Digital Commons Network^™

Annealing Behavior Of The Photoluminescence Lines In Cdte And Znx Cd1-X Te Single Crystals, David D. Allred, A. Reyes-Mena, Jesus González-Hernández, Elías López-Cruz, Worth P. Allred

Faculty Publications

The main lines in the photoluminescence spectra of Zn1Cd1-xTe single crystals grown by a modified Bridgman method in the compositional range of 0≤X≤0.25 have been identified. All crystals show only near-band-edge emission. To assist in the identification, various samples with different compositions were annealed under a Cd atmosphere. In the pure crystals, the prominent (A°, X) bound exciton line, as well as the doublet at longer wavelengths, disappear after the annealing. In contrast, the treatments do not change significantly the PL spectra of the mixed crystals.

Characterization Of Metal/Carbon Multilayers By Raman Spectroscopy, David D. Allred, Qi Wang, Jesus González-Hernández

Faculty Publications

Laser Raman spectroscopy has been found to be useful for characterizing amorphous semiconductor multilayers, especially the interfaces of multilayers. Recently, we have extended this technique to the characterization of magnetron sputtered multilayers commonly used as reflectors in soft x-ray optics. Unlike the multilayers previously studied which contained only semiconductors and dielectrics, these are generally semiconductor/metal multilayers. We report here on the Raman characterization of the most common class of multilayers used in soft x-ray optics, those that contain a high density metal like tungsten interspersed with layers of carbon. In all of the metal/carbon multilayers the dominate feature in the …

Deposition Of Zinc Selenide By Atomic Layer Epitaxy For Multilayer X-Ray Optics, J.K. Shurtleff, David D. Allred, R. T. Perkins, J. M. Thorne

Faculty Publications

Thin film deposition techniques currently being used to produce multilayer x-ray optics (MXOs) have difficulty producing smooth, uniform multilayers with d-spacings less than about twelve angstroms. We are investigating atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) as an alternative to these techniques. ALE is a chemical vapor deposition technique which deposits an atomic layer of material during each cycle of the deposition process. The thickness of a film deposited by ALE depends only on the number of cycles. Multilayers deposited by ALE should be smooth and uniform with precise d-spacings which makes ALE an excellent technique for producing multilayer x-ray optics. We have …

Diffuse Absorbing Beryllium Coatings Produced By Magnetron Sputtering, David D. Allred, C. M. Egert

Faculty Publications

Beryllium coatings with varying thicknesses and columnar grain sizes were deposited by low temperature magnetron sputtering and wet chemically etched to enhance diffuse absorption of light. After etching these coatings exhibited a matte black surface finish and low specular reflectance (below 2%) in the IR up to a critical wavelength dependent upon the original grain size of the coating. Extremely thick coatings (350 µm) with original grain sizes of 10 to 12 µm were produced which exhibited specular reflectances below 0.5% up to 50 µm wavelength and a Lambertian BRDF at 10.6 µm averaging 4.3x10-3 ster-1. Scanning electron micrographs are …

Photoconductive Characterization Of Znxcd1-Xte (0≤X≤0.25) Single Crystal Alloys, David D. Allred, Elías López-Cruz, Jesus González-Hernández, Worth P. Allred

Faculty Publications

Large grain polycrystalline and single crystals of ZnxCd1-xTe grown by a modified Bridgman method were studied using the photoluminescence and photoconductivity techniques. The temperature dependence of the band gap, as determined by photoluminescence, follows the Varshni equation for measuring temperature in the range of 15-290 K. One of the fitted parameters, the Debye temperature, monotonically decreases with the increase of the atomic zinc concentration. A close correlation between the photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurements is also found. Samples in which the photoluminescence spectra exhibit emission bands associated to cadmium vacancies and other structural defects, show a photoresponse curve which includes, in …

Distancing As A Casual Factor In The Development Of /0/ And /X/ In Spanish, David Eddington

Faculty Publications

The evolution of the Spanish sibilant system has been an object of study since the late nineteenth century. Since that time, a myriad of books and articles have been published on the subject whose major focus has been to determine the exact nature of the sibilant changes and the chronology of each change. As is the case in most historical work, the question of why phonological systems evolve usually takes on only secondary importance. Among those theories proposed in order to explain why phonetic changes occur is the functionalist idea that there needs to be an optimal acoustic distance between …

Accounting Tutor Platform, Rayman D. Meservy

Faculty Publications

Many educational researchers consider computers to be the most important technological development for education since the invention of the printing press or writing itself. They believe that computers will one day transform education, leaving their mark on education as writing and books have done. Even though computer aided instruction (CAI} has been used for many years, results at the college level have been mixed, although generally moderately positive, sometimes reducing instructional time while increasing learning effectiveness. [Kulik, 1990]

A Community Study Of Coalville, Utah, 1859-1914, Norma Eileen Pyper Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is about a small Mormon community, Coalville, Utah, during the time period 1859 to 1914. Coalville is located in the northeastern section of the state of Utah in Summit County on Interstate 80.
Although Coalville remained small in population, it is worthwhile to study its origins, the people who built its institutions, its social life and economy and how it developed from a mere camping spot on the road between Salt Lake to Wyoming into a stable community. Coalville's development was significant to the growth and culture of Utah.
The founders experienced the usual pioneer struggles to conquer …

A Mormon Melting Pot: Ethnicity Acculturation In Cedar City, Utah, 1880-1915, Vida Leigh

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis studies the ethnicity of the five ethnic groups found in Cedar City, Utah, during the 1880-to-1915 period. Those five groups were originally sent by Brigham Young to found the Iron Mission, as a two-fold project: (1) developing the iron mining industry, and (2) building a united community of Latter-day Saints.

The demographics, kinship, ties, marriage patterns, occupations, wealth, and elites in church government and society have been examined in detail through US censuses, Iron county assessment records, marriage records, Cedar City municipal records, LDS church records, diaries, histories, and personal histories. By comparing all the ethnic groups within …

Memories From Childhood And Early Youth, Andrea Blichfeldt Smith, Alma K. Stark, Translator, Peter D. Thomsen

The Bridge

The story which follows was translated from the Danish language shortly after it was written around 1937. The original manuscript, written in longhand on scraps of brown-bag paper, no longer exists. On the typewritten copy of my cousin's translation, however, she writes: "Mother wrote this at my request." Today, at age 95, Alma Stark lives at 14801 Sherman Way, Van Nuys, California. She corresponds regularly with me and has been very helpful in my quest for genealogical information.

The Level And Determinants Of Burnout Of Mormon Mothers In A Utah Suburban Town, Christina Mordock

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine burnout in Mormon mothers in a suburban Utah town. Specifically the amount and some determinants of burnout among these Mormon women was studied. A random sample of 266 Mormon mothers completed a questionnaire and a modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which consisted of three subscales, (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment), and two categories in each subscale (Frequency and Intensity). The subjects scored in the moderately burned out category in each subscale. Significant relationships were found between the amount of burnout and the following: the age of the mother, …

Age, Gender, And Religious Differences In Moral Perspective, Samuel L. Clay

Theses and Dissertations

An investigation was conducted to see if age and gender are related to a preference for a caring versus a justice morality. The World View Questionnaire with 40 word pairs was used to measure a preference for a caring morality. It was found that there was a significant gender difference in the caring score, with the females scoring higher than the males. There also was a significant religious difference in the caring score with religious and especially Mormon subjects scoring higher than non-religious subjects. There was not, however, a significant age difference as was predicted.

Incidental Effects Of Church Activity On Development, Landscapes And Culture: An Example From Tonga, Sosaia Hakaumotu Naulu

Theses and Dissertations

The effect of religious bodies upon the economy, landscape and culture of developing countries is a topic that needs further study. Intuitively, mission work in such lands would seems to have some impact but the actual conditions and changes are not carefully defined. This thesis seeks to describe one instance, the effect of the LDS Church upon Tonga. Here the Church is a fairly recent entrant into the land and its effects may readily be seen.

The LDS Church was found to play a modest role in the economy and a much greater role in changing landscapes. It is seen …

Review Essay: Christine Weightman, Margaret Of York: Duchess Of Burgundy, 1446-1503, Retha M. Warnicke

Quidditas

Christine Weightman, Margaret of York: Duchess of Burgundy, 1446-1503, St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Samuel Claridge: Pioneering The Outposts Of Zion S. George Ellsworth, Kenneth W. Godfrey

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

Review Essay: E. A. J. Honigmann, Myriad-Minded Shakespeare: Essays, Chiefly On The Tragedies And Problem Comedies, Paul R. Thomas

Quidditas

E. A. J. Honigmann, Myriad-Minded Shakespeare: Essays, Chiefly on the Tragedies and Problem Comedies, St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Review Essay: Christopher Haigh, Ed., The Reign Of Elizabeth I, F. J. Platt

Quidditas

Christopher Haigh, ed., The Reign of Elizabeth I, University of Georgia Press, 1987.

Universal Writing Systems: Philosophical Languages And Humanist Rhetoric In Seventeenth-Century England, Grant M. Boswell

Quidditas

The early Renaissance, like the Hellenic Age and the Golden Age of Roman literature, was epistemologically oriented to the discursory practices of rhetoric rather than to the rational methods of philosophy. This preference resulted from the widespread adoption of linguistic presuppositions upon which humanist rhetoric is based. By the end of the seventeenth century, however, the underlying principles of humanism had been replaced. The discursory competence that humanism had sought to develop had become devalued, and in its place other epistemological systems had arisen. Francis Bacon, the Royal Society, René Descartes, Isaac Newton, and John Locke all offered epistemological principles …

Memories And Autobiography Of Jens Lind, Jens Lind

The Bridge

I don't know if I can write anything that will read any different from thousands of other immigrants that came to make their home in the U.S.A.

The reason I came was mostly because of economic conditions. Another was adventure and restlessness which many young people suffer from in our days, too.

I was born close to the east coast in Jutland, Denmark, September 30, 1892. We were eight in the family: our parents, three brothers and three sisters and, of course, poor as church mice, like thousands of others.

Full Issue

Quidditas

No abstract provided.

In Praise Of Ourselves: Stories To Tell, William A. Wilson

BYU Studies

William A. Wilson writes of the importance of keeping family histories as a way to include ourselves and our families in the ever expanding canon of literature and as a means of giving direction to our lives. Wilson shares his own family stories through the lives of his grandfather, Robert Green, and his mother, Lucile Green Wilson. Both were Mormon settlers in Riddyville, Utah. He tells of their adventures at Lake Bonneville and in McCammon and about their everyday family interactions.

"Official Science Often Lacks Humility": Humor, Science, And Technology In Levi's Storie Naturali, Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

Primo Levi's third book, written under the pseudonym of "Damiano Malabaila," was published for the first time in the fall of 1966 by Einaudi. Storie naturali is a collection of fifteen short stories which represent the beginning of a new Cours in the author's narrative. After the autobiographical Survival in Auschwitz of 1947 and his second book of 1963 The Reawakening–both dealing with the Holocaust and its aftermath–Storie Naturali ("Natural Stories," not yet published in English) represented such a break in the literary patter established by Levi up to that point, that the author decided to use a …

Discussion Of The Representation Of Intercrystalline Misorientation In Cubic Materials, Brent L. Adams, Hans Grimmer, Junwu Zhao

Faculty Publications

BLA and JZ acknowledge the support of the Office of Basic Energy Science of the US Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FG02-88ER45355. Help from Stuart Wright with the figures is gratefully acknowledged. Salient features of various parameterizations of cubic-cubic misorientation are discussed. It is proposed that the quaternion representation of rotations, as a pair of antipodal points on the surface of a four-dimensional sphere, encompasses the most desirable properties of other proposed representations, viz rectilinearity, a closed form for the composition of successive rotations, and an equivalence between the Euclidean measure on its parameter space and the invariant measure …

Ideology, Racism And Morality: Investigating The Structural Origins Of Drug Prohibition, John P. Hoffmann

Faculty Publications

This paper explores the origins of drug prohibition in the United States from a structural perspective. The primary locus ,son how certain economic conditions in U.S. history influenced attitudes toward racial and ethnic minorities during the 1800s and early 1900s. and indirectly affected the passage or prohibitory drug laws. The economic structure continues to Influence the current illegal drug market. Moreover, some consequences of legal and illegal drug use identify the impact of the economic structure on drug prohibition.

For A More Accurate Reading Of Goethe's "Classiker Und Romantiker In Italien . . ", Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

The second volume of Uber Künst und AltertJmm, published in 1820, contained an article by Goethe, the first part of which he had already written two years earlier, entitled "Classiker und Romantiker in Italien, sich heftig bekämpfend" (classicists and romantics in Italy fighting intensely). This report was meant to be a description of the Italian literary scene.during the second decade of the nineteenth century.

Collection Development In Canadian Studies: A Practical Model, Therrin C. Dahlin

Faculty Publications

It is often a difficult task to develop a Canadian studies library collection. As with any area studies collection, where the focus is on a geographic region rather than a particular discipline, a broad range of subjects typically must be covered. To add to the difficulty, Canadian materials are published in both English and French. And if the library is located in the United States, the librarian or bibliographer is faced with the inconvenience of coping with two different national currencies. The complexities inherent in Canadian studies cloud the collection development picture and obscure the appropriate direction to take. With …

Design Of High Performance Soft X-Ray Windows, Raymond T. Perkins, David D. Allred, Larry V. Knight, James M. Thorne

Faculty Publications

X-ray windows are used in sources and detectors to separate the neighborhood of the x-ray generation or detection from the use environment. While each use has its own requirements, there are some principles that should be used in designing an optimal x-ray window. Because x-rays are absorbed to some extent by all materials, minimizing absorption is one criterion in preparing windows. Also, for most uses there is a pressure difference across the window so that ensuring pinhole-free structure and sufficient mechanical strength to support the differential is another criterion for window design. Traditionally, absorption is minimized by fabricating the window …

Primo Levi: The Drowned, The Saved, And The "Grey Zone", Ilona Klein

Faculty Publications

Primo Levi has been well known in Italy for many years. Even though his first book Se questo è un uomo–published in English as Survival in Auschwitz–did not sell well when first published by De Silva in 1947 (2,500 copies published, of which 600 remained unsold and were eventually destroyed by the 1966 flood in Florence), it was accepted unanimously in Italy as a literary masterpiece and a great witness to history when Einaudi republished the volume in 1956. From that moment on, Italian readers and critics have acknowledged the literary beauty and importance of Levi's writings. He …

Advanced Infrared Optically Black Baffle Materials, David D. Allred, Ronald D. Seals, C. M. Egert

Faculty Publications

Infrared optically black baffle surfaces are an essential component of many advanced optical systems. All internal surfaces in advanced infrared optical sensors that require stray light management to achieve resolution are of primary concern in baffle design. Current industrial materials need improvements to meet advanced optical sensor systems requirements for optical, survivability, and endurability. Baffles are required to survive and operate in potentially severe environments. Robust diffuse-absorptive black surfaces, which are (1) thermally and mechanically stable to threats of x-ray, launch, and in-flight maneuver conditions, with specific densities to allow an acceptable weight load, (2) handleable during assembly, (3) cleanable, …

Resort Motivations For Different Family Life Cycle Stages, Brian J. Hill, Cary Mcdonald, Muzaffer Uysal

Faculty Publications

Motivational differences for resort vacation travel among family life cycle stages have not been addressed in travel research. However, from a marketing standpoint, segmenting the resort market into family life cycle groups can be reasonably important. Linking an identified group of motivat􀁄ons with these stages is the purpose of this article. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and analysis of variance are used to evaluate the data. Twenty motivations are . reduced into five motivation factors that coincide with established travel motivations or needs. The importance of family relationship, health and social, and fun and entertainment motivations does differ among respondents single …