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The Relationships Among Plant Cover, Density, Seed Rain, And Dispersal Of Bromus Tectorum In High-Elevation Populations, Andrew R. Kanarek, Rebecca Hufft Kao

Western North American Naturalist

The invasive species Bromus tectorum L. is recognized as one of the most ecologically and economically devastating weeds in the western United States. Although B. tectorumhas been studied extensively, few studies have examined its dispersal and spread. We collected data from sites with B. tectorum in and around Rocky Mountain National Park to quantify the relationships between plant cover/density and seed rain and dispersal distance. Results suggest that there is a positive relationship between density within a patch and local seed rain and that B. tectorum exhibits relatively limited short-distance dispersal (where seeds fell in close proximity to plants …

Survival, Reproductive Output, And Transplant Potential Of Penstemon Tubiflorus (Tube Penstemon), Cathy Mabry

Western North American Naturalist

Survival, reproductive output, and transplant success were studied for an Iowa population of Penstemon tubiflorus (tube penstemon), a species that is rare to uncommon through much of its range. The population was discovered in 2003 and is one of only 6 populations that have been documented in Iowa. I began monitoring the new population when 2 cohorts were permanently marked, the first in 2005 and the second in 2007. I estimated survival, flowering, and reproductive output. Then, I introduced greenhouse-grown transplants to 2 new sites and the original site. Survival data showed that P. tubiflorus is a short-lived perennial (approximately …

Species Trees And Species Delimitation With Multilocus Data And Coalescent-Based Methods: Resolving The Speciation History Of The Liolaemus Darwinii Group (Squamata, Tropiduridae), Arley Camargo Bentaberry

Theses and Dissertations

The inference of species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships are fundamental for evolutionary, ecological, and conservation studies. The resolution of species boundaries and the inference of phylogenetic relationships among species are required to define the units of analysis and to find the most closely related units for evaluating alternative models of speciation. I highlight lizards as model organisms for ecological and evolutionary studies, emphasizing their contributions to advances in understanding linkages between phylogeography and speciation. In this dissertation, I focus on the phylogenetic relationships of the lizards in the Liolaemus darwinii group, and the species boundaries of a nested clade within …

Garden Grove, Iowa: From Mormon Way Station To Permanent Settlement, 1846-1852, Jill N. Crandell

Theses and Dissertations

When the Mormon people began evacuating Nauvoo, Illinois, in February 1846, they intended to leave the United States and build a home for themselves in the West, where they could practice their religion without persecution. However, as Brigham Young led thousands through severe rain and mud that spring, he soon decided that too many of the Saints were unprepared for the long journey to the mountains. Mormons built way stations across Iowa, places where they planted crops, raised log cabins, and obtained the necessary food and supplies. After the Saints moved on to Utah in following years, many of these …

High Levels Of Gene Flow In The California Vole (Microtus Californicus) Are Consistent Across Spatial Scales, Rachel I. Adams, Elizabeth A. Hadly

Western North American Naturalist

Gene flow links the genetic and demographic structures of species. Despite the fact that similar genetic and demographic patterns shape both local population structure and regional phylogeography, the 2 levels of population connectivity are rarely studied simultaneously. Here, we studied gene flow in the California vole (Microtus californicus), a small-bodied rodent with limited vagility but high local abundance. Within a 4.86-km² preserve in central California, genetic diversity in 6 microsatellites was high, and Bayesian methods indicated a single genetic cluster. However, individual-based genetic analysis detected a clear signal for isolation-by-distance (IBD) and fine-scale population structure. Mitochondrial cytochrome …

The End Of Farming In The “Northern Periphery” Of The Southwest, James R. Allison

Faculty Publications

Prehispanic farmers belonging to the Virgin and Fremont traditions once occupied most of Utah and adjacent parts of Arizona and Nevada. Through much of the twentieth century, these areas were called the "Northern Periphery'' of the Southwest, but in recent decades, both Fremont and Virgin have often been left out of syntheses of southwestern archaeology-even though they clearly had strong connections to the Southwest and represented, respectively, the northernmost and westernmost extensions of maize-based horticulture in western North America. This exclusion results from a combination of factors, the most important of which are geography and the territorial behavior of some …

Incarcerated Male Adolescent Suicide In Utah: A Case Study, Kristy Straubhaar

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescent suicide has been described as a major public health problem calling for the aid of researchers willing to better identify factors related to suicide risk. Suicide is the third-leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds. Despite the fact incarcerated adolescents act in self-destructive ways, minimal research has focused on suicide behavior among incarcerated adolescents. Existing data indicates that suicide among adolescent males is especially prevalent in the juvenile justice system. Several variables have been identified as risk factors for suicidal behavior, including interpersonal relationship dysfunction, substance abuse, and psychological variables such as depression and dichotomous thinking. …

We Latter-Day Saints Are Methodists: The Influence Of Methodism On Early Mormon Religiosity, Christopher C. Jones

Theses and Dissertations

Historians have long noted Joseph Smith's early interest in Methodism. Demographic studies of early Mormon converts have demonstrated further that many of those attracted to the Mormon message on both sides of the Atlantic came from Methodist backgrounds. These two points, and the many similarities between Methodist and Mormon beliefs and practices, have led many scholars to suggest that Smith's church was influenced by the Methodists who joined the movement. This thesis explores the Methodist backgrounds of those Methodists who converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1830, when Joseph Smith formally organized his church(originally called …

Marital Satisfaction Among Married Couples In Which One Or Both Members Play A Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (Mmorpg), A Michelle Elton Ahlstrom

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the gaming behaviors of married individuals and couples who play Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game(s) (MMORPGs) including gaming addiction, time spent gaming, satisfaction in gaming participation, gaming interaction (between joint gaming spouses), and socio-demographic variables and the subsequent marital satisfaction levels of both individuals in the couple. Hypotheses were generally supported, excluding the hours spent gaming. 685 couples were separated and analyzed according to whether both individuals in the marriage gamed or just one individual gamed (couple-gaming type). Couples in which only one individual gamed (individual-gamer couples) had …

Constructive Enabling: Applying A Wilderness Skills Intervention To Support The Therapeutic Change Process Of Adolescent Females In Residential Treatment, Brian K. Malcarne

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential benefits of a primitive wilderness skills intervention (POST) on the therapeutic change process of adolescent females enrolled in a residential treatment center. A qualitative data analysis approach was used. A convenience sample of eight female adolescents was selected by therapist referral. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Data analysis was used to assess participants' progress in the therapeutic change. Further analysis revealed a core theme connecting participants' POST experience with feelings of self-empowerment and reflective connections to their individual therapeutic change process. Constructive enabling was the …

An Examination Of Family Skiing And Its Relationship To Family Functioning, Peggy Lynne Philbrick

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between family downhill skiing patterns and family functioning. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II), was used to measure family functioning. Questions created by the researcher were used to measure the average number of family ski experiences per year (frequency) and how many years the family has skied together (duration). Satisfaction with family ski experiences was measured using the Satisfaction with Family Skiing Scale. The sample consisted of 110 family units from throughout the United States. The findings from this study found that frequency and duration of family …

A Life History Study Of The Snake River Plains Endemic Lepidium Papilliferum (Brassicaceae), Susan E. Meyer, Dana Quinney, Jay Weaver

Western North American Naturalist

Lepidium papilliferum is an ephemeral species that occupies "slick spot" microhabitats in the matrix of sagebrush steppe vegetation of the southwestern Snake River plains, Idaho, USA. We related population demographic data collected from 1993 to 1996 to on-site precipitation data on the Orchard Training Area west of Boise. We also carried out field seed-retrieval and in situ seed bank studies. We found that L. papilliferum has a dual life history strategy. A fraction of each cohort sets seed as summer annuals, while the remaining plants remain vegetative and potentially biennial. Surviving biennials flower and set seed along with the annual …

Full Issue, Vol. 65 No. 1

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Dynamics Of A Dwarf Bear-Poppy (Arctomecon Humilis) Population Over A Sixteen-Year Period, K. T. Harper, Renée Van Buren

Western North American Naturalist

A population of the dwarf bear-poppy (Arctomecon humilis Coville, Papaveraceae) at Red Bluff, Washington County, Utah, was monitored twice annually between 1987 and 2002. This is a narrowly endemic, gypsophilous species that has been formally listed as endangered since 1979. During the 16 years of observation, density of this species has fluctuated between 3 and 1336 individuals on the 0.07-ha monitoring plot. Moderate to large recruitments of seedlings occurred in 1992, 1995, and 2001. Seedling recruitments from a large, long-lived seed bank are triggered by abundant precipitation during the February–April period. At least 5.0 cm of rainfall is required …

Demographic And Environmental Relations Of Two Rare Astragalus Species Endemic To Washington County, Utah: Astragalus Holmgreniorum And A. Ampullarioides, Renée Van Buren, K. T. Harper

Western North American Naturalist

Two endemic locoweeds of Washington County, Utah, Astragalus holmgreniorum and A. ampullarioides, were recently listed as federally endangered plant species (Federal Register 2001). They both occur in few, small populations surrounded by increasing human activity in the St. George, Utah, area. Demographic and habitat studies have been ongoing since 1992 and results of those studies are presented here. Astragalus holmgreniorum (Holmgren locoweed) is presently limited to 1 larger population and 2 smaller, isolated populations on the eastern and western edges of its range. It is a short-lived perennial that grows primarily on the Virgin limestone member of the Moenkopi …

Genetically Effective And Adult Population Sizes In The Apache Silverspot Butterfly, Speyeria Nokomis Apacheana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Hugh B. Britten, Erica Fleishman, George T. Austin, Dennis D. Murphy

Western North American Naturalist

Genetically effective and adult population sizes of the Apache silverspot butterfly (Speyeria nokomiis apacheana) from the Great Basin of North America were tracked from 1991 to 1997. Speyeria nokomis inhabits mesic habitats in the Great Basin, and its recent declines in abundance have raised concerns about its future persistence. Adult population size estimates determined from mark-recapture methods ranged from 100 to 1900 individuals from 1993 through 1997. Genetically effective population sizes based on temporal changes in allozyme frequencies ranged from less tha 1 individual to 20 individuals between 1991 and 1995. Despite these small annual estimates, it is …

American Ships And Danish Immigrants In 1869, Harry R. Skallerup

The Bridge

During the period between the end of the Civil War and the heightening of hostilities of the Franco-Prussian War in late 1870, American-built wooden paddle-wheel steamships played a competitive role in the expansion of transatlantic passenger traffic. The war, however, along with the ascendancy of propeller-driven ships with larger iron hulls and more efficient engines, led to their demise in this trade. But within the hiatus of the wars, 1869 stands out as the year in which the first direct, scheduled steamer departures from Copenhagen to New York were made. This service was provided by passenger steamers of U.S. registry …

The "Unidentified Pioneers": An Analysis Of Staffordshire Mormons, 1837 To 1870, Stephen G. Arrowsmith

Theses and Dissertations

The evidence presented in this thesis advocates an increased level of scholarly interest in English working-class Mormon converts. To illustrate who these people were, and what their roles were as part of Mormon story, this regional study introduces and makes available over twelve hundred Staffordshire Mormons, and asks questions of the collected statistical information. The conservative Staffordshire Mormons clearly assisted the establishment, and continuation, off a Zion in the American West. Much of the data confirms previous scholarship; however, those with “differing visions” of Mormonism (for example, the RLDS Church) attracted Staffordshire converts in larger numbers than previously suggested. The …

Experimental Manipulations Of Precipitation Seasonality: Effects On Oak (Quercus) Seedling Demography And Physiology, Jake F. Weltzin, Keirith A. Snyder, David G. Williams

Western North American Naturalist

Predicted changes in regional precipitation patterns and soil moisture caused by anthropogenic trace gas emissions may affect the distribution and abundance of woody plants in arid and semiarid regions. To test the response of woody plants to potential changes in precipitation regimes, we manipulated summer and winter precipitation on plots that contained seedlings of Quercus emoryi Torr. (Emory oak), the dominant tree in oak savannas of the southwestern United States. Throughout the growing season, we monitored seedling survival and physiology (predawn leaf water potential, midday instantaneous gas exchange, and leaf carbon isotope discrimination). Seedling survival and physiological performance differed little …

Brief Notice, Jed L. Woodworth

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

The Geography Of Polynesians In Utah, Adam M. Frazier

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the unique history and geography of Polynesians within Utah. In particular, the historic and current migrations of Hawaiians, Samoans, and Tongans to Utah are examined, and the 1980 and 1990 distributions of Polynesians are mapped and analyzed at three scales: in the United States by state, in Utah by county, and in Salt Lake City by census tract.

Historically, Polynesia's relationship with Utah has been religious, specifically of conversion to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints followed by migration to Utah. Today, however, things are changing. Nevertheless, Polynesians continue to migrate to Utah primarily for …

Family Land And Records Center In Nauvoo, Susan Easton Black

BYU Studies

The Family Land and Records Center is a research center in Nauvoo with many documents available to assist those interested in family history. The records center has documents of residents of Nauvoo, Iowa, and Illinois, from 1839 to 1845. These records include burial records, industry records, temple ordinance records, property records, tax records, occupational records, court records, and more. As of 2013, the Land and Records Office can be found at http://www.historicnauvoo.net/2010/01/land-and-records-office/.

Susan Easton Black, "Family Land and Records Center in Nauvoo" BYU Studies 36, no. 1.

Demography Of Astragalus Scaphoides And Effects Of Herbivory On Population Growth, Peter Lesica

Great Basin Naturalist

Losses in fecundity due to predispersal herbivory can be large; however, the effects of this loss on long-term population viability have rarely been investigated. I conducted a demographic study of Astragalus scaphoides (Fabaceae), a long-lived perennial endemic to east central Idaho and adjacent Montana, by following mapped individuals at two sites from 1986 to 1993. Astragalus scaphoides suffers losses of predispersal fecundity averaging nearly 50% from insect seed predation and inflorescence predation by insects and livestock. Cattle reduced fecundity by 0–85%. Nonetheless, estimates from matrix projection models indicate that both sample populations had positive growth in most years. Elasticity analyses …

Nephi's Descendants? Historical Demography And The Book Of Mormon, James E. Smith

Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011

Review of “Multiply Exceedingly: Book of Mormon Populations Sizes” (1993), by John C. Kunich

Indexes, Committee On East Asian Libraries

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

Seedling Size And Survival For Chrysothamnus Nauseosus, Lisa A. Donovan, James Mausberg, James R. Ehleringer

Great Basin Naturalist

Seedling size and survival in relation to summer drought were examined for Chrysothamnus nauseosus growing under field and greenhouse conditions. In the field, summer survival rates were less than 2% annually for the three years monitored. The effect of initial seedling height on subsequent survival was examined in both the field and greenhouse by grouping seedlings into live and dead categories on each census date and comparing initial heights for seedlings in these categories. For a majority of the census dates, the initial height of surviving seedlings was greater than the initial height of those that subsequently died (significant differences …

A Mormon Melting Pot: Ethnicity Acculturation In Cedar City, Utah, 1880-1915, Vida Leigh

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis studies the ethnicity of the five ethnic groups found in Cedar City, Utah, during the 1880-to-1915 period. Those five groups were originally sent by Brigham Young to found the Iron Mission, as a two-fold project: (1) developing the iron mining industry, and (2) building a united community of Latter-day Saints.

The demographics, kinship, ties, marriage patterns, occupations, wealth, and elites in church government and society have been examined in detail through US censuses, Iron county assessment records, marriage records, Cedar City municipal records, LDS church records, diaries, histories, and personal histories. By comparing all the ethnic groups within …

Early Mormon Perceptions Of Contemporary America: 1830-1846, Grant Underwood

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

Lds Church Members In The U.S. And Canada: A Demographic Profile, Kristen L. Goodman, Tim B. Heaton

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

Desert Rodent Adaptation And Community Structure, Michael A. Mares

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Desert rodent communities are compared for evidence of convergent evolution at various levels of organization, including the systemic (physiological, anatomical, etc.), autecological, and synecological. Convergence is quite pronounced at the systemic level, less pronounced at the autecological level, and even less detectable at the synecological level. This is not to imply that community convergence does not occur, but rather that our current abilities to quantify and detect convergence at the community level are rudimentary-and our data base is still far from adequate to the task of rigorously comparing community attributes. Most research on the ecology, behavior, physiology, and community structure …