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Mathematical Identities Of Students With Mathematics Learning Dis/Abilities, Emma Lynn Holdaway Jun 2020

Mathematical Identities Of Students With Mathematics Learning Dis/Abilities, Emma Lynn Holdaway

Theses and Dissertations

The majority of research on the mathematics teaching and learning of students with mathematics learning dis/abilities is not performed in the field of mathematics education, but in the field of special education. Due to this theoretical divide, students with mathematics learning dis/abilities are far more likely to be in classes that emphasize memorization, direct instruction, and the explicit teaching of rules and procedures. Additionally, students with mathematics learning dis/abilities are often seen as "unable" to succeed in school mathematics and are characterized by their academic difficulties and deficits. The negative assumptions, beliefs, and expectations resulting from ableistic practices in the …

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Low-Cost Diagnostics: Using Paper As A Material And Pens As An Instrument, Annie Armitstead Jun 2020

Low-Cost Diagnostics: Using Paper As A Material And Pens As An Instrument, Annie Armitstead

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) are equipment-free tests that produce results quickly using small sample volumes. Colored lines appear as the test runs, indicating the presence of a biomarker. LFIs are ideal in a variety of settings. Development of these assays can be complicated for small team operations, and tests are not sufficiently adaptable for low resource settings. If robust point-of-care tests can be developed on site, they can expand the reach of global diagnostics, improving health around the world. We report a simple empowering LFI (seLFI) that only requires treated printer paper and a plastic backing card. This eliminates the …

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The Effect Of Ethnic Identity On Motivation To Bephysically Active In Schools In Hawai’I, Nathan A. K. Kahaiali'i Jun 2020

The Effect Of Ethnic Identity On Motivation To Bephysically Active In Schools In Hawai’I, Nathan A. K. Kahaiali'i

Theses and Dissertations

This cross-sectional study examines if there is a relationship between student ethnic identity and their motivation towards physical activity (PA), with a particular interest with students who self-identify as Hawaiian. Results indicate that there is a small but positive correlation between motivational indices and measures of ethnic identity. This study surveyed 301 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students from one of the Hawaiian Islands. The survey consisted of the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (SIMS) instrument (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) to measure motivation of PA and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised (MEIM-R) instrument (Phinney & Ong, 2007) to measure ethnic …

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Imath - Using Video Modeling Via Ipads To Teach Mathematics Skills To Struggling Students, Melissa Steinberg Jun 2020

Imath - Using Video Modeling Via Ipads To Teach Mathematics Skills To Struggling Students, Melissa Steinberg

Theses and Dissertations

There is a growing body of research that suggests that video-based interventions, such as video modeling and video prompting, are effective tools for teaching academic skills to students with disabilities. This study used a single subject, multiple-baseline-across-subjects design to evaluate whether a video-prompting intervention could effectively assist second grade students who had been identified by their teachers as "struggling"in mathematics to better solve multiplication story problems. Five second grade students (one female and four males) ages 7 to 8 viewed the intervention videos on an iPad that modeled how to solve multiplication word problems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the …

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If You Had Thirty Seconds, Sophie Wartena, David Wartena Jun 2020

If You Had Thirty Seconds, Sophie Wartena, David Wartena

Final Projects

This paper looks at personal identity through lens of material folklore.

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Masculinity In The Johnson Family, Marissa Johnson Jun 2020

Masculinity In The Johnson Family, Marissa Johnson

Final Projects

This paper examines the folklore of masculinity among male members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. It specifically examines how such folklore highlights the man's role within the family.

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Using Group Affinity To Predict Community Formation In Social Networks, Joseph Leung Jun 2020

Using Group Affinity To Predict Community Formation In Social Networks, Joseph Leung

Undergraduate Honors Theses

A well-studied topic in network theory is detecting the communities found in real-world networks. Community detection is a technique to better understand the way in which small dense substructures appear in these networks. Such substructures can often tell important information about groups that form in such systems. A prominent feature of many networks is that they evolve over time, forming and dissolving new edges between different nodes that appear. In this thesis, we consider how we can use the community structure of a network at a certain point in time to predict the state of a network’s communities at some …

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Post-Birth Marriage, White-Hispanic Families, And Child Academic Achievement, Sadie Andrews Slighting Jun 2020

Post-Birth Marriage, White-Hispanic Families, And Child Academic Achievement, Sadie Andrews Slighting

Theses and Dissertations

Over the past decade, policymakers have promoted marriage as a pathway to improve child outcomes in single-parent households. However, previous research on single mothers who later married in the United States has failed to examine how the structural advantages and disadvantages of race influence post-birth marriages and the advantage they may confer. I investigate how white advantage—the human- and social-capital benefits that come from being a white individual—acts as a resource distributed differently across three couple configurations. I predict that having access to white advantage via a white parent will improve child academic achievement. Using the US Early Childhood Longitudinal …

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Baby On The Way, Sex Gone Away? A Dyadic Investigation Of Sexual Satisfaction In Pregnancy, David Brent Allsop Jun 2020

Baby On The Way, Sex Gone Away? A Dyadic Investigation Of Sexual Satisfaction In Pregnancy, David Brent Allsop

Theses and Dissertations

Research indicates that having high sexual satisfaction during pregnancy is difficult for couples. This negative trend is important considering that low sexual satisfaction can negatively affect both relationship satisfaction, psychological health, and child outcomes. However, there is evidence that this trend does not apply to all and different groups of couples exist in terms of their sexual satisfaction in pregnancy. Guided by family systems theory and the biopsychosocial model, the current study explored if different subsets of couples, composed of pregnant wives and husbands, exist in terms of their sexual satisfaction during pregnancy and what factors distinguish potential subsets. Using …

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The Development And Preliminary Evidence Of Validity And Reliability Of A Spanish Static And Dynamic Assessment Of Decoding, Kayla Brooke Ditty Jun 2020

The Development And Preliminary Evidence Of Validity And Reliability Of A Spanish Static And Dynamic Assessment Of Decoding, Kayla Brooke Ditty

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to develop and administer a Spanish static and dynamic assessment of decoding and other important reading measures. Using the best available resources regarding Spanish literacy acquisition and Spanish language development, a preliminary Spanish dynamic and static screener was developed. The resulting test was named the Spanish Dynamic Decoding Measure (S-DDM) and is a counterpart to the original DDM available in English. This test contains three subtests: decoding, phonemic awareness, and word identification. The S-DDM was administered to eight bilingual Spanish-English speaking students with varying levels of Spanish language ability and reading proficiency in …

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Developmental Predictors Of Adolescent Alcohol Intake: A Nonhuman Primate Model, Elizabeth Katherine Wood Jun 2020

Developmental Predictors Of Adolescent Alcohol Intake: A Nonhuman Primate Model, Elizabeth Katherine Wood

Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol abuse is one of the costliest human health problems in the United States. Studies assessing the etiology of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in adulthood suggest that these disorders are predicted by trait-like differences, such as low or impaired central serotonin or temperamental anxiety. Few studies, however, have assessed neonatal, infant, and adolescent characteristics that lead to alcohol abuse in adolescence. Given that the expression of AUDs is rooted in biological processes, the set of studies presented in this work investigate the early origins of excessive alcohol use in adolescence, with an overall goal of identifying risk factors that may …

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Effect Of Positive And Negative Emotion On Naming Accuracy In Adults With Aphasia, Courtney Paige Nielsen Jun 2020

Effect Of Positive And Negative Emotion On Naming Accuracy In Adults With Aphasia, Courtney Paige Nielsen

Theses and Dissertations

This is a preliminary study investigating the effects of emotion on a confrontational naming task in people with aphasia (PWA). Previous research investigating the effects of emotion on various language tasks in PWA has produced mixed findings with some suggesting a facilitative effect and others an inhibitory effect. Participants included 9 adults with aphasia as the result of a stroke, resulting in the presence of word-finding deficits (i.e., anomia). Participants named images in positive, negative, and neutral conditions. Responses were scored as either correct or incorrect; incorrect responses were coded further to illustrate individual error patterns. The majority of participants …

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Microfabricated Fluidic Devices For Biological Assays And Bioelectronics, Anna V. Bickham Jun 2020

Microfabricated Fluidic Devices For Biological Assays And Bioelectronics, Anna V. Bickham

Theses and Dissertations

Microfluidics miniaturizes many benchtop processes and provides advantages of low cost, reduced reagent usage, process integration, and faster analyses. Microfluidic devices have been fabricated from a wide variety of materials and methods for many applications. This dissertation describes four such examples, each employing different features and fabrication methods or materials in order to achieve their respective goals. In the first example of microfluidic applications in this dissertation, thermoplastics are hot embossed to form t-shaped channels for microchip electrophoresis. These devices are used to separate six preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers and establish a limit of detection for each. The next chapter …

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Towards Cooperating In Repeated Interactions Without Repeating Structure, Huy Pham Jun 2020

Towards Cooperating In Repeated Interactions Without Repeating Structure, Huy Pham

Theses and Dissertations

A big challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) is creating autonomous agents that can interact well with other agents over extended periods of time. Most previously developed algorithms have been designed in the context of Repeated Games, environments in which the agents interact in the same scenario repeatedly. However, in most real-world interactions, relationships between people and autonomous agents consist of sequences of distinct encounters with different incentives and payoff structures. Therefore, in this thesis, we consider Interaction Games, which model interactions in which the scenario changes from encounter to encounter, often in ways that are unanticipated by the players. For …

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Cronobacter Sakazakii Genes Contributing To Persistencein Low-Moisture Dairy Matrices, Kaitlin Ash Hartmann Jun 2020

Cronobacter Sakazakii Genes Contributing To Persistencein Low-Moisture Dairy Matrices, Kaitlin Ash Hartmann

Theses and Dissertations

Cronobacter sakazakii is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen known to survive in dry environments and food matrices, such as infant formula. This foodborne bacterium can cause fatal human infections of the blood, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract; it is also problematic in wounds and urinary tract infections. Preterm infants and immunocompromised individuals are in higher risk categories related to necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis, and meningitis due to this organism. Therefore, there is a need for increased understanding of how this bacterium is able to persist in thermally treated low-moisture products that do not support growth. The objective of this research …

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Does Disassociation From The Majority Religious Affiliation Affect Community Desirability?, Alex Nicholas Andre Jun 2020

Does Disassociation From The Majority Religious Affiliation Affect Community Desirability?, Alex Nicholas Andre

Theses and Dissertations

How do predominantly religious rural communities influence members who are not associated with the dominant religion? Does disassociation with the majority religious affiliation impact community desirability? Current community literature has shown that religious affiliation identification can influence community sentiment (Jennings and Krannich 2013; Kan and Kim 1981; Stinner, Van Loon, Chung, and Byun 1990; Mattarita-Cascante, Stedman, and Luloff 2010) while other studies suggest the possibility of either mixed or inconclusive results (Adams 1992; Andrews 2011; Flagg and Painter II 2019; Reitz, Banerjee, Phan, and Thompson 2009). Using data from the Rural Utah Community Study in 2017, the current study will …

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Strengthening Couple's Relationships With Nature Recreation, Brock W. Sumner Jun 2020

Strengthening Couple's Relationships With Nature Recreation, Brock W. Sumner

Theses and Dissertations

Nature has been shown to be beneficial for numerous individual outcomes and this article investigates the link between of individual's nature recreation and couples' relationship satisfaction. First, we outline the theoretical underpinnings of nature recreation and couples' relationship satisfaction. Then we examine the following hypotheses: (1) nature recreation has a positive direct effect on relationship satisfaction, (2) there is a positive indirect effect of nature recreation on relationship satisfaction through the environmental effects, and (3) the relationship between nature recreation and relationship satisfaction will be moderated by the recreational factors. These were examined using data obtained from a cross sectional …

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Stress And Performance Anxiety Intervention For Musicians:A Biofeedback And Compassion Focused Therapy Intervention, Tara Austin Jun 2020

Stress And Performance Anxiety Intervention For Musicians:A Biofeedback And Compassion Focused Therapy Intervention, Tara Austin

Theses and Dissertations

Performance anxiety and stress are forefront problems for performers in the music industry. Within music training programs, these problems are particularly debilitating. These students are concerned both about performance situations and also their personal lives. The following study compared two treatments, heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) on the effects of cortisol and self-reported stress and mood before and after a required end of semester performance. Thirty students enrolled in a college music program participated in the five-visit intervention (14 in the HRV biofeedback group and 16 in the CFT group). Stress levels, measured by self-report, …

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Missing Piece Of The Puzzle: Creating A General Meaning Of Sex Measure, Veronica R. Hanna-Walker Jun 2020

Missing Piece Of The Puzzle: Creating A General Meaning Of Sex Measure, Veronica R. Hanna-Walker

Theses and Dissertations

The presence of and/or search for meaning has divergent and salient outcomes for individuals’ physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Although numerous domains of meaning have been examined, the literature on the meaning of sex is sparse and lacks a quantitative measure. In this study, I aimed to validate a general Meaning of Sex (MOS) Measure that captured the presence of (MOS-P) and search for (MOS-S) the meaning of sex that predicted salient relational and sexual outcomes (i.e., relationship stability and satisfaction and sexual satisfaction). The MOS measure was based off of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) created by Steger …

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Do Shape And Volume Of Subcortical Neural Structures Involved In Reward Processing Correlate With Body Mass And Food Reward In Adolescent Females?, Kelsey K. Zaugg Jun 2020

Do Shape And Volume Of Subcortical Neural Structures Involved In Reward Processing Correlate With Body Mass And Food Reward In Adolescent Females?, Kelsey K. Zaugg

Theses and Dissertations

Background: The prevalence of adolescent obesity has increased drastically in the last few decades, spurring research examining causes and consequences of this chronic health condition. Neuroimaging techniques are being used to determine possible neural correlates of obesity that could help inform research in this field. However, the research among adolescents is not as abundant and findings so far are contradictory. This study sought to examine the association of the shape and volume of subcortical brain structures involved in reward processing with weight status in adolescent females. Additionally, this study sought to determine if the shape and volume of these structures …

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Development Of A 3d Computational Vocal Fold Model Optimization Tool, Austin C. Vaterlaus Jun 2020

Development Of A 3d Computational Vocal Fold Model Optimization Tool, Austin C. Vaterlaus

Theses and Dissertations

One of the primary objectives of voice research is to better understand the biomechanics of voice production and how changes in properties of the vocal folds (VFs) affect voice ability and quality. Synthetic VF models provide a way to observe how changes in geometry and material property affect voice biomechanics. This thesis seeks to evaluate an approach of using a genetic algorithm to design synthetic VF models in three ways: first, through the development of a computationally cost-effective 3D vocal fold model; second, by creating and optimizing a variation of this model; and third, by validating the approach. To reduce …

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Father-Adolescent Relationship Closeness: A Path Analysis Of Family Factor Associates With Father-Adolescent Engagement And Relationship Quality, Mark H. Trahan, Richard H. Morely, Kevin Shafer Jun 2020

Father-Adolescent Relationship Closeness: A Path Analysis Of Family Factor Associates With Father-Adolescent Engagement And Relationship Quality, Mark H. Trahan, Richard H. Morely, Kevin Shafer

Faculty Publications

Father-adolescent child relationship quality has been identified as key to adolescent health outcomes. While factors have previously been identified associated with father-adolescent closeness, a comprehensive model of understanding the influence of these factors is needed. Using cross-sectional data from the Study of Contemporary Fatherhood (SCF), this analysis of father-adolescent relationship closeness evaluated responses of nine hundred (N = 900) father surveys to investigate historical factors, including own father relationship quality, biological fathering, family transitions, and ACEs along with current factors, including co-parenting, depression, parenting stress, knowledge of adolescent, warmth, and engagement, on father-adolescent relationship closeness. Path analysis results indicate that …

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Adolescent Depressive Symptomology: Do Siblings Hurt Or Help?, Jared D. Thorpe Jun 2020

Adolescent Depressive Symptomology: Do Siblings Hurt Or Help?, Jared D. Thorpe

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents in the United States are currently experiencing a mental health crisis. While evidence shows that parents play an important role in shaping the mental health of youth, little has been done to understand how siblings may contribute to the psychological well-being of adolescents. I examine this association through the lenses of social capital and resource dilution perspectives. Social capital theory suggests that siblings may act as an additional source of resources, such as social support, which promote positive mental health. In contrast, resource dilution theory posits that the presence of siblings decreases the availability of parental resource in a …

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Identifying High-Potential Work Areas In Engineering For Global Development: Linking Industry Sectors To The Human Development Index, Daniel Oliver Smith Jun 2020

Identifying High-Potential Work Areas In Engineering For Global Development: Linking Industry Sectors To The Human Development Index, Daniel Oliver Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Those working in Engineering for Global Development seek to improve the conditions in developing countries. A common metric for understanding the development state of a given country is the Human Development Index (HDI), which focuses on three dimensions: health, education, and income. An engineer’s expertise does not always align with any of those dimensions directly, while they still hope to perform impactful work for human development. To discover other areas of expertise that are highly associated with the HDI, correlations and variable selection were performed between all World Development Indicators and the HDI. The resultant associations are presented according to …

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Mental Contrasting As A Technique To Lower Learners' Levels Of Anxiety When Completing Communicative Tasks In A Chinese Beginning Classroom, Tzu-Hsiang Chien Jun 2020

Mental Contrasting As A Technique To Lower Learners' Levels Of Anxiety When Completing Communicative Tasks In A Chinese Beginning Classroom, Tzu-Hsiang Chien

Theses and Dissertations

Learning a foreign language is stressful. If learners are anxious, they might be less confident and less willing to communicate (MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément, & Noels, 1998). Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) are widely used in the field of personal health, career pursuit among others. I introduce mental contrasting techniques to Chinese teaching and learning to see if MCII help learners lower their anxiety level. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale is implemented to test participants’ self-perceived anxiety. Participants’ cortisol in saliva serve as a manifestation of participants’ anxiety (i.e., stress) levels and as a measure of the changes of their …

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Isothermal Inactivation Of Salmonella, Listeria Monocytogenes, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl-B 2354 In Peanut Butter, Powder Infant Formula, And Wheat Flour, Adam Robert Quinn Jun 2020

Isothermal Inactivation Of Salmonella, Listeria Monocytogenes, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl-B 2354 In Peanut Butter, Powder Infant Formula, And Wheat Flour, Adam Robert Quinn

Theses and Dissertations

Pathogens in low-moisture foods are an emerging food safety concern due to increased survival and thermotolerance in matrices with low water activity. However, limited data is publicly available for the thermotolerance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 (a Salmonella surrogate). The aims of this study were to identify differences in thermal inactivation rates between these organisms in three different low-moisture foods. Three model low-moisture foods (peanut butter, powder infant formula, and wheat flour) were inoculated with either E. faecium, a Salmonella spp. cocktail, or a L. monocytogenes cocktail using a dry inoculation method for a total …

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Electrochemical Sensors Enhanced By Convection And By 3d Arrays Of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, Benjamin James Brownlee Jun 2020

Electrochemical Sensors Enhanced By Convection And By 3d Arrays Of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, Benjamin James Brownlee

Theses and Dissertations

Early and accessible diagnostics are important elements to reducing the negative side-effects of untreated disease. One key advancement in diagnostic monitoring is through the development of highly sensitive sensors that have the capability to detect lower concentrations, while still remaining accessible for point-of-care use. This dissertation characterizes electrochemical sensing platforms that are enhanced by convection and by 3D electrodes made from high surface area, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). Free-standing VACNTs were patterned into microchannel arrays for flow-through amperometric sensing. Convective mass transfer enhancement was shown to improve sensor performance in amperometric sensing through the use of high surface area …

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Understanding The Administrative Role Fo School Psychology District Leaders, Alivia Nicole Smith Jun 2020

Understanding The Administrative Role Fo School Psychology District Leaders, Alivia Nicole Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Very few articles in the published research literature have considered the clinical supervision of school psychology and even fewer articles explore the administrative supervision of school psychologists. The purpose of this study is to describe the roles, and responsibilities, and challenges faced by district leaders who supervise school psychologists. Using a purposeful sample, participants met criteria for this study if they worked at the district level, supervised at least three school psychologists, and were responsible for hiring and firing school psychologists. Nineteen participants qualified for this study and completed a phone interview that included eight open-ended questions. Participants shared that …

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The Effects Of Immune Regulation And Dysregulation: Helper T Cell Receptor Affinity, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Cancer Risk, And Vaccine Hesitancy, Deborah K. Johnson Jun 2020

The Effects Of Immune Regulation And Dysregulation: Helper T Cell Receptor Affinity, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Cancer Risk, And Vaccine Hesitancy, Deborah K. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Helper T cells direct the immunological response to foreign pathogens and cancer. To become activated, helper T cells must recognize unique peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex II (pMHCII) by antigen presenting cells (APCs) with their T cell receptor (TCR). While much is known about helper T cell activation signaling cascades and the subsequent roles of helper T cell subsets, the initiation of helper T cell activation by the TCR and other co-receptors is less well understood. Specifically, the affinity of the TCR for its pMHCII can change helper T cell subset fate, proliferation, and alter the risk for activation …

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Retaining School Psychologists: The Role Of District Level Administrative Supervisors, Rachel Ruth Butler Jun 2020

Retaining School Psychologists: The Role Of District Level Administrative Supervisors, Rachel Ruth Butler

Theses and Dissertations

The school psychologist shortage has been a persistent problem in education, and there is a lack of research on what current administrative supervisors are doing to address shortages. This study examined the perceptions of district leaders regarding the recruitment and retention of school psychologists. Participants included 19 administrative supervisors in public school districts in Colorado (CO), Utah (UT), Nevada (NV), and Wyoming (WY). Data for this qualitative study were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with administrative supervisors of school psychologists. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes. A total of 10 themes were identified, and the first theme reflected …

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