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The Effects Of A High-Carbohydrate Versus A High-Fat Shake On Biomarkers Of Metabolism And Glycemic Control When Used To Interrupt A 38-Hour Fast: A Randomized Crossover Study, Landon S. Deru

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to determine the impact of various fast-interrupting shakes on markers of glycemic control including glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP. Methods: Twenty-seven adults (12 female, 15 male) completed all three conditions of this study. One condition consisted of a 38-hour water-only fast, and the other two conditions were similar but the fasts were interrupted at 24 hours by either a high carbohydrate/low fat (HC/LF) or a low carbohydrate/high fat (LC/HF) shake. Results: The water only fast resulted in 135.3% more BHB compared to the HC/LF condition (t = 7.77, p < 0.0001) and 69.6% more compared to the LC/HF condition (t = 5.12, p < 0.0001). Conversely, the LC/HF condition exhibited a 38.8% higher BHB level than the HC/LF condition (t = 2.70, p = 0.0086). Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose was 14.2% higher in the HC/LF condition than in the water condition (t = 6.23, p < 0.0001) and 6.9% higher compared to the LC/HF condition (t = 3.14, p = 0.0024), with the LC/HF condition yielding 7.8% more glucose than the water condition (t = 3.21, p = 0.0020). At the 25-hour mark, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were significantly elevated in the HC/LF condition compared to the LC/HF condition (F = 3.84, p = 0.0002 and F = 2.27, p = 0.0244, respectively) and compared to the water condition (F = 7.00, p < 0.0001 and F = 9.96, p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and GIP were increased in the LC/HF condition compared to the water condition at 25 hours (F = 3.19, p = 0.0016, F = 2.43, p = 0.0158, and F = 12.13, p < 0.0001, respectively). Notably, glucagon concentrations at the 25-hour mark decreased in the HC/LF group compared to the LC/HF condition (F = 3.37, p = 0.0009). However, by the 38-hour time point, no statistically significant differences were observed among the conditions for any of the analyzed hormones. Conclusions: While a LC/HF shake does not mimic a fast completely, it does preserve some of the metabolic changes including elevated BHB and glucagon, and decreased glucose and insulin compared to a HC/LF shake.

God, Can You Help Me? Effects Of Religious Coping On Patients With Anxiety And Trauma, Camron Angell

Student Works

Historically, religion has been overlooked in psychology as a method of coping due to stigma and an apprehension to bring up religious beliefs. Recent literature suggests positive religious coping can help patients with anxiety and PTSD (Anastasi & Newberg, 2008; Areba et al., 2018; Plante et al., 2000; Starnino et al., 2019; Yazici et al., 2020). Religious coping, both positive and negative, appears to affect patients with anxiety and PTSD. Positive religious coping is thought to have a positive effect on both anxiety and PTSD and can lead to greater mental health outcomes (Areba et al., 2018; Harris et al., …

Larson2023_Slow Release Of Ga3_Data, Alexandra J.S. Larson, Maureen Cartwright, Whitney D. Jones, Katrina Luce, Mei Chen, Kate Petersen, Shannon V. Nelson, David J. Michaelis, Matthew D. Madsen

ScholarsArchive Data

This file contains the data description for the Larson2023_Slow-release of GA3 Hormone… Supplementary File.

The excel file contains four worksheets: 1) Palmer’s germination, 2) Palmer’s biomass, 3) germination other species, 4) biomass other species. Blank cells indicate either no coating was used or there was no plant.

1) “Palmer’s germination” and “germination other species” A) Temp (o C): germination chamber temperature setting B) Species: common name of penstemon species tested (“germination other species” only) C) Treatment: seed coating treatment D) Final Germination percentage: percent of seed that germinated. E) FGP: final germination percent in decimal form F) Time to 50% …

Integrating Clinical Cancer And Ptm Proteomics Data Identifies A Mechanism Of Ack1 Kinase Activation, Eranga R. Balasooriya, Deshan Madhusanka, Tania P. López-Palacios, Riley J. Eastmond, Dasun Jayatunge, Jake J. Owen, Jack S. Gashler, Christina M. Egbert, Chanaka Bulathsinghalage, Lu Liu, Stephen R. Piccolo, Joshua L. Andersen

Faculty Publications

Beyond the most common oncogenes activated by mutation (mut-drivers), there likely exists a variety of low-frequency mut-drivers, each of which is a possible frontier for targeted therapy. To identify new and understudied mut-drivers, we developed a machine learning (ML) model that integrates curated clinical cancer data and posttranslational modification (PTM) proteomics databases. We applied the approach to 62,746 patient cancers spanning 84 cancer types and predicted 3,964 oncogenic mutations across 1,148 genes, many of which disrupt PTMs of known and unknown function. The list of putative mut-drivers includes established drivers and others with poorly understood roles in cancer. This ML …

Evaluating A Large Language Model’S Ability To Solve Programming Exercises From An Introductory Bioinformatics Course, Stephen R. Piccolo, Paul Denny, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Samuel H. Payne, Perry G. Ridge

Faculty Publications

Life scientists frequently write computer code when doing research. Computer programming can aid researchers in performing tasks that are not supported by existing tools. Programming can also help researchers to implement analytical logic in a way that documents their steps and thus enables others to repeat those steps. Many educational resources are available to teach computer programming, but this skill remains challenging for many researchers and students to master. Artificial-intelligence tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT are able to interpret human-language requests to generate code. Accordingly, we evaluated the extent to which this technology might be used to perform programming tasks described …

Streamlining The Detection Of Human Thyroid Receptor Ligand Interactions With Xl1-Blue Cell-Free Protein Synthesis And Beta-Galactosidase Fusion Protein Biosensors, J. Porter Hunt, Tyler J. Free, Jackelyn Galiardi, Kevin M. Watt, David W. Wood, Bradley Charles Bundy

Faculty Publications

Thyroid receptor signaling controls major physiological processes and disrupted signaling can cause severe disorders that negatively impact human life. Consequently, methods to detect thyroid receptor ligands are of great toxicologic and pharmacologic importance. Previously, we reported thyroid receptor ligand detection with cell-free protein synthesis of a chimeric fusion protein composed of the human thyroid receptor beta (hTRβ) receptor activator and a β-lactamase reporter. Here, we report a 60% reduction in sensing cost by reengineering the chimeric fusion protein biosensor to include a reporter system composed of either the full-length beta galactosidase (β-gal), the alpha fragment of β-gal (β-gal-α), or a …

Learning Experience Design As An Orienting Guide For Practice: Insights From Designing For Expertise, Jason K. Mcdonald, Tyler J. Westerberg

Faculty Publications

In this paper we consider how learning experience design (LXD) improves designers’ capacities to influence learning. We do this by exploring what LXD offers the design of learning environments that help develop learners’ expertise. We discuss how LXD (a) attunes designers to different learning affordances than are emphasized in traditional ID; (b) challenges the universal applicability of common ID techniques; and (c) expands designers’ views of the outcomes for which they can design. These insights suggest that LXD is useful because it refocuses and reframes designers' work around flexible design approaches that are often deemphasized in traditional ID.

What's All The Fuss About Pickleball? Motivational Profiles Of Middle Age And Older Adult Recreational Pickleball Players, David C. Barney, Zack E. Beddoes, Keven A. Prusak, Brandon Weekes

Faculty Publications

As a person becomes older their physical activity options may change or be reduced. One activity that is proving differently among older adults is pickleball. As of 2022 over 3.1 million people in the United States participate in pickleball (USAPA Pickleball, 2022). From the casual observer, many recreational tennis courts have been modified to accommodate the increase of pickleball players. Also, many of these pickleball players are older (40 +). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the motivational profiles of 40 and older adults towards playing pickleball. Generally, it was learned that 40 and older adults participate …

Improving Behavior In An Alternative High School Summer Program Using Class‑Wide Function‑Related Intervention Teams: A Pilot Study, Paul Caldarella, Erika J. Richards, Leslie Williams, Emily J. Warburton

Faculty Publications

Effective interventions are needed to help alternative high school teachers manage challenging student behaviors. One such intervention, class-wide function-related intervention teams (CWFIT), is a classroom management program based on positive behavior interventions and supports principles. CW-FIT involves teaching appropriate classroom behavioral expectations (social skills), using high behavior-specific praise-to-reprimand ratios, and an interdependent group contingency to provide differential reinforcement of appropriate classroom behavior and eliminate potential reinforcement of problem behavior. In this pilot study, four alternative high school teachers implemented CW-FIT during a summer school program. A series of single subject A-B designs were used over a 3-week period. Results supported …

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Dead Sea Scrolls Photos Acquired

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

A significant addition to the F.A.R.M.S. research library is the recently published two-volume set of photographs of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Patient and skillful work will be required before any conclusions can be drawn about their contents.

Book Of Mormon Text Reformatted

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Donald W. Parry has reformatted the text of the Book of Mormon so that the reader can easily see the hundreds of examples of parallel and repetitive patterns in the Book of Mormon. For instance, 1 Nephi 22:26 has been formatted with indented lines labeled with English letters, and certain words have been underlined to reveal the passage's chiastic structure.

The Olive Tree And Jacob 5

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

On Saturday, March 21, F.A.R.M.S. will hold a symposium at which numerous studies will be presented about the masterful allegory of the olive tree in Jacob 5. Over a dozen speakers will report their findings from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. in room 205 JRCB (Law School) at Brigham Young University.

Welch Appointed Editor Of Byu Studies

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

John W. Welch, founding president and continuing member of the board of directors of F .A.R.M.S., has been appointed editor-in-chief of the 32-year-old BYU Studies.

Working Groups Formed

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

A working group is being formed under the direction of Warren Aston and John Sorenson to study how ships were built in the 6th century B.C., which may help us understand the construction of Nephi' s ship and its voyage to America. Persons with substantial knowledge of the history, design, construction, or sailing of small craft are invited to participate.

Working Groups Formed

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

A project is underway to prepare textual and visual resource files to aid artists and media producers in representing Book of Mormon peoples with (Mesoamerican) historical accuracy. Volunteers within a reasonable distance of Provo who have qualifications and a desire to assist (initially probably as library "gofers") are invited to write to F.A.R.M.S. detailing their interest, availability, and relevant background.

Working Groups Formed

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Under the auspices of F.A.R.M.S., Marlon Nance (Geology Department, Univ. of California, Davis) is organizing a working group on Geology and Environment in the Book of Mormon.

Tours Planned On Lehi's Arabian Trail

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Bountiful Tours of Australia is preparing the first ever tours on the trail that Lehi likely took from Jerusalem to Bountiful. Warren Aston will lead 22-day tours along this trail, limited to 15 participants for each tour, departing Sept. 7, Sept. 28, Nov. 2, and Nov. 23, 1992. As Lehi's journey is followed from Jerusalem to Bountiful, events and places described in the Book of Mormon will take on new relevance and meaning.

Study Aid Again Available

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

The "Wide Margin Edition" of the Book of Mormon, prepared by Eldin Ricks, is available through F.A.R.M.S. This edition has wide margins and is printed in 29 separate 30-page booklets (in a 3-ring binder), making it convenient for students and teachers to take small sections of the Book of Mormon to Gospel Doctrine class for teaching or making notes.

Paper Studies Characteristics Of Oral Culture In The Book Of Mormon

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

A recent fascinating study by William Eggington of the BYU English Department suggests that, by and large, Book of Mormon peoples functioned as an oral culture. Although the Lehite community had access to print as a technology, Eggington believes that they wrote only to accomplish narrow (i.e., religious) goals and that their writings retained many features of a nonprint culture. His evidence comes from certain indicators and memory-aiding devices within the text of the Book of Mormon, including repetitious patterns, balanced patterns, formulaic expressions, and parallelisms.

Language And Script In The Book Of Mormon, Stephen D. Ricks

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

In what language was the Book of Mormon written? The most obvious answer is some form of Egyptian. Moroni states that "we have written this record ... in the characters which are called among us the reformed Egyptian" (Mormon 9:32). Nephi confirms this at the very beginning of the record when he says, "I make a record in the language of my father, which consists of the learning of the Jews and the language of the Egyptians" (1 Nephi 1:1).

Nibley Considers The Temple In The Cosmos

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Hugh Nibley's long-awaited treatment of the temple, which is volume 12 of the Collected Works of Hugh Nibley, will be released early in April by F.A.R.M.S. and Deseret Book.

A Decade Of Research Explored And Documented

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

This month, F.A.R.M.S. and Deseret Book will release their newest book, Reexploring the Book of Mormon. This volume reports the highlights of F.A.R.M.S. research over the last ten years. It is designed to appeal to a very wide audience.

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Fragments Of Original Manuscript Discovered, Royal Skousen

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

For more than three years, Royal Skousen has been studying the original manuscript of the Book of Mormon. His most recent accomplishment, and undoubtedly one of the most significant, was the discovery, conservation, and photography of a collection of a large number of fragments from the original manuscript.

A Probabilistic View Of Protein Stability, Conformational Specificity, And Design, Jacob A. Stern, Tyler J. Free, Kimberlee L. Stern, Spencer Gardiner, Nicholas A. Dalley, Bradley Charles Bundy, Joshua L. Price, David Wingate, Dnnis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Various approaches have used neural networks as probabilistic models for the design of protein sequences. These "inverse folding" models employ different objective functions, which come with trade-offs that have not been assessed in detail before. This study introduces probabilistic definitions of protein stability and conformational specificity and demonstrates the relationship between these chemical properties and the p(stucture|seq) Boltzmann probability objective. This links the Boltzmann probability objective function to experimentally verifiable outcomes. We propose a novel sequence decoding algorithm, referred to as “BayesDesign”, that leverages Bayes’ Rule to maximize the p(stucture|seq) objective instead of the p(seq|structure) objective common in inverse folding …

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Weights And Measures Paper Ready

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

We have experienced some delay in getting the Preliminary Report entitled "Weights and Measures in the Time of Mosiah II" completed. Recent publications on ancient Near Eastern measurement systems sent our staff back to do further research to be sure the paper was up to date and comprehensive. The paper is now available. Participants who had previously ordered It will be receiving their copy in the mail soon.

Regional Delegates Respond

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Over 100 people throughout the world have agreed to serve as regional delegates for the Foundation.

Press Releases Spread The Word

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

In an effort to make interesting scriptural research available to a larger audience, the Foundation has issued press releases to LDS periodicals. Jeanette Smith, Michele Steed, John Tanner and Jack Welch prepared short abstracts of several papers that were sent to 25 newspapers in August.