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The Influence Of Pause On Listeners' Perceptions In Speech Of People With Aphasia, Emily Wright Jun 2021

The Influence Of Pause On Listeners' Perceptions In Speech Of People With Aphasia, Emily Wright

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine how varying pause lengths in speech of people with aphasia (PWA) influences listeners' perceptions. The study specifically assesses listeners' perceptions of communicative effectiveness and speaker likability. Speech samples from six people with nonfluent or fluent aphasia were obtained from a previous study conducted by Harmon (2018). The speech samples were modified to create four sets of stimuli, including the original recordings, normalized within utterance pauses, normalized between utterance pauses, and normalized for both within and between utterance pauses. Forty listeners rated each of the speech samples based on the perceived communicative effectiveness …

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Understanding Quote-Tweet Usage During The Covid-19 Pandemic, David Hardy Bean Jun 2021

Understanding Quote-Tweet Usage During The Covid-19 Pandemic, David Hardy Bean

Theses and Dissertations

The Covid-19 pandemic first entered the international news cycle with mixed levels of concern. How did people across the globe react to first encounters with this virus? For many it was like seeing for the first time the spewing ash of a volcano, or the receding tides of a tsunami. Many reacted with disbelief, not knowing the proper course of action for themselves or for their community. This study explores the topics of discussion and reactions to the pandemic through the lens of quote-tweets--from the initial confusion and disbelief to the eventual politicization, economic closures, and reopening events. Quote-tweets are …

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A Framework For Assessing And Designing Human Annotation Practices In Human-Ai Teaming, Suzanne Ashley Stevens Jun 2021

A Framework For Assessing And Designing Human Annotation Practices In Human-Ai Teaming, Suzanne Ashley Stevens

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis work examines how people accomplish annotation tasks (i.e., labelling data based on content) while working with an artificial intelligence (AI) system. When people and AI systems work together to accomplish a task, this is referred to as human-AI teaming. This study reports on the results of an interview and observation study of 15 volunteers from the Washington DC area as the volunteers annotated Twitter messages (tweets) about the COVID-19 pandemic. During the interviews, researchers observed the volunteers as they annotated tweets, noting any needs, frustrations, or confusion that the volunteers expressed about the task itself or when working …

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Reframing Past Bullying Experiences Through The Lens Of Harry Potter, Haeeun Lee Jun 2021

Reframing Past Bullying Experiences Through The Lens Of Harry Potter, Haeeun Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Long after being bullied, many individuals find it difficult to leave their bullying experiences behind and have difficulty confidently move forward with their lives. Memories of being bullied often remain as an agitation that detracts from personal happiness and wellbeing. This study included 10 female and three male undergraduate students who reported experiencing mild to moderate bulling during childhood. Participants were self-proclaimed Harry Potter fans. All participants reported previously reading the entire Harry Potter book series. As a reframing strategy to address past bullying experiences, this research utilized bibliotherapy in addition to scriptotherapy. Participants selected one chapter from the Harry …

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“God’S Fair Land Of Ireland Did Not Hold Her Equal”: Disgust As An Anti-Eugenics Tool In James Joyce’S Ulysses, Lizzie Belnap Jun 2021

“God’S Fair Land Of Ireland Did Not Hold Her Equal”: Disgust As An Anti-Eugenics Tool In James Joyce’S Ulysses, Lizzie Belnap

Theses and Dissertations

While many modernist authors exhibited eugenicist tendencies which I While many modernist authors exhibited eugenicist tendencies which I will detail in this paper, Joyce wrote, implicitly and explicitly, against it. Joyce’s anti-eugenics aesthetic, expressed almost in passing by Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man (1916), becomes entangled in questions of bodies and national identity in Ulysses. I intend to identify a series of moments in which disgust and bodily difference in Ulysses counter the eugenics trends in elitist modernism while simultaneously criticizing racism in Irish nationalism that, in some ways, drove the movement for …

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The Role Of The Cytosolic Chaperonin Cct In Folding Β-Propeller Proteins, William Grant Ludlam Jun 2021

The Role Of The Cytosolic Chaperonin Cct In Folding Β-Propeller Proteins, William Grant Ludlam

Theses and Dissertations

Many Proteins require the aid of molecular chaperones to achieve a stable folding state and avoid misfolding pathologies. A major eukaryotic chaperone is the cytosolic chaperonin CCT. While CCT is known to fold a significant portion of all cytosolic proteins, there is no general model for the mechanism CCT uses to fold substrate proteins. One class of proteins that CCT is known to fold are β-propeller containing proteins. Here, we present structural and biochemical data on the processes that CCT uses to fold three distinct β-propeller proteins: the G-protein Beta 5 (Gβ5) subunit of the Gβ5-RGS complex, mLST8 of the …

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Cationic Steroid Antimicrobials: Applications To Medical Device Coatings, Mechanism Of Pro-Osteogenic Properties, And Potential Synergy With Common Antifungals, Brian J. Hilton Jun 2021

Cationic Steroid Antimicrobials: Applications To Medical Device Coatings, Mechanism Of Pro-Osteogenic Properties, And Potential Synergy With Common Antifungals, Brian J. Hilton

Theses and Dissertations

Cationic steroid antimicrobials (CSAs or ceragenins) are a novel class of synthetic, cholic acid-based mimics of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. These small molecule compounds display broad bactericidal activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, potent ability against fungal pathogens, and cidal effects against drug resistant and multidrug resistant microbes. Implantable medical devices provide an abiotic surface upon which bacteria and fungi can accumulate--thereby leading to localized or systemic infection. We proposed that CSA antibiotics can be incorporated into medical device surface coatings which can be optimized for the active release or elution of the CSA compounds over time to prevent device-associated infections. …

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The Link Between Internet Activity And Community Experience In Rural Utah, Kayci A. Muirbrook Jun 2021

The Link Between Internet Activity And Community Experience In Rural Utah, Kayci A. Muirbrook

Theses and Dissertations

The growth of high-speed internet access in rural communities is a relatively recent event. In this study, I contribute to the literature regarding the internet and local community by analyzing the influence of internet activity on community experience, measured through community satisfaction and attachment, using the systemic model as controls. After surveying 24 rural communities in Utah, USA once in 2008 and again in 2017, I find a negative association between community experience and increased use of the internet for informational purposes. While my models find mixed findings that community experience has decreased over time in rural areas, I find …

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More Than One Way: How Migrants Are Able To Achieve Belonging Beyond Their Legal Status, Claudia Soto Jun 2021

More Than One Way: How Migrants Are Able To Achieve Belonging Beyond Their Legal Status, Claudia Soto

Theses and Dissertations

Is legal status a master status for migrant belonging? If not, how do other factors--such as social networks, religious participation, language and cultural familiarity--shape belonging? Over the past few years, some migration scholars have suggested that legal status is a "master status"which determines migrant outcomes (Gonzales 2015). Other literature suggests that migrant outcomes are determined by a variety of factors, asserting that migrant experiences can be better understood by studying the interaction between these factors (Enriquez 2017; Valdez and Golash-Boza 2020). Utilizing 73 semi-structured interviews with migrants in Utah, I compare the experiences of refugees, permanent migrants, temporary migrants, and …

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Preventing Alzheimer's: Effects Of Second Language Acquisition In Older Populations, Joshua Rhead Jun 2021

Preventing Alzheimer's: Effects Of Second Language Acquisition In Older Populations, Joshua Rhead

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Alzheimer’s disease continues to be a problem that medicine has few answers for. As a result, much research has been focused on finding a cure as well as interventions to help prevent the onset of the disease. One such intervention that has been proposed is to improve the brain’s efficiency and connectivity. A controversial method of achieving these results is through second language acquisition. Many provide evidence for or against the benefits of this intervention, but much remains unclear. Most of these studies focus on cognitive function and functional connectivity in language areas, but the default mode network, which is …

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Addressing Melanoma Risk In Families, Rebecca B. Roy, Deborah O. Himes Jun 2021

Addressing Melanoma Risk In Families, Rebecca B. Roy, Deborah O. Himes

Student Works

Melanoma is one of the top 10 cancers in the United States. It is an aggressive and potentially fatal skin cancer. Up to 10% of all people diagnosed with melanoma have a positive family history of melanoma and a family history with a first degree relative can increase the risk for family members by 75%. Poor family communications often result in first degree relatives’ lack of knowledge about risk and prevention for melanoma. Considering this lack of knowledge, primary care providers have the opportunity to assess risk; teach and encourage prevention measures; teach and perform skin exams; and refer to …

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Full Issue Jun 2021

Full Issue

Journal of Response to Writing

No abstract provided.

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Metaphorical Response And Student Revisions, Terese Thonus Jun 2021

Metaphorical Response And Student Revisions, Terese Thonus

Journal of Response to Writing

Writing instructors and writing tutors are often interested in discovering whether their responses to student writing facilitate student revision at a deep level. This teaching article illustrates how written metaphorical response can prompt student revision beyond surface features. It includes a description of tutor training in metaphorical response; tutors’ responses offered to first-year composition students’ first drafts of an assignment; students’ second-draft revisions; and remarks from interviews with tutors, students, and course instructors. In particular, I examine the specific metaphorical strategies used by tutors to convey revision advice. Generalizing from these findings, I show how tutors and teachers can use …

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Formative Automated Writing Evaluation: A Standpoint Theory Of Action, Lynette Hazelton, Jessica Nastal, Norbert Elliot, Jill Burstein, Daniel F. Mccaffrey Jun 2021

Formative Automated Writing Evaluation: A Standpoint Theory Of Action, Lynette Hazelton, Jessica Nastal, Norbert Elliot, Jill Burstein, Daniel F. Mccaffrey

Journal of Response to Writing

In writing studies research, automated writing evaluation technology is typically examined for a specific, often narrow purpose: to evaluate a particular writing improvement measure, to mine data for changes in writing performance, or to demonstrate the effectiveness of a single technology and accompanying validity arguments. This article adopts a broader perspective and offers a standpoint theory of action for formative automated writing evaluation (fAWE). Following presentation of the features of our standpoint theory of action, we describe our two study sites, and each instructor documents her experiences using the fAWE application (app), Writing Mentor® (WM). One instructor analyzes experiences using …

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A Comparison Analysis Of Five Instructors’ Commenting Patterns Of Audio And Written Feedback On Students’ Writing Assignments, Andrew J. Cavanaugh, Liyan Song Jun 2021

A Comparison Analysis Of Five Instructors’ Commenting Patterns Of Audio And Written Feedback On Students’ Writing Assignments, Andrew J. Cavanaugh, Liyan Song

Journal of Response to Writing

Instructors often use text-based methods when giving feedback to students on their papers. With the development of audio recording technologies, audio feedback has become an increasingly popular alternative to written feedback. This study analyzed five instructors’ commenting patterns of both written and audio feedback. The five instructors, who taught sections of the same undergraduate composition class, provided written feedback to students on one writing assignment and audio feedback on another writing assignment. A mixed-methods research methodology was employed for the study. Data were collected through surveys, students’ writing assignments, digital audio files (for audio feedback), and interviews. The findings indicated …

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Sensory Sensitivity And Intolerance Of Uncertainty Influence Anxiety In Autistic Adults, Karys M. Normansell-Mossa Jun 2021

Sensory Sensitivity And Intolerance Of Uncertainty Influence Anxiety In Autistic Adults, Karys M. Normansell-Mossa

Theses and Dissertations

Several models of anxiety in autistic adults have focused on the role of intolerance of uncertainty which has biological and evolutionary bases, as a cognitive explanation for the high prevalence of anxiety in autism. This framework suggests that all people are born with a healthy level of intolerance of uncertainty, and as we develop, this intolerance is lessened as we learn when situations are safe and begin to understand and manage the uncertainty. This process of learning about managing uncertainty does not happen in the same way in those who are high in autistic traits, which could be the reason …

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Parental Incarceration And Juvenile Delinquency: The Role Of Gender, Kirstie S. Weyland Jun 2021

Parental Incarceration And Juvenile Delinquency: The Role Of Gender, Kirstie S. Weyland

Theses and Dissertations

Parental incarceration is connected to many negative outcomes for children including negative externalizing behaviors. Most studies are not conclusive in determining whether maternal incarceration or paternal incarceration has a more detrimental impact on children. This study looks at a sample of 2,458 youth from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS) and their parents and compares the gender of the incarcerated parent and that of the child to determine if there are differences in the risk of delinquent behavior among adolescent children. Results found that parental incarceration overall increased the risk of juvenile delinquency and that female children are …

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Teacher Perspectives On Students With Special Educational Needs Enrolled In Secondary-Level World Language Classes In The State Of Utah, María Fernanda Zamora Sánchez Jun 2021

Teacher Perspectives On Students With Special Educational Needs Enrolled In Secondary-Level World Language Classes In The State Of Utah, María Fernanda Zamora Sánchez

Theses and Dissertations

Research was conducted on students with special educational needs (SEN) taking world language (WL) classes at the secondary level in the state of Utah. Ninety-two WL teachers shared their outlooks and experiences on working with this population of students. Data analyses show that there is not a significant increase in the number of students with SEN enrolled in WL classes. Analyses suggest that WL teachers have an average of two students with SEN per class, learning disability being the most common SEN identified. This study also shares teachers' successful and challenging experiences, finding that time and individual attention are examples …

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The Relationship Of Alliance, Cohesion, And Group Climate With Outcome, Rachel Anne Arnold Jun 2021

The Relationship Of Alliance, Cohesion, And Group Climate With Outcome, Rachel Anne Arnold

Theses and Dissertations

Therapeutic alliance, cohesion, and group climate are all important relationship components of group therapy which have been shown to predict client outcome. Yet, due to discrepancies in how these are defined and measured in the literature, how these three constructs differentially predict outcome is not yet fully understood. For instance, most studies only assess a single construct and often do so with outcome assessed from a pre-post perspective rather than continuously. The present study is an archival analysis on Group Questionnaire (GQ) positive bond and Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45) data that aims to elucidate the predictive relationship of therapeutic alliance, group …

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Byu-Online Update For Exsci 410 Stress Management, Kayla Hunter Jun 2021

Byu-Online Update For Exsci 410 Stress Management, Kayla Hunter

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

The purpose of this project was to update BYU-Online course material for Stress Management (EXSC 410). This course teaches the basic physiology of stress, its impact on the body, and several methods of coping with stress to live a balanced and healthy lifestyle. Using Merril's first principles of instruction, the course was reformatted to align with the action-based learning outcomes for the course. Application activities were created and students reported that they used the stress management skills they were taught in the course.

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Software Defined Radio Short Range Radar, Nicholas Everett Kohls Jun 2021

Software Defined Radio Short Range Radar, Nicholas Everett Kohls

Theses and Dissertations

High cost is a current problem with modern radar systems. Software-defined radios (SDRs) offer a possible solution for low-cost customizable radar systems. An SDR is a radio communi- cation system where, instead of the traditional radio components implemented in hardware, many of the components are implemented in software on a computer or embedded system. Although SDRs were originally designed for wireless communication systems, the firmware of an SDR can be configured into a radar system. With new companies entering the market, various types of low- cost SDRs have emerged. This thesis explores the use of a LimeSDR-Mini in a short-range …

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Reinforcement Learning With Auxiliary Memory, Sterling Suggs Jun 2021

Reinforcement Learning With Auxiliary Memory, Sterling Suggs

Theses and Dissertations

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms typically require vast amounts of data to train to a useful level of performance. Each time new data is encountered, the network must inefficiently update all of its parameters. Auxiliary memory units can help deep neural networks train more efficiently by separating computation from storage, and providing a means to rapidly store and retrieve precise information. We present four deep reinforcement learning models augmented with external memory, and benchmark their performance on ten tasks from the Arcade Learning Environment. Our discussion and insights will be helpful for future RL researchers developing their own memory agents.

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Lexical Aspect In-Sha Verb Chains In Pastaza Kichwa, Azya Dawn Ladd Jun 2021

Lexical Aspect In-Sha Verb Chains In Pastaza Kichwa, Azya Dawn Ladd

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a corpus and narrative-based description of how the lexical aspect of predicates with the switch reference same subject (SS) suffix -ʃa affects the meaning of utterances in Pastaza Kichwa (PK), a Quechuan dialect spoken in Amazonian Ecuador. The main purpose of this thesis is to describe how verb chains that use -ʃa are affected by lexical aspect. The secondary purpose is to compare these uses with current grammars, and determine whether there are more uses than are currently proposed in the most recent grammar of PK. The most recent grammar of PK lists the functions of the …

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Population Dynamics Of Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus): Maternal Effects And De Novo Genome, Sydney Lamb Jun 2021

Population Dynamics Of Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus): Maternal Effects And De Novo Genome, Sydney Lamb

Theses and Dissertations

Population dynamics of large ungulates are complex and vary with fluctuations in factors such as predation, resource availability, human disturbance, and weather (Gaillard et al. 1998, Forrester and Wittmer 2013). These regulating factors exhibit similar effects on ungulate populations by changing vital rates such as birthrate, death rate, emigration or immigration (Gaillard et al. 2000). To better understand the mechanisms influencing population change, it is useful to involve tools from multiple disciplines (Krausman et al. 2013). Here we explore population dynamics of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) through the lenses of two distinct fields: population ecology and genomics. In the first …

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Full Issue Jun 2021

Full Issue

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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The Etiology Of Mdd In Sexual Minority Youth And Its Implications For Treatment, Keith Burns Jun 2021

The Etiology Of Mdd In Sexual Minority Youth And Its Implications For Treatment, Keith Burns

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Greater tolerance and understanding of homosexuality, transgenderism, and other forms of gender nonconformity have sparked an increased effort to reach out to and help sexual minorities (i.e., groups whose sexual identity, orientation, or practices differ from cisgender heterosexuality), especially those who experience mental health challenges. Despite immense progress in society, deeply rooted social stigma, prejudice, and discrimination have often left sexual minorities feeling bullied, ostracized, and isolated, which tends to reinforce a host of negative mental health outcomes, such as increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidality (Hatchel et al., 2018). While mental health clinicians have become increasingly …

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Experiences Of Nonbinary And Gender Nonconforming Individuals Within The Healthcare System, Chloe B. Lacey Jun 2021

Experiences Of Nonbinary And Gender Nonconforming Individuals Within The Healthcare System, Chloe B. Lacey

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Though nonbinary and gender nonconforming people are becoming increasingly recognized in North America, specialized healthcare—specifically gender-affirming procedures—are not becoming available to them. Researchers have examined the subjective experiences of these individuals as they have navigated the healthcare system in order to further understand possible limitations for nonbinary and gender nonconforming populations. Methods include assessing the procedures available to participants and their interpersonal experiences with healthcare professionals and family members. Scientific resources on this topic are limited, and the results are overwhelmingly represented by self-report. Furthermore, the content of the results is majorly negative toward the participants’ experiences. Participants report verbal …

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The Unintentional Cost Of A Free Public Sex Offender Registry, Rebekah E. Leavitt Jun 2021

The Unintentional Cost Of A Free Public Sex Offender Registry, Rebekah E. Leavitt

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This literature review analyzes the efficacy of modern legislation guiding public access to sex offender registries and draws on research utilizing surveys, interviews, and statistical observations of convicted sex offenders to determine sources of ineffective practices at the legislative level. By utilizing Braithwaite’s reintegrative shaming theory (1989), in which stigmatizing shame is significantly less efficient in criminal contexts, current legislation and its impact on common issues experienced by sex offenders (including sexually addictive behaviors and childhood sexual abuse) are examined. The discerned prevalence of stigmatizing shame in modern legislation, which focuses on the individual rather than the undesirable behavior, indicates …

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The Events Of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure, Mia R. Urmston Jun 2021

The Events Of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure, Mia R. Urmston

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide issue leading to problems shortly following abuse and well into the victims’ lives. Specific barriers have been found to delay one’s disclosure of CSA. Common reasons for delayed CSA disclosure among recently abused children and adult survivors of CSA are the fear of not being believed and not having a trusted adult with whom they can disclose their CSA experience. Feelings of shame brought on by comments from the perpetrator were also common among those who delayed CSA disclosure. Action is needed to transition CSA disclosure from being an event into more of …

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Failure To Report: The Detrimental Effects Following Sexual Assault, Lindsey R. Osborne Jun 2021

Failure To Report: The Detrimental Effects Following Sexual Assault, Lindsey R. Osborne

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Sexual assault is a prominent issue in society, yet many people remain unaware of the serious effects following sexual assault. Victims who report to legal authorities tend to experience disbelief and blame because of the prevalence of rape myths. Due to the severity of the trauma, hormones released by the brain hinder proper brain functioning and can cause a little-known evolutionary response termed tonic immobility (TI). The psychological outcome of sexual assault commonly results in or worsens several psychological conditions, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and drug and alcohol abuse. Guilt, self-blame, and adverse emotions are accelerated with negative interactions while …

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