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“Someone In Their Corner”: Parental Support In Online Secondary Education, Courtney N. Hanny, Charles R. Graham, Richard E. West, Jered Borup Jan 2023

“Someone In Their Corner”: Parental Support In Online Secondary Education, Courtney N. Hanny, Charles R. Graham, Richard E. West, Jered Borup

Faculty Publications

Despite increased interest in K–12 online education, student engagement deficits and the resulting student attrition remain widespread issues. The Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) framework theorizes that two groups support online student engagement: the personal community of support and the course community of support. However, more evidence is needed to understand how members of these communities, especially parents, support students in various contexts. Using insights gleaned from 14 semi-structured interviews of parents with students enrolled in online secondary school, this study adds support to the roles identified in the ACE framework by presenting real examples of parents supporting their online …

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A Coupled Source Panel, Actuator Line, And Viscous Vortex Particle Method In An O(N) Scheme, Ryan Anderson, Andrew Ning Jan 2023

A Coupled Source Panel, Actuator Line, And Viscous Vortex Particle Method In An O(N) Scheme, Ryan Anderson, Andrew Ning

Faculty Publications

Wake interactions play a significant role in aerodynamics. However, common modeling approaches are either expensive or lack fidelity, making them unreliable or difficult to use in the design process. The vortex particle method can capture the relevant physics effectively, but imposing boundary conditions with solid surfaces in a computationally efficient way is challenging. We explore two possible methods of imposing solid surface boundary conditions of vortex particle simulations. The first, a novel variation on a pure particle approach, is easy to implement but is moderately expensive, and suffers from some numerical instability. The second, source panels accelerated with a fast …

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Auditing With Data And Analytics: External Reviewers’ Judgments Of Audit Quality And Effort, Scott A. Emett, Steven E. Kaplan, Elaine G. Mauldin, Jeffrey Pickerd Jan 2023

Auditing With Data And Analytics: External Reviewers’ Judgments Of Audit Quality And Effort, Scott A. Emett, Steven E. Kaplan, Elaine G. Mauldin, Jeffrey Pickerd

Faculty Publications

Audit firms hesitate to take full advantage of data and analytics (D&A) audit approaches because they lack certainty about how external reviewers evaluate those approaches. We propose that external reviewers use an effort heuristic when evaluating audit quality, judging less effortful audit procedures as lower quality, which could shape how external reviewers evaluate D&A audit procedures. We conduct two experiments in which experienced external reviewers evaluate one set of audit procedures (D&A or traditional) within an engagement review, while holding constant the procedures’ level of assurance. Our first experiment provides evidence that external reviewers rely on an effort heuristic when …

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The Unexpected Effectiveness Of Strategically Sparse Cooperation, Neal D. Munson Dec 2022

The Unexpected Effectiveness Of Strategically Sparse Cooperation, Neal D. Munson

Theses and Dissertations

In this work, we will show a result derived from a class of economically inspired multi-agent differential games. The result shows that in the class of games we present, only a sparse cooperation structure is needed by the agents to achieve an outcome that is in a particular sense "optimal". One may expect that to achieve such an outcome, a centralized control or full cooperation would be necessary; it is not. Not only is it not necessary - it is never necessary. We precisely characterize what kind of cooperation IS necessary to attain that kind of optimality. Only the sparsest …

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Short-Range Magnetic Correlations, Spontaneous Magnetovolume Effect, And Local Distortion In Magnetic Semiconductor Mnte, Raju Baral Dec 2022

Short-Range Magnetic Correlations, Spontaneous Magnetovolume Effect, And Local Distortion In Magnetic Semiconductor Mnte, Raju Baral

Theses and Dissertations

The antiferromagnetic semiconductor MnTe has recently attracted significant interest as a potential high-performance thermoelectric material. Its promising thermoelectric properties are due in large part to short-range magnetic correlations in the paramagnetic state, which enhance the thermopower through the paramagnon drag effect. Using magnetic pair distribution function (mPDF) analysis of neutron total scattering data, we present a detailed, real-space picture of the short-range magnetic correlation in MnTe, offering a deeper view into the paramagnon drag effect and the nature of the correlated paramagnetic state. We confirm the presence of nanometer-scale antiferromagnetic correlations far into the paramagnetic state, show the evolution of …

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Quantifying Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations During The Pretreatment And Anaerobic Digestion Process, Sascha Boutelle Dec 2022

Quantifying Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations During The Pretreatment And Anaerobic Digestion Process, Sascha Boutelle

Theses and Dissertations

Producing renewable energy from biomass or from the wastewater treatment process has gained momentum in the past 20 years. Anaerobic digestion has historically been used as one step in the waste treatment process, to both reduce the mass of waste that needs to be disposed of and to generate biogas. This process is typically only able to reduce 30-40% of the waste mass because of the recalcitrant nature of the waste streams being treated. Anaerobic pretreatment with the thermophilic bacteria Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (C. bescii) has been proven to increase the percentage of mass digested and consequently increase methane production to …

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Effect Of X-Ray Illumination On Magnetic Domain Memory In [Co/Pd]/Irmn Multilayers, Colby Singint Walker Dec 2022

Effect Of X-Ray Illumination On Magnetic Domain Memory In [Co/Pd]/Irmn Multilayers, Colby Singint Walker

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis focuses on investigating the possible x-ray illumination effects on the magnetic domain memory (MDM) in magnetic [Co/Pd]IrMn multilayers. In this material, MDM is induced via exchange couplings between the ferromagnetic Co/Pd layer and the antiferromagnetic IrMn layer. To carry out this investigation, we have used magneto-transport and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. The use of magneto-transport in-situ at synchrotron x-ray scattering facility has allowed us to follow the gradual effect of x-ray illumination on the amount of exchange bias, initially present after field cooling the material. With our in-situ measurements we have been able to see that x-ray illumination …

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Analyzing Patterns Of Complexity In Pre-University L2 English Writing, Zachary M. Lambert Dec 2022

Analyzing Patterns Of Complexity In Pre-University L2 English Writing, Zachary M. Lambert

Theses and Dissertations

The present study involves the creation and analysis of a corpus containing 7747 samples of timed, pre-matriculated L2 English writing from an IEP. The focus of the analysis is on three phrasal complexity measures with time and proficiency as fixed effects, examining their impact on each measure. Results of the analysis suggest that this is true for some phrasal measures, such as nominalizations and attributive adjectives, while others, such as noun-noun phrases, may indicate a lower level of proficiency or lesser allotted writing time. Nominalizations in particular demonstrated a strong relationship with both allotted time and proficiency, further suggesting that …

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A Usability Study Of Fido2 Hardware Tokens On Mobile Devices, Stephen Lambert Dec 2022

A Usability Study Of Fido2 Hardware Tokens On Mobile Devices, Stephen Lambert

Theses and Dissertations

Passwords as the primary form of authentication on the web have many issues, such as password re-use across sites and difficulty in remembering secure passwords. The FIDO Alliance has created a passwordless system that has with support from companies like Google, Apple, and Microsoft: FIDO2. Studies have shown so far that users find FIDO2 usable on personal computers, but no work has been published on its usability on mobile devices. I conducted a lab study in which participants used FIDO2 passwordless authentication with hardware tokens on a mobile phone. Participants found FIDO2 usable on mobile devices, but had similar fears …

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Computational Tools For Modeling And Simulation Of Sooting Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames, Victoria B. Stephens Dec 2022

Computational Tools For Modeling And Simulation Of Sooting Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames, Victoria B. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations

Turbulent combustion systems are physically complex processes that involve many interdependent phenomena---including turbulent fluid dynamics, multi-component mass transfer, convective and radiative heat transfer, and multiphase flow---that occur over a wide range of length and time scales. Modeling and simulation studies complement experimental work by implementing and validating models and providing predictive capabilities, but current software tools are often limited by a lack of standardization and best practices, non-robust implementation, or over-specialization. Some topics in combustion CFD research, notably radiative heat transfer and soot modeling, are critically underrepresented in simulation studies as a result of software limitations. This project establishes and …

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Assessing The Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Elementary Teacher Educators On The Inclusion Of Computational Thinking Through Coding, Megan Christine Swanson Dec 2022

Assessing The Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Elementary Teacher Educators On The Inclusion Of Computational Thinking Through Coding, Megan Christine Swanson

Theses and Dissertations

This study sought to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of teacher educators regarding Computational Thinking (CT) and coding. All elementary teacher educators in the state of Utah were sent a survey and asked to participate in a follow up interview. Twentynine faculty replied. Five of the 29 survey respondents were interviewed. Teacher educators shared their definitions of CT and coding, which primarily dealt with problem solving and computer programming, respectively. Overall attitudes were positive about incorporating CT and coding, but many participants questioned how it would fit into the already overwhelming nature of the elementary education major. However, those …

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Computational Studies Of Dinuclear Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms, James Curtis Coombs Iii Dec 2022

Computational Studies Of Dinuclear Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms, James Curtis Coombs Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Heterodinuclear and homodinuclear metal complexes with a direct metal-metal interaction offer the potential for unique catalysis due to cooperativity effects that impact reaction mechanisms, reactivity, and selectivity. Quantum-chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations can directly examine the origin of dinuclear reactivity and selectivity effects. Chapter 1 provides a short overview of heterodinuclear and homodinuclear catalysts that have been experimentally and computationally examined. Chapter 2 reports our study using DFT methods to understand the mechanism and reactivity of a heterodinuclear Co-Zr catalyst with phosphinoamide ligands that catalyzes a Kumada coupling between alkyl halides and alkyl Grignards. Chapter 3 reports DFT calculations …

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Wildfire Modeling With Data Assimilation, Andrew Johnston Dec 2022

Wildfire Modeling With Data Assimilation, Andrew Johnston

Theses and Dissertations

Wildfire modeling is a complex, computationally costly endeavor, but with droughts worsening and fires burning across the western United States, obtaining accurate wildfire predictions is more important than ever. In this paper, we present a novel approach to wildfire modeling using data assimiliation. We model wildfire spread with a modification of the partial differential equation model described by Mandel et al. in their 2008 paper. Specifically, we replace some constant parameter values with geospatial functions of fuel type. We combine deep learning and remote sensing to obtain real-time data for the model and employ the Nelder-Mead method to recover optimal …

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Advanced Isogeometric Discretization Techniques, Kyle Dennis Richardson Dec 2022

Advanced Isogeometric Discretization Techniques, Kyle Dennis Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I provide a robust, efficient inverse mapping algorithm for use in immersed simulation methods, specifically in the Flex Representation Method. I also explore a structural theory that unifies the theories of solids, shells, beams, and rigid bodies. As part of this, I preform a preliminary exploration of applying the Flex Representation Method to shells. Finally, I explore why higher order elements suffer from small critical time steps in explicit dynamics. I then propose a simple method of remedying this issue by exploiting the properties of U-splines.

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Determining Figure Skating Jump Under-Rotation In Real-Time Using Imu Sensors During Practice, Duncan O. Furgeson Dec 2022

Determining Figure Skating Jump Under-Rotation In Real-Time Using Imu Sensors During Practice, Duncan O. Furgeson

Theses and Dissertations

We explore the use of machine learning to detect under-rotation in figure skating jumps. Under- rotation in jumps is difficult for the skater to sense but learning to recognize under-rotation is an impor- tant part of learning proper jump technique. To address this difficulty, we present the Under-rotation Monitor, or UR Monitor, a system for detecting under-rotated figure skating jumps in real-time. UR Monitor uses a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the skater's waist that sends a stream of accelerometer and gyroscope data to a mobile phone via Bluetooth. The mobile phone creates and sends an input vector …

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Temporal Fluency In L2 Self-Assessments: A Cross-Linguistic Study Of Spanish, Portuguese, And French, Mandy Case Dec 2022

Temporal Fluency In L2 Self-Assessments: A Cross-Linguistic Study Of Spanish, Portuguese, And French, Mandy Case

Theses and Dissertations

The present study explores the relationship between temporal fluency and second language (L2) learners' self-assessed and externally assessed proficiency level across the target languages French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Temporal fluency is operationalized as articulation rate (the speed of speech), the mean length of utterance, and the silent pause frequency. Participants (n = 283) in this study are native English speakers enrolled in upper-division language courses at Brigham Young University (BYU). Each participant completed both a self-assessment (the Language Ability Self-Evaluation Resource or LASER) as well as the Computerized Oral Proficiency Interview (OPIc) to receive an external proficiency assessment. Temporal fluency …

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Parametric Structural Optimization Of A Wheel Using The Flex Representation Method, Gregory John Vernon Dec 2022

Parametric Structural Optimization Of A Wheel Using The Flex Representation Method, Gregory John Vernon

Theses and Dissertations

The use of the finite element method within an optimization workflow is fraught with challenges that limit the automation of such workflows. These challenges are inherent to the traditional finite element formulations which are heavily dependent on a manual meshing process that introduces variability that is challenging to account for within an automated workflow. The recently developed flex representation method (FRM) provides a salient solution to the manual meshing process without sacrificing solution accuracy. In response to the development of FRM a global automotive company requested a study to explore the applicability of FRM to one of their sizing-optimization problems: …

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The Flex Representation Method: Versatile Modeling For Isogeometric Analysis, Christopher David Whetten Dec 2022

The Flex Representation Method: Versatile Modeling For Isogeometric Analysis, Christopher David Whetten

Theses and Dissertations

The Flex Representation Method (FRM) leverages unique computational advantages of splines to address limitations in the process of building CAE simulation models from CAD geometric models. Central to the approach is the envelope CAD domain that encapsulates a CAD model. An envelope CAD domain can be of arbitrary topological and geometric complexity. Envelope domains are constructed from spline representations, like U-splines, that are analysis-suitable. The envelope CAD domain can be used to approximate none, some, or all of the features in a CAD model. This yields additional simulation modeling options that simplify the model-building process while leveraging the properties of …

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Complete Equitable Decompositions, Joseph Paul Drapeau Dec 2022

Complete Equitable Decompositions, Joseph Paul Drapeau

Theses and Dissertations

A well-known result in spectral graph theory states that if a graph has an equitable partition then the eigenvalues of the associated divisor graph are a subset of the graph's eigenvalues. A natural question question is whether it is possible to recover the remaining eigenvalues of the graph. Here we show that if a graph has a Hermitian adjacency matrix then the spectrum of the graph can be decomposed into a collection of smaller graphs whose eigenvalues are collectively the remaining eigenvalues of the graph. This we refer to as a complete equitable decomposition of the graph.

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Developing A Quantitative Understanding Of U-Substitution In First-Semester Calculus, Leilani Camille Heaton Fonbuena Dec 2022

Developing A Quantitative Understanding Of U-Substitution In First-Semester Calculus, Leilani Camille Heaton Fonbuena

Theses and Dissertations

In much of calculus teaching there is an overemphasis on procedures and manipulation of symbols and insufficient emphasis on conceptual understanding of calculus topics. As such students to struggle to understand and use calculus ideas in applied settings. Research shows that learning calculus topics from a quantitative reasoning-perspective results in more powerful and flexible conceptions of calculus topics like integration. However, topics beyond introducing integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, like u-substitution, have yet to be explored from a quantity-based perspective. In this study, I conducted a set of two clinical interviews where we discussed quantitative meanings of integrals, …

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Teacher Perceptions Of Grades And Grading In A Pandemic, Michael V. Anderson Dec 2022

Teacher Perceptions Of Grades And Grading In A Pandemic, Michael V. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

A grade serves as the primary means of reporting feedback to teachers, students, and parents about the student's level of learning (Heflebower et al., 2014). Many schools have attempted to have teachers adopt standards-based grading, yet school leaders do not know teachers' perceptions about grades and grading. This quantitative study examines the perceptions of 1271 secondary teachers in one school district regarding grades and grading and how they may have changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected from a survey reveals how changes in teacher perceptions about grades and grading may yield an opportunity for further standards-based …

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A Machine Learning Approach For Identification Of Low-Head Dams, Salvador Augusto Vinay Mollinedo Dec 2022

A Machine Learning Approach For Identification Of Low-Head Dams, Salvador Augusto Vinay Mollinedo

Theses and Dissertations

Identifying Low-head dams (LHD) and creating an inventory become a priority as fatalities continue to occur at these structures. Because obstruction inventories do not specifically identify LHDs, and they are not assigned a hazard classification, there is not an official inventory of LHD. However, there is a multi-agency taskforce that is creating an inventory of LHD. All efforts have been performed by manually identifying LHD on Google Earth Pro (GE Pro). The purpose of this paper is to assess whether a machine learning approach can accelerate the national inventory. We used a machine learning approach to implement a high-resolution remote …

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High School Dropouts, Higher Education Dreams, And Achievement: A Six-Year Study Of A High-Stakes Test In Brazil, Eveline Miranda Dec 2022

High School Dropouts, Higher Education Dreams, And Achievement: A Six-Year Study Of A High-Stakes Test In Brazil, Eveline Miranda

Theses and Dissertations

Rumberger (2020) observed that "dropping out of school has economic and social consequences both for dropouts themselves and for the country as a whole" (p. 151). Every year, many Brazilians drop out of school due to work, early pregnancies, marriage, drug consumption, crime, etc. Dropping out of school can occur due to learning challenges, poor attendance, discipline problems, or a lack of access to high school institutions. Dropouts can experience depression and anxiety and are more likely to attempt suicide. The present dissertation includes two different papers about dropouts. The first paper uses fixed effect regression to show the main …

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Structural Reasoning With Rational Expressions, Dana Steinhorst Dec 2022

Structural Reasoning With Rational Expressions, Dana Steinhorst

Theses and Dissertations

Many students struggle to make sense of algebraic expressions in math. This lack of understanding results in students making symbolic manipulation errors, hindering their procedural fluency. Researchers believe these errors are linked to students' lack of structural reasoning. While research has shown that students rarely engage in expert structural reasoning, little is known about how students actually reason structurally. In this study, I interviewed six high school calculus students to study the way they identified, matched, and evaluated structures as they solved problems involving rational expressions and equations. I analyzed the participant interviews and outlined the matching process they used …

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Determination Of A Catalytic Mechanism By Time Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy And Time Domain Analysis Of Data From Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Jacob T. Davis Dec 2022

Determination Of A Catalytic Mechanism By Time Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy And Time Domain Analysis Of Data From Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Jacob T. Davis

Theses and Dissertations

Heterobimetallic catalysts offer large potential for efficient and selective catalysis of a wide range of reactions. Better understanding of these catalytic mechanisms could yield further improvement in their catalytic abilities. Cp(CO)2Fe-Cu(IPr) (IPr = N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) is a catalyst that has been reported to catalyze arene borylation. The catalytic mechanism of this catalyst that had been previously proposed had the initial step being a metal-metal cleavage. However, computational modeling suggested an alternate mechanism that could be more energetically favorable. Rather than a metal-metal cleavage as the initial step, we proposed a photoactivated carbonyl dissociation. To support this proposition, we performed time resolved …

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Zeros Of A Family Of Complex-Valued Harmonic Rational Functions, Alexander Lee Dec 2022

Zeros Of A Family Of Complex-Valued Harmonic Rational Functions, Alexander Lee

Theses and Dissertations

The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra is a useful tool in determining the number of zeros of complex-valued polynomials and rational functions. It does not, however, apply to complex-valued harmonic polynomials and rational functions generally. In this thesis, we determine behaviors of the family of complex-valued harmonic functions $f_{c}(z) = z^{n} + \frac{c}{\overline{z}^{k}} - 1$ that defy intuition for analytic polynomials. We first determine the sum of the orders of zeros by using the harmonic analogue of Rouch\'e's Theorem. We then determine useful geometry of the critical curve and its image in order to count winding numbers by applying the harmonic …

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Single-Shot, Ultrafast, Multi-Frame X-Ray Imaging Of Defect-Bearing Ablator Materials In Extreme Conditions, Daniel S. Hodge Dec 2022

Single-Shot, Ultrafast, Multi-Frame X-Ray Imaging Of Defect-Bearing Ablator Materials In Extreme Conditions, Daniel S. Hodge

Theses and Dissertations

Characterization of the dynamic behavior of defect-bearing ablator materials subjected to extreme conditions is essential in advancing fusion energy as an reliable and abundant energy source. By understanding how materials evolve spatially and temporally we can minimize hydrodynamic instabilities, which are major contributing factors to energy yield degradation in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. In this thesis we demonstrate the capabilities of an ultrafast x-ray imaging (UXI) detector, the Icarus V2, where we capture multiple frames of single void-bearing sample compressed by a high-intensity laser shockwave. Using the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source …

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Delivering Explicit Math Instruction Through Point-Of-View Video Modeling To Elementary Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Patsy Mccray Gibbs Dec 2022

Delivering Explicit Math Instruction Through Point-Of-View Video Modeling To Elementary Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Patsy Mccray Gibbs

Theses and Dissertations

There is significant literature demonstrating the effectiveness of video modeling for teaching skills to students with disabilities. Still, much less is known about how video modeling, particularly point-of-view video modeling (POV-VM), might be applied to teach academic skills to children with an autism spectrum disorder. This multiple probe single-case design study used explicit instruction techniques to teach multiplication, division, and fraction skills to two elementary-aged students with an autism spectrum disorder. A visual analysis of the data showed that POV-VM using explicit techniques to deliver the videos is an effective intervention for autistic students This research study adds to the …

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Decision-Based Learning As A Tool For Teaching Statistics In A Peruvian University, Gloria Mora Barba Dec 2022

Decision-Based Learning As A Tool For Teaching Statistics In A Peruvian University, Gloria Mora Barba

Theses and Dissertations

Many students find that learning statistics is difficult, especially novice learners first taking statistical classes. Instructors also struggle to teach statistics due to many challenges, such as students' misconceptions, lack of math skills, negative attitudes, and deficient instructional methods. A new pedagogical approach called Decision-Based Learning (DBL) has been developed to help instructors and students overcome these challenges. A group of Peruvian university professors in 2018 and 2019 were trained to use DBL. However, limited studies have explored DBL instructors' and students' experiences using DBL in Peru. The aim of this qualitative research study is to deeply understand the experiences …

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Identity Work To Teach Mathematics For Social Justice, Navy B. Dixon Dec 2022

Identity Work To Teach Mathematics For Social Justice, Navy B. Dixon

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, mathematics educators are conceptualized as individuals with multiple, simultaneous figured worlds that inform their decisions while planning. The study explores how two mathematics educators negotiated and orchestrated their figured worlds to plan two mathematics lessons for social justice. The results highlight how numerous the figured worlds each participant surfaced through background interviews. Some of the figured worlds were elicited by the interview questions (i.e., Race, Family, Social Justice Teaching) but other figured worlds organically surfaced through the interviews (i.e., Sexuality, Community, Activism, Critical Information Consumption). A discursive analysis of a selection of these figured worlds revealed conceptualizations …

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