Digital Commons Network^™

A Comparison Of The Vascular Response To Acute Sauna Heating In Young And Middle-Aged Adults, Olivia Kathryn Leach

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Age-related declines in endothelial function have been well documented with larger declines observed in middle-aged. Passive heat exposure has been shown to be a promising method to improve vascular endothelial health, with sauna specifically being linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Increases in blood flow and shear rates associated with heat exposure are often considered to have a major influence on the observed improved endothelial function following heat exposure. The magnitude of these changes in response to sauna have not yet been defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to quantify and compare the vascular response to …

Creating A Culturally Adaptable Comprehensive Sexuality Education Teacher's Manual, Stephanie Carteciano

Student Works

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to create a culturally adaptable comprehensive sexual education teacher’s manual by (a) standardizing content using The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) 2018 International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education (CSE), (b) providing evidence-based CSE pedagogy in the form of classroom activities, and (c) including adaptable teaching methods to fit diverse cultural contexts.

Development: The manual lessons were derived from UNESCO’s 2018 International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education, and the pedagogy followed Anderson and Krathwohl’s revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Health information was obtained from various medical and university resources. We surveyed eight …

The Impact Of Speech Pause On The Perceived Effectiveness And Likability Of A Speaker's Communication, Rebecca Lyman

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine how length and location of speech pausing affects a listeners' perception of likability and communication effectiveness. Furthermore, the end goal of this study is to understand how to better assess atypical speech pause for persons with aphasia (PWA). Speech samples were collected from two neurotypical speakers over the age of 75. The speech samples were the recorded responses of picture description tasks found in the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE). These speech samples were then modified to include artificial pauses located both within sentence and between …

The Junk Food Problem: Why The Law Allows Advertising To Kids And How To Implement Change, Makenna Hardy, Madison Maloney

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

Rapid technological advancements have increased the methods in which advertisers can reach the public, specifically children. As obesity rates increase among America’s youth, more stringent advertising laws barring junk food exposure have been advocated for. Since the Supreme Court has determined commercial free speech as deserving full First Amendment coverage, the rights of advertisers frequently inhibit productive methods of protecting children from junk food advertisements. This article examines the current standards safeguarding both children and advertisers and the feasibility of restricting advertising to kids within the limitations of commercial speech protections.

Full Issue

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

No abstract provided.

Opioid Use Disorder In The United States, Macy Holmgren

Ballard Brief

Opioid use disorder affects 16 million people worldwide and over 2.1 million in the United States. OUD has been an ever-growing public health issue in the nation since 1999, causing death on an unprecedented scale through 2022. Chronic pain, overprescription, illicit use of prescription opioids, and inability to access treatment are all contributors to OUD and are perpetuated throughout the nation. Victims of opioid use disorder have a higher chance of becoming addicted to harder drugs, experiencing medical complications, and dying from an overdose. Evidence-based practices such as medication-assisted treatment must be leveraged to address the issue and reduce the …

Utah Antidiscrimination Efforts: Shortcomings, Challenges, And The Way Forward, Greta L. Asay

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

Despite being a pro-business state, Utah is not considered employee-friendly; employment discrimination is prevalent, in spite of the state and federal laws in place to protect against it. The state agency that is in place to safeguard employees against unlawful discrimination is the Utah Antidiscrimination and Labor Division (UALD), established by the Utah Antidiscrimination Act (UADA). While the UALD has the potential to be a powerful legal guardrail for employees, it currently is not fulfilling this potential. This paper explores the shortcomings of the UALD and argues that changes should be made to strengthen the authority of the UADA.

Is History Repeating Itself? The Role Of The Supreme Court In Protecting Minority Rights, Alyssa Fox, Annabelle Crawford

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

Throughout history, the role of the Supreme Court has been debated. Some individuals argue for strict interpretation of the Constitution, while others argue that the ideals of the Constitution should be prioritized. Landmark cases decided by the Supreme Court demonstrate the shift between the protection of state sovereignty and minority rights. This article argues that the Supreme Court is responsible to intervene on behalf of minority and historically-disadvantaged groups when their rights are threatened or infringed upon by state and federal governments.

Defending The Constitutionality Of Abortion Rights, Sydney Reil, Cynthiana Desir

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

In 2018, the constitutionality of the Mississippi Gestational Act was called into question by the Jackson Women’s Health Organization. This act illegalized the majority of abortions after 15 weeks of pregnancy. Given the constitutional right to abortion granted by Roe v. Wade and upheld by Planned Parenthood v. Casey, both the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit deemed the Act unconstitutional as a violation of that right. The State of Mississippi brought the case under the review of the United States Supreme Court in 2021, seeking …

The Constitutionality Of Contributing To Climate Change, Madeline Troxell

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

Despite the issue of human-caused climate change being upheld by science for decades, topics of its legitimacy, relevance, and repercussions are still debated heavily today. In an attempt to argue for their constitutional right to a safe and livable climate, 21 young plaintiffs have sued the federal government for its affirmative action increasing America’s dependency on fossil fuels, thus exacerbating the climate crisis. The obstacles facing their case can be reduced to an argument concerning the courts jurisdiction over climate issues. This article will argue that the plaintiff's case is centered around the civil rights of children, and thus the …

Checking The President’S Sanctioning Power In The New Age Of Economic Warfare, Jaden Mcquivey

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

The United States President has nearly unlimited sanctioning power. This paper agrees with presidential authority over sanctions, which has been firmly established by the Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917, International Emergency Economic Powers Act in 1977, United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., and INS v. Chadha. However, this paper does not agree with unchecked sanctioning power. By simply declaring a national emergency, the President can legally justify most economic sanctions on foreign countries. Over the last few decades, the United States has entered a new state of “sanctioning madness” and is known for its particularly destructive unilateral sanctions. …

The Impact Of Gender On The Acceptance Of Surveillance Technology, Jody Messick

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

A classic dilemma facing governments and citizens alike is the trade-off between privacy and security. This concept is found in the Constitution’s Fourth Amendment, which implies that citizens have a right to be protected against “unreasonable searches and seizures by the government” (FindLaw 2019). The technological revolution, and its implications for privacy, has complicated the nature of this right. Different types of data require different approaches to the privacy versus security tradeoff. A 2003 panel by Wright et. al asks how “sensor data,” data that is collected through technology that tracks a user’s online or real-world movements, should be approached, …

Internet Censorship In The Time Of A Global Pandemic: A Proposal For Revisions To Section 230 Of The Communications Decency Act, Braxton Johnson, Alex Dewsnup

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

During the era of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, social media sites have justified removing inflammatory opinions pertaining to COVID-19 in attempts to protect and promote public health and safety by automatically categorizing such opinions as misinformation. While the intention of such censorship is noble, it raises the question of whether social media sites and internet service providers in general have too much power when it comes to controlling information. In an age where social media has become intrinsic to the dissemination and formation of opinion, the free exchange of ideas on the Internet is of prime importance, and any threat …

Eli And Susannah Wiggill: South African Saints, Jay H. Buckley, Joshua Rust

Faculty Publications

Eli Wiggill’s story of migration from Gloucester, England, to South Africa and then to Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, epitomizes an inspiring and informative example of the gathering of the Saints to Zion in the mid-nineteenth century. Eli and his wife, Susannah Bentley Wiggill, joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in South Africa while Eli served as a Methodist missionary. Both became stalwart members following their conversion. Eli and Susannah Wiggill’s faithful dedication affected the lives of hundreds of South African Saints. This essay adds to scholarship about Eli and Susannah Wiggill’s immigration from England to South …

Covid-19 Lockdown: Impact On College Students’ Lives, Wendy C. Birmingham, Lori L. Wadsworth, Jane H. Lassetter

Faculty Publications

Objective: In light of COVID-19, leaders issued stay-at-home orders, including closure of higher-education schools. Most students left campus, likely impacting their employment and social network. Leaders are making decisions about opening universities and modality of instruction. Understanding students' psychological, physiological, academic, and financial responses to the shut-down and reopening of campuses can help leaders make informed decisions. Participants: 654 students from a large western university enrolled during the pandemic shutdown. Methods: Students were invited via email to complete an online survey. Results: Students reported stress, depression, loneliness, lack of motivation, difficulty focusing on schoolwork, restless sleep, appetite changes, job loss …

The Gig-Economy War: The Drive Towards Regulating Rideshare Employment Misclassification, Inae Cavalcante

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

With the emergence of the gig-economy, the doctrine distinguishing independent contractors from employees has never been more relevant in the state of California. Currently, the state faces a legal battle regarding employment misclassification of rideshare apps’ drivers, specifically Uber Technologies. While many believe that drivers should be entitled to the label of employee and receive benefits and protections under the California Labor Code, the law is not tailored to this new market and renders itself ambiguous. Although many solutions were presented in the past, such as the Borello Test, the ABC Test, Assembly Bill 5, and Proposition 22, no employment …

Full Issue

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

No abstract provided.

Local Partisan Agreement And Trust, Mike Pulsipher, Kelsey Eyre

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

Americans are more distrusting than ever. On every metric, there has been a noticeable and substantial decline in trust of government, media, and business. This important trend has received a lot of academic and press attention and has been identified in nearly every state and every demographic. Curiously, despite decades of falling crime, fraud, and corruption, Americans are also less trusting in each other. While changes in trust for government, media, and business have looked quite different for Democrats and Republicans, partisans have shown similar declining trends in general trust.

Ecological Disruption In The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Jane Allen

Ballard Brief

Ecological disruption is an issue that is affecting the wildlife and people that live in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Climate change and oil drilling are two of the main causes of ecological disruption in the ANWR. The native people and wildlife are the ones being affected by the ecological disruption and deterioration. Food source decline and land degradation are some of the ways that climate change is affecting these people. Oil drilling and government involvement in the lands of Alaska is causing the degradation for many Alaskans to worsen. Oil drilling destroys ecosystems and harms the native animals, …

Data For Caveat Emptor-Scan Quality Of Elsevier’S Digital Backfile Pdf Collection, Gregory M. Nelson, Paul Kj Robbins

ScholarsArchive Data

The data set contains two Supplementary Files that contain (1) metadata for 31 of Elsevier's journal backfile packages and (2) metadata and results of a PDF scan quality study.

Thermal Inactivation Of Salmonella, Escherichia Coli, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl B-2354 In Pasta Matrices, Kristi Shannon Gowans

Theses and Dissertations

Limited data are currently available characterizing the thermal resistance of foodborne pathogens in semolina flour and intermediate pasta matrices representative of commercial conditions during mixing, extrusion, and drying. These data are essential to pasta producers seeking to be compliant with federal regulations since Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli demonstrate survival in wheat flour and dried pasta products. This study investigated the heat resistance of Salmonella, pathogenic E. coli, and E. faecium NRRL B-2354 in raw semolina flour and partially dried pasta intermediates via thermal death time (TDT) studies. This study also assessed the appropriateness of E. faecium NRRL B-2354 as …

Losing Control To The Controller: Mmorpg Video Game Addiction And Mediating Roles Of Player Motivations, Abbie Speed

Theses and Dissertations

Using a quantitative survey distributed to regular players of MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) (N = 777), the current study employed a correlation matrix and a parallel mediation model to assess the relationship between play frequency, motivating factors, and video game addiction. The results demonstrated that each of these elements were related to one another to varying degrees (p < .001). The motivating factors identified by Yee (2006) included achievement, immersion, and social interaction, which were tested as mediators and indicated that achievement (a1 = 0.2817, p < 0.001; b1 = 0.4073, p < 0.001) and immersion (a2 = 0.3217, p < 0.001; b2 = 0.2574, p < 0.001) are mediators in the relationship of play frequency and addiction. Social interaction was not significant as a mediator (a3 = 0.3217, p < 0.001; b3 = -0.0235, p = 0.6753). Higher levels of addiction were present for those who were motivated by achievement (rewards) and immersion (storyline/diversion) to play more frequently per week. However, those who were motivated by social interaction to play frequently did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with higher levels of addiction. Findings suggest that motivating factors of gameplay may have a mediating effect on the relationship between play frequency and addiction.

Developing Tools For Introducing Modifications Into The Chicken Genome, Zachary Eldon Olsen

Theses and Dissertations

The chicken is a classic model organism that has provided key insights into embryonic development. Chicken embryos can be directly manipulated and observed during development while retaining the potential to reach adulthood. Despite this benefit, the utility of the chicken in studying development has been limited by the difficulty of introducing genetic changes to the genome. The recent development of cell culture conditions for chicken primordial germ cells (cPGC) has made it feasible to produce transgenic chickens, but there is still a lack of tools for introducing genetic modifications into cPGCs. Recombinase Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) is a technique that …

Meeting Patients Where They Are: A Nurse-Driven Quality Improvement Project To Provide Influenza Vaccinations In The Emergency Department, Stacie Hunsaker, Larry Garrett, Katreena Merrill, Rachelle Rhodes

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Influenza is highly contagious, vaccine-preventable, and may result in significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccination is the primary protection against influenza, vaccination rates remain low. Traditionally, primary care clinics, retail pharmacies, and public health departments offer influenza vaccines. However, offering influenza vaccines in new settings may increase their availability to the public and increase community uptake. This project aimed to add emergency departments as a new influenza vaccine location to increase the number of vaccines distributed during the 2020 to 2021 influenza season.

Methods: Adult patients discharged from 24 emergency departments were included in this pre- post-intervention project. A …

Comparing Multiple Sclerosis Age Of Onset In American American And European Cohorts Via Polygenic Risk Scores, Amy Arabel Hernandez

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Health disparities have been observed in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), which show that non–Hispanic black patients with MS die at an earlier age and have an increasing mortality trend compared to white MS patients.³ New genetic information shows promising results to treat genetic diseases. For example, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are being used to calculate polygenic risk scores (PRS) which are a method used to understand disease risk. However, current PRS have been developed using GWAS that overrepresent individuals of European ancestry,⁴ showing that they do not equally apply to all individuals. We set out …

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Hakimas And “Enlightened” British Men: Female Medical Professionals In Midcentury Great Britain And Egypt, Izzy Maire

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson’s pursuit of a medical education and career in Great Britain in the 1860s sharply contrasts with the rise of a class of female medical practitioners or “hakimas,” in Egypt in the 1830s. The two stories are especially noteworthy when examined together since Great Britain colonized Egypt in the 1880s, severely limiting opportunities for women in medicine in the now-occupied nation. Elizabeth and women in Egypt, were both negatively impacted by British attitudes toward women, despite Great Britain’s image of itself as a modern, enlightened nation. Drawing on a range of primary sources, including the personal correspondence of …

Korean Pop Idols: The Dark Side Of The Limelight, Ashley Chase

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Korean pop music has risen to an international consciousness during the surge of the cultural Korean wave. However, many are still unaware of the struggles that idols face when pursuing a career in this industry. Many artists in the industry struggle with their physical and emotional health due to rigorous schedules in training and as a performing group, high expectations of performance and appearance, and restrictive contracts known as “slave contracts” that limit their personal freedoms and financial resources. These factors lead to the industry being highly damaging to the stars that participate in it.

In this documentary, I take …

Utah's Inland Port: The Future Of Logistics In The Intermountain Region Or Gambling With Taxpayer Money, Austin Simonson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Over the last 20 years, US imports and consumer demand have been steadily growing with no clear end in sight. Despite this, approximately 40% of all our containerized imports are processed through only two ports – the Port of Long Beach and the Port of Los Angeles. In 2021, these two locations alone moved over 10 million import containers. In order to help ease the strain on our nationwide supply chain – an issue that came clearly into view during the COVID-19 pandemic – in 2016, the University of Utah submitted an assessment regarding a possible inland port in the …

Control Education For Societal-Scale Challenges: A Community Roadmap, John Anthony Rossiter, Christos G. Cassandras, João Hespanha, Sebastian Dormido, Luis De La Torre, Gireeja Ranade, Antonio Visioli, John Hedengren, Richard M. Murray, Panos Antsaklis, Francoise Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, Thomas Parisini

Faculty Publications

This article focuses on extending, disseminating and interpreting the findings of an IEEE Control Systems Society working group looking at the role of control theory and engineering in solving some of the many current and future societal challenges. The findings are interpreted in a manner designed to give focus and direction to both future education and research work in the general control theory and engineering arena, interpreted in the broadest sense. The paper is intended to promote discussion in the community and also provide a useful starting point for colleagues wishing to re-imagine the design and delivery of control-related topics …

An Evaluation Of Epa Communication On Climate Change From 1997 To 2022, Adam Johnson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Because the United States is responsible for such a large percent of the world’s emissions, its actions to combat climate change is especially significant. As the main speaker for the U.S. on climate change, it is important the EPA uses effective communication strategies. In this paper we evaluated the effectiveness of the EPA’s communication. To do so, we evaluated publicly available press releases from the EPA from 1997 to 2022. To measure effectiveness, we incorporated a range of factors that climate communication experts have identified as particularly important. Our analysis found that the EPA effectively communicates in light of some …