add to rather than reconstruct such indices. One of the consequences is the focus this leads to on “information technologies” and their prevalence and fails to fully appreciate the transformation that is required to enable “information” to be transformed into “new knowledge” and therefore create the “new economy. The paper argues for a recasting of the analysis of the new economy around an appreciation of the changing nature of physical capital …

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A Taxonomy Of Robustness In Sensor Service Networks, Kym S. Watson, Thomas Usländer Jul 2008

A Taxonomy Of Robustness In Sensor Service Networks, Kym S. Watson, Thomas Usländer

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We consider which aspects of a sensor service network are important in achieving robustness, i.e. the ability to adapt or react to changes and external influences. The sensor service network is viewed as a collection of functional domains ranging from the Sensor Domain up to the Application and User Domains. The characteristics of robustness relate not only to resilience to communication problems, but also to dynamic sensors and services and to the overall system architectural design.

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Two Interacting Environmental Interfaces: Bifurcation In Coupled Asymmetric Logistic Maps, Dragutin T. Mihailović Jul 2008

Two Interacting Environmental Interfaces: Bifurcation In Coupled Asymmetric Logistic Maps, Dragutin T. Mihailović

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The field of environmental sciences is abundant with various interfaces and it is the right place for application of new fundamental approaches leading towards better understanding of environmental phenomena. For example, following definition of environmental interface by Mihailovic and Balaž [2007], such interface can be placed between natural or artificially built surfaces and atmosphere. In this case, visible radiation provides almost all of the energy received on the environmental interface. Since all the energy transfer processes occurs in the finite time interval the energy balance equation for this environmental interface can be written in terms of finite differences of ground …

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Challenges Of Alpine Catchment Management Under Changing Climatic And Anthropogenic Pressures, Carmen De Jong, P. Masure, T. Barth Jul 2008

Challenges Of Alpine Catchment Management Under Changing Climatic And Anthropogenic Pressures, Carmen De Jong, P. Masure, T. Barth

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Water resources in mountain areas are particularly important with respect to new and increasing pressures in the headwater areas of catchments. Climate change has resulted in a decrease in precipitation and decrease in groundwater recharge in the western and southern Alps over the last few decades. This is coupled with changing anthropogenic pressures such as an increase in water abstraction for tourism and artificial snow in addition to the water demands of agriculture and hydroelectricity. Water consumption by tourism in winter is several times higher than that of the permanent population. To avoid the development of water shortages with relation …

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An Integrated Multimedia Model And Multicriteria Analysis Approach To Managing Sewage Sludge Application On Agricultural Soils: Framework And Methodology, Ana Passuello, Marta Schuhmacher, Vikas Kumar, M. Nadal, J. L. Domingo Jul 2008

An Integrated Multimedia Model And Multicriteria Analysis Approach To Managing Sewage Sludge Application On Agricultural Soils: Framework And Methodology, Ana Passuello, Marta Schuhmacher, Vikas Kumar, M. Nadal, J. L. Domingo

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Sludge application to agricultural soils is a managing practice of increasing use, because of its benefits to soil and crops. The Council Directive 86/278/CEE regulates concentrations of heavy metals for sludge application, but has no restrictions related to organic compounds contamination. The Decision Support System (DSS) presented here, integrates a multimedia risk model of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to human and ecosystem (P), a model concern to areas’ vulnerability to nitrogen (N), and also an economical model (E), to indicate the best decision management for sludge application on agricultural soils. The three dimensional representation of the model allows a simple …

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Participatory Process Management, J. Krywkow, M. Hare Jul 2008

Participatory Process Management, J. Krywkow, M. Hare

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Although the process of public and stakeholder participation continues to be intensivelyinvestigated and discussed in academic circles, the implementation of participatory methods inpractice remains problematic. This can be attributed to the lack of knowledge transfer on the onehand, and the general underestimation of participatory approaches in planning processes on theother.A possible solution - participatory processmanagement - is introduced in this article. Participatoryprocess management means that all participatory activities are embedded in the overall planningactivities of a project. The most significant criteria for a participatory process are identified as’objectives’, ’constraints’ and ’process’which together forma framework for combining generallyapplicablemethodswith local constraints and …

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Aspects Of The Application Of Decision And Information Support Tools In An Integrated Water Resources Management Practice, R. Hranova Jul 2008

Aspects Of The Application Of Decision And Information Support Tools In An Integrated Water Resources Management Practice, R. Hranova

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The paper presents some problems with the use of modelling, decision, andinformation support tools (MDISTs), for the implementation of integrated approaches towater resources management. The problems arise because in many cases currentmonitoring practices do not provide sufficient amount of reliable data for model calibrationand verification. The paper emphasises the need for a system analysis approach at all levelsof magnitude in a water system - considering all elements, subsystems and theirinteractions – and the integration of the MDISTs with the corresponding monitoringpractices, regulatory instruments and management activities in a closed-loop cycle. Finally,we discuss how MDISTs could be used in the particular …

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Improving Communication In Urban Planning Using Topic-Cohesie, Hedwig Van Delden, Pieter Valkering, P. Luja, M. Van De Lindt, V. Neevel Jul 2008

Improving Communication In Urban Planning Using Topic-Cohesie, Hedwig Van Delden, Pieter Valkering, P. Luja, M. Van De Lindt, V. Neevel

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Decision making in spatial planning often takes place in a complex and illdefined context. It includes a large number of actors, factors and –often uncertain– relations. Each of the actors or stakeholders has his or her individual perceptions, values and priorities. This paper presents the TOPIC system, which aims to support this process by interactively collecting and managing the information in a participatory stakeholder process. We focus on a specific version of TOPIC – named COHESIE – which includes functionality for qualitative, participatory modelling. By representing actor perspectives in an explicit and transparent way, the modelling process facilitates the discussion …

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Knowledge Workers And The Knowledge Economy, David Thorns, Hong Wang Jul 2008

Knowledge Workers And The Knowledge Economy, David Thorns, Hong Wang

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The paper examines the growth of a new group of workers – knowledge workersseen as critical for the growth of knowledge based economy. The emphasis in much of theliterature is upon formal codified knowledge. This focus does not adequately deal with tacitknowledge which is acquired in informal ways from experience and engagement withothers. Further when issues of measurement are considered it is around information ratherthan knowledge that most measures have been based. Currently there is no internationalagreement on the definition of the ICT sector. The paper reviews definitions adopted by theOECD to show that problem with spillovers from the ICT …

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Large-Scale Modelling Of P-Inputs From Point And Diffuse Sources In German River Basins, Björn Tetzlaff, Frank Wendland Jul 2008

Large-Scale Modelling Of P-Inputs From Point And Diffuse Sources In German River Basins, Björn Tetzlaff, Frank Wendland

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Mean annual P-inputs from diffuse and point sources in large river basins can be quantified with the MEPhos model. Its emission approach is described, which distinguishes between both eight different input pathways (municipal waste water treatment plants, industrial plants, combined sewer overflows, rainwater sewers, artificial drainage, erosion, wash-off, groundwater-borne runoff) and various types of critical source areas named phosphotopes.Then, the results of a model application to two large-scale river basins are presented and discussed. The river basins (ca. 12,500 km²) each show contrasting natural conditions, land use patterns as well as population and industry densities. Total P-emissions from each river …

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Ict Tools For Environmental And Human Risk Assessment, Ivan Holoubek, Jiří Hřebíček, Ladislav Dušek Jul 2008

Ict Tools For Environmental And Human Risk Assessment, Ivan Holoubek, Jiří Hřebíček, Ladislav Dušek

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental (Ecological) and Human Risk Assessment (EcoHRA) is a complex process of assessing the influence of human activities on ecosystem duality and vice versa. The endpoint of EcoHRA is a prospective or retrospective assessment of stress factors influence (chemical contaminants, anthropogenic interventions or natural disasters) on ecosystems and their parts. Monitoring and collecting of available information as the source data for EcoHRA is a key part of the process for the assessor. The availability and quality of input data determines the complexity and feasibility of the process. In the problem description phase it is possible to use the public available …

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Towards A Framework For The Development Of Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Joaquim Comas, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda, Manel Poch, Ulises Cortés Jul 2008

Towards A Framework For The Development Of Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Joaquim Comas, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda, Manel Poch, Ulises Cortés

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems (IEDSS) are present in the environmental management process at different levels such as hazard identification, risk assessment, risk evaluation and intervention decision-making, but there is neither a well defined methodology nor a framework for the development of IEDSSs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a study on several approaches found in the literature to set-up a methodology and a plausible architecture for the development of IEDSSs. Also a general outlook into the classical decision making theories is done to provide a general and well based architecture. Taking into account the review of proposals, …

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Development Of A Web Based Decision Support System For Trans-Boundary Environmental Risk Assessment And Management., K. Pediaditi, M. Stanojevic, M. Kouskouna, C. Karydas, D. Zianis, N. Boretos Jul 2008

Development Of A Web Based Decision Support System For Trans-Boundary Environmental Risk Assessment And Management., K. Pediaditi, M. Stanojevic, M. Kouskouna, C. Karydas, D. Zianis, N. Boretos

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A review of the legal requirements for environmental risk assessment indicates that despite the range of international and EU legislation and guidance proposing the need for risk assessment and management a common framework and procedure has yet to be established. This in turn has limited the implementation of environmental risk assessment and management mainly to fields where liability issues can arise such as in cases of contamination hazards etc. In order to enable the formalized and more systematic utilization of risk assessment and management procedures in environmental decision making processes the “Remotely Accessed Decision Support System for Transnational Environmental Risk …

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Simulating Earthquakes Effects: The Shakyground Simulation Tool, M. Cristaldi, U. Delprato, C. Lupo, S. Gresta Jul 2008

Simulating Earthquakes Effects: The Shakyground Simulation Tool, M. Cristaldi, U. Delprato, C. Lupo, S. Gresta

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In this paper we describe SHAKYGROUND, a software tool that has been designed with the aim of providing the user a friendly environment allowing the simulation of strong ground motion by means of synthetic simulation of acceleration seismograms and the estimation of seismic load in a given area.

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Geo-Communication For Risk Assessment And Catastrophe Prevention Of Flood Events In The Coastal Areas Of Chennai, S. Glaser, R. Glaser, A. Drescher, C. Pfeiffer, E. Schliermann-Kraus, M. Lechner, J. Vencatesan Jul 2008

Geo-Communication For Risk Assessment And Catastrophe Prevention Of Flood Events In The Coastal Areas Of Chennai, S. Glaser, R. Glaser, A. Drescher, C. Pfeiffer, E. Schliermann-Kraus, M. Lechner, J. Vencatesan

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Risk assessment of environmental stressors in the context of information and communication technologies is an emerging field of scientific research, for example to gain an understanding of how floods will develop. Geo-information technologies are accepted as powerful tools in crisis situations. To be successful in risk assessment and catastrophe prevention, it is essential to follow an interdisciplinary approach combining natural scientific, socio-economic and technical knowledge. At the same time it is important to combine top down (planning, official institutions) with bottom up views of the affected people. Interconnecting computational resources, human interdisciplinary expertise and local knowledge, following a top down …

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Environmental Management Information Systems – Illustrations From Online Communication And Sustainability Reporting, R. Isenmann Jul 2008

Environmental Management Information Systems – Illustrations From Online Communication And Sustainability Reporting, R. Isenmann

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental Management Information Systems (EMIS) are socio-technological sys-tems used as business applications to gather, process, and provide environmental information, in-side companies and in exchange with other actors in industry. They help to identify environmental impacts and support measures avoiding these impacts or reducing them. EMIS provide the neces-sary information support for decision making in companies. Hence, EMIS can be viewed as certain Information Systems (IS) usually implemented in companies as a part of their Environmental Man-agement Systems (EMS). In order to give a tangible example with practical implications, the de-velopments that EMIS have passed the last years are described along …

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Has The Ict Revolution Run Its Course?, Kenneth I. Carlaw, R. G. Lipsey, Ryan Webb Jul 2008

Has The Ict Revolution Run Its Course?, Kenneth I. Carlaw, R. G. Lipsey, Ryan Webb

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We assess the contention that the force of the ICT revolution was spent when the dotcom bubble burst. We identify the fundamental principle of flexible machine logic, the use of which distinguishes the group of modern ICTs ⎯ the electronic computer, the Internet and some related technologies ⎯ that make up the GPT of programmable computing networks (PCNs) and that have driven the ICT revolution. We seek to place PCN on two logistic trajectories that describe its evolving efficiency and applications. We argue that PCN still has significant scope for increasing its efficiency, that it is still creating an undiminished …

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Raising The Bar – Is Evaluating The Outcomes Of Decision And Information Support Tools A Bridge Too Far?, K. B. Matthews, M. Rivington, K. L. Blackstock, K. Buchan, D. G. Miller Jul 2008

Raising The Bar – Is Evaluating The Outcomes Of Decision And Information Support Tools A Bridge Too Far?, K. B. Matthews, M. Rivington, K. L. Blackstock, K. Buchan, D. G. Miller

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

This paper continues a series of reflections on the challenges of developing and deploying decision and information systems (DIST) for environmental management. Our focus is on the additional challenges being posed by funders to evaluate the outcomes (changes in the world beyond the research institute). This is a significant raising of the bar for DIST, particularly when many still struggle to overcome the simple hurdle of being used at all. The paper reflects on the challenge of evaluating outcomes, placing it in the context of conventional analysis of DIST performance (for example validation, software testing and utility assessment). Several particular …

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Current Trends In Eenvironment And Its Role In Edemocracy, Jiří Hřebíček, R. Legat, M. Nagy Jul 2008

Current Trends In Eenvironment And Its Role In Edemocracy, Jiří Hřebíček, R. Legat, M. Nagy

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The Ad hoc Committee on eDemocracy of the Council of Europe (CAHDE) was established and started its work at September 2006. Its second plenary meeting was held in Strasbourg on October 2007, where the White paper of eEnvironment (Electronic access to Environmental information) was presented. Its fundamental ideas were prepared during discussion on the workshop Seamless Access to Environmental Information in the EU - Building an Integrated Information Space for the Environment of the conference EnviroInfo 2007 in Warsaw. The eEnvironment basis is the Aarhus Convention, which is implemented in the European Community and supported by the EU Directives: 2003/4/EC …

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It's What We're Here For: Nurses Caring For Military Personnel During The Persian Gulf Wars, Patricia Rushton, Lynn Clark Callister, Jared E. Scott Jul 2008

It's What We're Here For: Nurses Caring For Military Personnel During The Persian Gulf Wars, Patricia Rushton, Lynn Clark Callister, Jared E. Scott

Faculty Publications

Military nursing service during wartime represents significant contributions to a unique type of health care. The purposes of this study were to: (1) generate themes that elucidate combat nursing experiences, (2) honor nurses who served by sharing their stories, and (3) permanently archive accounts of nursing personnel who served during the Persian Gulf Wars during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Eleven military nurses who provided health care to American troops in the Persian Gulf participated in a historical study as part of the ongoing Nurses at War oral history project documenting the experiences of nurses during times of …

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Development And Evaluation Of A Sub-Grid Combustion Model For A Landscape Scale 3-D Wildland Fire Simulator, Michael M. Clark Jul 2008

Development And Evaluation Of A Sub-Grid Combustion Model For A Landscape Scale 3-D Wildland Fire Simulator, Michael M. Clark

Theses and Dissertations

A mixture-fraction-based thermodynamic equilibrium approach for modeling gas-phase combustion was adapted and used in FIRETEC, a wildfire computational fluid dynamics model. The motivation behind this work was the desire to incorporate the features of complex chemistry calculations from the thermodynamic equilibrium model into FIRETEC without significantly increasing the computational burden of the program. In order to implement the mixture-fraction-based thermodynamic equilibrium approach, a sub-grid pocket model was developed to simulate the local mixture fraction of sub-grid flame sheets. Numerical simulations of wildfires were performed using FIRETEC with the new sub-grid, mixture-fraction-based pocket model to model gas-phase combustion. The thermodynamic equilibrium …

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Coming Of Age In Spite Of The Contrast Of Vagueness: Native Speaker And The House On Mango Street As Erziehungsroman, Melissa Lee Huff Jul 2008

Coming Of Age In Spite Of The Contrast Of Vagueness: Native Speaker And The House On Mango Street As Erziehungsroman, Melissa Lee Huff

Theses and Dissertations

Treating Sandra Cisneros' The House on Mango Street and Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker as Erziehungsroman—that is, stories whose coming-of-age process depends on the characters' education—reveals the similar process that both Esperanza Cordero and Henry Park experience as they navigate the 1960s and 1970s American school system. The most important obstacle in Esperanza's and Henry's ability to achieve academically is the contract of vagueness, the tacit agreement between federal education policy and English language learning (ELL) students to misunderstand one another. Differing cultural conceptions of education perpetuate this mutually detrimental relationship between education policy and ELL students, forcing Henry and Esperanza …

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Dialectic, Perspective, And Drama, Ethan Mckay Sproat Jun 2008

Dialectic, Perspective, And Drama, Ethan Mckay Sproat

Theses and Dissertations

This project is by and large a project of elucidation: it may add something to studies of Kenneth Burke, but I doubt it adds much to Kenneth Burke's studies. This thesis begins and ends with analyses of Burke's famous motto Ad Bellum Purificandum (or Toward the Purification of War). The Introduction focuses on "war" while the Conclusion focuses on "purification." In short, purified war is a dialectical activity which actively and perpetually pits divergent perspectives against each other. Such an activity keeps the conflictual nature of divergent perspectives in verbal and symbolic arenas rather than physical ones. Burke owes this …

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Fusion Of Character Tables And Schur Rings Of Dihedral Groups, Long Pham Bao Nguyen Jun 2008

Fusion Of Character Tables And Schur Rings Of Dihedral Groups, Long Pham Bao Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations

A finite group H is said to fuse to a finite group G if the class algebra of G is isomorphic to an S-ring over H which is a subalgebra of the class algebra of H. We will also say that G fuses from H. In this case, the classes and characters of H can fuse to give the character table of G. We investigate the case where H is the dihedral group. In many cases, G can be completely determined. In general, G can be proven to have many interesting properties. The theory is developed in terms of S-ring …

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Development Of A Particle Flow Test For Rotational Molding, Russell B. Whatcott Jun 2008

Development Of A Particle Flow Test For Rotational Molding, Russell B. Whatcott

Theses and Dissertations

One of the current testing method (the Dry Flow test) to qualify resin for use in production in the rotomolding process has been shown to have many flaws in both equipment and procedure. Research was done here to investigate a possible alternative that could eliminate some of these testing deficiencies. By reducing equipment and operator errors, the testing of materials becomes more valuable of an exercise. The Angular Flow test developed in this research can increase repeatability. By coming to understand the rotational molding process better, an evaluation that can give more valid information was devised.

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The Role Of Upstream Sequences In Selecting The Reading Frame On Tmrna, Allen R. Buskirk, Mickey R. Miller, David W. Healey, Jonathan D. Dewey, Stephen G. Robison Jun 2008

The Role Of Upstream Sequences In Selecting The Reading Frame On Tmrna, Allen R. Buskirk, Mickey R. Miller, David W. Healey, Jonathan D. Dewey, Stephen G. Robison

Faculty Publications

tmRNA acts first as a tRNA and then as an mRNA to rescue stalled ribosomes in eubacteria. Two unanswered questions about tmRNA function remain: how does tmRNA, lacking an anticodon, bypass the decoding machinery and enter the ribosome? Secondly, how does the ribosome choose the proper codon to resume translation on tmRNA? According to the -1 triplet hypothesis, the answer to both questions lies in the unique properties of the three nucleotides upstream of the first tmRNA codon. These nucleotides assume an A-form conformation that mimics the codon-anticodon interaction, leading to recognition by the decoding center and choice of the …

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Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus Idahoensis) Habitat Use, Activity Patterns And Conservation In Relationship To Habitat Treatments, Janet E. Lee Jun 2008

Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus Idahoensis) Habitat Use, Activity Patterns And Conservation In Relationship To Habitat Treatments, Janet E. Lee

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined activity patterns and habitat use of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in mechanically treated and untreated areas in south-central Utah 2005-2008. We monitored fecal pellet plots in continuous sagebrush habitat as well as along treatment edges to record deposition and leporid presence over timed periods. Pygmy rabbit use of big sagebrush was higher than black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) and mountain cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttallii ) (P< 0.01) relative to treated areas (P <0.01). We also compared pygmy rabbit use of areas with continuous sagebrush to residual sagebrush in a sample of mechanically treated areas. Our results suggest a treatment effect with higher (P <0.01) average counts of pygmy rabbit pellets in areas with continuous sagebrush compared to sagebrush strips and islands within treated areas. Before the big sagebrush biotype inhabited by pygmy rabbits is treated to reduce the occurrence and dominance of big sagebrush, we recommend managers consider two options. The first is no treatment, thus preserving, as is, the critical habitat of the pygmy rabbit and other sympatric big sagebrush obligate species of wildlife. The second option cautiously introduces the first prescription of habitat treatment ever recommended in relationship to the pygmy rabbit. This prescription includes recommended widths of the treated areas, seed mixes, widths of the preserved intact big sagebrush habitat for pygmy rabbits as well as suggested grazing systems for domestic livestock. Activity patterns of pygmy rabbits at their burrow were documented through the use of remote cameras. Photographs were analyzed for temporal and seasonal patterns of activity. Our results suggested that time of day was important in the activity level of pygmy rabbits while season was not. Pygmy rabbits were active during all time periods of the day but the greatest levels of activity occurred at night. Numerous other wildlife species were recorded by our remote cameras including other species of leporids, birds, rodents, reptiles and terrestrial predators.

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Reducing Seed Load In The Bittorrent File Sharing System, Brian T. Sanderson Jun 2008

Reducing Seed Load In The Bittorrent File Sharing System, Brian T. Sanderson

Theses and Dissertations

BitTorrent is an attractive peer-to-peer technology that attempts to reduce load on file sharers by allowing downloaders to share content between themselves. BitTorrent's current focus is to provide users with a fast download, which requires the file sharer to serve a disproportionate amount of the file. We present a modification to the BitTorrent seeding algorithm that reduces the load on BitTorrent file sharers. Essentially, if a block of a file is already available from a significant number of peers, the file sharer refuses to share that block, forcing peers to get it from each other. Using this modification, we show …

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The Study Of Superintendent Training And Its Effects On Homebuilding Cycle Time, John Wesley Burk Jun 2008

The Study Of Superintendent Training And Its Effects On Homebuilding Cycle Time, John Wesley Burk

Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted to determine how much time would be saved in the homebuilding cycle when field superintendents received training. The study took place during the 2007 calendar year with a production homebuilder in southern Nevada. New technologies and techniques were introduced during weekly training meetings that were held at both the corporate office and construction job sites. A scheduling tool was introduced along with new procedures and policies. The superintendents were required to report daily on the tasks that had been completed. This gave the superintendent and upper management the ability to follow the home throughout the building …

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Modeling Of Electronic And Ionic Transport Resistances Within Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes, David E. Stephenson Jun 2008

Modeling Of Electronic And Ionic Transport Resistances Within Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes, David E. Stephenson

Theses and Dissertations

In this work, a mathematical model is reported and validated, which describes the performance of porous electrodes under low and high rates of discharge. This porous battery model can be used to provide researchers a better physical understanding relative to prior models of how cell morphology and materials affect performance due to improved accounting of how effective resistance change with morphology and materials. The increased understanding of cell resistances will enable improved design of cells for high-power applications, such as hybrid and plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles. It was found electronic and liquid-phase ionic transport resistances are strongly coupled to particle conductivity, …

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