Digital Commons Network^™

The Chatgpt Artificial Intelligence Chatbot: How Well Does It Answer Accounting Assessment Questions?, David A. Wood, Ryan D. Sommerfeldt, Muskan P. Achhpilia, Mollie T. Adams, Sanaz Aghazadeh, William G. Heninger, Jeffrey Pickerd, Jon Kerr

Faculty Publications

ChatGPT, a language-learning model chatbot, has garnered considerable attention for its ability to respond to users’ questions. Using data from 14 countries and 186 institutions, we compare ChatGPT and student performance for 28,085 questions from accounting assessments and textbook test banks. As of January 2023, ChatGPT provides correct answers for 56.5 percent of questions and partially correct answers for an additional 9.4 percent of questions. When considering point values for questions, students significantly outperform ChatGPT with a 76.7 percent average on assessments compared to 47.5 percent for ChatGPT if no partial credit is awarded and 56.5 percent if partial credit …

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Violent End To Maya Civilization?

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

A May 26 article in the Washington Post reports on the archaeological research of Vanderbilt U. Prof. Arthur Demarest that shows that the Maya civilization may have collapsed much more violently and much more rapidly than previously thought. "The whole region was gripped by endemic warfare far more destructive than anything we had ever imagined," says Demarest. He believes that this collapse was related to overpopulation and poor soils.

Correction Or Clarification

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

In the May 1991 issue of Insights, reference was made to Joseph Smith's New York Reputation Re-examined as "expressly anti-Mormon." Whereas affidavits reprinted and analyzed in this book may be considered "anti-Mormon," F.A.R.M.S. expresses no position about the book.

Antenantiosis In The Book Of Mormon

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Gail Call, one of our enthusiastic F.A.R.M.S. readers, has pointed out the presence in the Book of Mormon of an interesting figure of speech called antenantiosis. In this figure of speech, an expression is stated in terms of its negated opposite. The result is to express the positive in a very high degree, or as the biblical scholar E.W. Bullinger puts it, "We thus emphasize that which we seem to lessen" (Figures of Speech Used in the Bible [Baker Book House: Grand Rapids, 1989], pp. 159-64).

New Testament Word Studies

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

To enrich your study of the New Testament, F.A.R.M.S. offers a ground-breaking collection of twelve LDS word studies from the Greek New Testament. The eighth Article of Faith states, "We believe the Bible to be the word of God as far as it is translated correctly." Many nuances and connotations of Greek words in the writings of John, Paul, Peter, and others are of great interest to Latter-day Saints.

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

New Evidence For Date Of Christ's Birth

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Between the birth of Christ and the death of Herod there was a lunar eclipse. Attempts to date Christ's birth have involved trying to establish the date of this eclipse. For many years it has been believed that the eclipse occurred on March 13, 4 B.C., which would place Christ's birth in either 5 or 6 B.C.

New Work On Book Of Mormon Geography

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

John Sorenson has completed a major work on a topic of long-time interest to Latter-day Saint readers of the Book of Mormon. Called The Geography of Book of Mormon Events: A Source Book, it includes information that anybody dealing with this topic hereafter cannot do without. Sorenson focuses on events in the Americas; his ultimate goal is to move students of the subject toward consensus.

Dnssec Meets The Frontend: Usability Study Of Dnssec Status Indicator In Browser, Tyler Karren

Theses and Dissertations

DNSSEC ensures the integrity of DNS data. DNSSEC however is not visible to the end user. We designed a DNSSEC status indicator tool that shows the DNSSEC validation statuses of the host being visited in the Web browser. We then conducted a usability study to evaluate the tool, gathering user behavior and feedback from 30 participants. The usability study revealed that users were able to make security conscious decisions based on context of the task, but the tool struggled to communicate that it was sharing the status of the validity of the name-to-IP-address resolution of visited websites. We hope that …

Telling Stories In Noise: The Impact Of Background Noises On Spoken Language For People With Aphasia, Tyson G. Harmon, Brenna Scadden Nelson, Christopher Dromey, Kirsten Dixon Clawson

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Determine how different background noise conditions affect the spoken language of participants with aphasia during a story retell task.

Method: Participants included 11 adults with mild to moderate aphasia and 11 age- and gender-matched controls. Participants retold stories in a silent baseline and five background noise conditions (conversation, monologue, phone call, cocktail, pink noise). Dependent measures of speech acoustics (fundamental frequency, mean intensity), speech fluency (speech rate, disfluent words), and language production (correct information units, lexical errors, lexical diversity, and cohesive utterances) were compared between groups and across conditions.

Results: Background noise resulted in higher fundamental frequency (F_{0 …}

Physiological Arousal, Attentiveness, Emotion, And Word Retrieval In Aphasia: Effects And Relationships, Tyson G. Harmon, Angela Johnson, Vivian Ward, Shawn Nissen

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To (a) compare physiological arousal and attentiveness during a confrontational naming task between participants with aphasia and a control group across four conditions that varied according to emotionality of presented stimuli and (b) explore relationships among physiological arousal, attentiveness, perceived arousal, and naming performance. We hypothesized that participants with aphasia would show lower levels of arousal and attentiveness than control participants and that emotional conditions would lead to increased physiological arousal and attentiveness.

Method: Eight participants with aphasia and 15 control participants completed a confrontational naming task under positive, negative, and neutral conditions and rated their perceived arousal after …

Task Distillation: Transforming Reinforcement Learning Into Supervised Learning, Connor Wilhelm

Theses and Dissertations

Recent work in dataset distillation focuses on distilling supervised classification datasets into smaller, synthetic supervised datasets in order to reduce per-model costs of training, to provide interpretability, and to anonymize data. Distillation and its benefits can be extended to a wider array of tasks. We propose a generalization of dataset distillation, which we call task distillation. Using techniques similar to those used in dataset distillation, any learning task can be distilled into a compressed synthetic task. Task distillation allows for transmodal distillations, where a task of one modality is distilled into a synthetic task of another modality, allowing a more …

Spatial Ecology Of The Texas Alligator Lizard (Gerrhonotus Infernalis) In Blanco County, Texas, Corey M. Fielder, Wade A. Ryberg, Danielle K. Walkup, Jared M. Holmes, Toby J. Hibbitts

Western North American Naturalist

Texas Alligator Lizards (Gerrhonotus infernalis) range from Central Texas into adjacent northeastern Mexico, and published ecological studies on their terrestrial and arboreal movement patterns are lacking. We used radiotelemetry to assess movements, annual home range, and arboreal activity of G. infernalis at Bamberger Ranch Preserve, Blanco County, Texas, to provide baseline ecological data for populations occurring in the northernmost extent of the species’ range. Movement patterns were influenced by temporal (e.g., seasonal) and behavioral cues (e.g., breeding period), but generally no differences were observed between sexes. Annual home range varied, but males averaged larger 95% MCP (minimum convex …

Neutronic Analysis Of The Byu Molten Salt Micro Reactor, Collin Bradford, Edward Mercado, Braden Clayton, Lagrande Gunnell, Andrew Larsen, Matthew Memmott

Faculty Publications

Background: With the rising need for reliable and clean energy, researchers at Brigham Young University created a molten salt microreactor (MSMR) concept to help meet the world’s growing energy demands. The MSMR is rated at 45 MWth and is uniquely capable of passively dissipating all decay heat using conduction only.

Methods: This work presents the results of the simulated neutronic behavior of the MSMR using the Monte Carlo neutronics code OpenMC with the ENDF/B-VII.1 cross-section library at steady state conditions. The specific characteristics discussed in this work are: keff, power profile, axial and radial peak power factors, Doppler coefficient of …

Facial Motion Augmented Identity Verification With Deep Neural Networks, Zheng Sun

Theses and Dissertations

Identity verification is ubiquitous in our daily life. By verifying the user's identity, the authorization process grants the privilege to access resources or facilities or perform certain tasks. The traditional and most prevalent authentication method is the personal identification number (PIN) or password. While these knowledge-based credentials could be lost or stolen, human biometric-based verification technologies have become popular alternatives in recent years. Nowadays, more people are used to unlocking their smartphones using their fingerprint or face instead of the conventional passcode. However, these biometric approaches have their weaknesses. For example, fingerprints could be easily fabricated, and a photo or …

God, Can You Help Me? Effects Of Religious Coping On Patients With Anxiety And Trauma, Camron Angell

Student Works

Historically, religion has been overlooked in psychology as a method of coping due to stigma and an apprehension to bring up religious beliefs. Recent literature suggests positive religious coping can help patients with anxiety and PTSD (Anastasi & Newberg, 2008; Areba et al., 2018; Plante et al., 2000; Starnino et al., 2019; Yazici et al., 2020). Religious coping, both positive and negative, appears to affect patients with anxiety and PTSD. Positive religious coping is thought to have a positive effect on both anxiety and PTSD and can lead to greater mental health outcomes (Areba et al., 2018; Harris et al., …

Integrating Clinical Cancer And Ptm Proteomics Data Identifies A Mechanism Of Ack1 Kinase Activation, Eranga R. Balasooriya, Deshan Madhusanka, Tania P. López-Palacios, Riley J. Eastmond, Dasun Jayatunge, Jake J. Owen, Jack S. Gashler, Christina M. Egbert, Chanaka Bulathsinghalage, Lu Liu, Stephen R. Piccolo, Joshua L. Andersen

Faculty Publications

Beyond the most common oncogenes activated by mutation (mut-drivers), there likely exists a variety of low-frequency mut-drivers, each of which is a possible frontier for targeted therapy. To identify new and understudied mut-drivers, we developed a machine learning (ML) model that integrates curated clinical cancer data and posttranslational modification (PTM) proteomics databases. We applied the approach to 62,746 patient cancers spanning 84 cancer types and predicted 3,964 oncogenic mutations across 1,148 genes, many of which disrupt PTMs of known and unknown function. The list of putative mut-drivers includes established drivers and others with poorly understood roles in cancer. This ML …

Online Protection Laws.Full Issue

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Article Summaries (Online Protection Laws Of Children)

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Online Safety Laws By Country, Haoming Song, Angie Holzer

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Floral Constancies Of Flies And Native Bees Visiting Ceanothus Perplexans (Rhamnaceae) Flowers In Western Arizona, William D. Wiesenborn

Western North American Naturalist

Ceanothus perplexans (Rhamnaceae) is a chaparral and montane shrub found mostly in southern California and northern Baja California, Mexico, and infrequently in western Arizona. The plant produces inflorescences of small, perfect, white or cream flowers during winter to early spring. I examined the pollination of C. perplexans in the Cerbat Mountains in western Arizona during March and April 2022 by collecting flies and native bees on flowers and estimating floral constancies from the proportions of conspecific pollen in pollen loads. Flowers are protandrous with the pistil elongating and the stigmas separating after the anthers lose pollen. Pollen from C. perplexans …

Effects Of Fire On Kangaroo Rats In The San Joaquin Desert Of California, David J. Germano, Lawrence R. Saslaw, Brian L. Cypher, Linda Spiegel

Western North American Naturalist

Fire can alter ecological communities, particularly those that are not fire-adapted, such as desert communities. We examined the effects of fire on rodent communities in the San Joaquin Desert of central California. Of particular interest were the effects on kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) including 2 rare species, the giant kangaroo rat (D. ingens) and the short-nosed kangaroo rat (D. nitratoides brevinasus). Lightning caused multiple fires in arid scrub habitat in western Kern County in 1993. We trapped rodents at 7 sites along paired transects, with one transect in a burned area and one in a …

Evaluating A Large Language Model’S Ability To Solve Programming Exercises From An Introductory Bioinformatics Course, Stephen R. Piccolo, Paul Denny, Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Samuel H. Payne, Perry G. Ridge

Faculty Publications

Life scientists frequently write computer code when doing research. Computer programming can aid researchers in performing tasks that are not supported by existing tools. Programming can also help researchers to implement analytical logic in a way that documents their steps and thus enables others to repeat those steps. Many educational resources are available to teach computer programming, but this skill remains challenging for many researchers and students to master. Artificial-intelligence tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT are able to interpret human-language requests to generate code. Accordingly, we evaluated the extent to which this technology might be used to perform programming tasks described …

Learning Experience Design As An Orienting Guide For Practice: Insights From Designing For Expertise, Jason K. Mcdonald, Tyler J. Westerberg

Faculty Publications

In this paper we consider how learning experience design (LXD) improves designers’ capacities to influence learning. We do this by exploring what LXD offers the design of learning environments that help develop learners’ expertise. We discuss how LXD (a) attunes designers to different learning affordances than are emphasized in traditional ID; (b) challenges the universal applicability of common ID techniques; and (c) expands designers’ views of the outcomes for which they can design. These insights suggest that LXD is useful because it refocuses and reframes designers' work around flexible design approaches that are often deemphasized in traditional ID.

Improving Behavior In An Alternative High School Summer Program Using Class‑Wide Function‑Related Intervention Teams: A Pilot Study, Paul Caldarella, Erika J. Richards, Leslie Williams, Emily J. Warburton

Faculty Publications

Effective interventions are needed to help alternative high school teachers manage challenging student behaviors. One such intervention, class-wide function-related intervention teams (CWFIT), is a classroom management program based on positive behavior interventions and supports principles. CW-FIT involves teaching appropriate classroom behavioral expectations (social skills), using high behavior-specific praise-to-reprimand ratios, and an interdependent group contingency to provide differential reinforcement of appropriate classroom behavior and eliminate potential reinforcement of problem behavior. In this pilot study, four alternative high school teachers implemented CW-FIT during a summer school program. A series of single subject A-B designs were used over a 3-week period. Results supported …

Full Issue

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Language And Script In The Book Of Mormon, Stephen D. Ricks

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

In what language was the Book of Mormon written? The most obvious answer is some form of Egyptian. Moroni states that "we have written this record ... in the characters which are called among us the reformed Egyptian" (Mormon 9:32). Nephi confirms this at the very beginning of the record when he says, "I make a record in the language of my father, which consists of the learning of the Jews and the language of the Egyptians" (1 Nephi 1:1).

A Probabilistic View Of Protein Stability, Conformational Specificity, And Design, Jacob A. Stern, Tyler J. Free, Kimberlee L. Stern, Spencer Gardiner, Nicholas A. Dalley, Bradley Charles Bundy, Joshua L. Price, David Wingate, Dnnis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Various approaches have used neural networks as probabilistic models for the design of protein sequences. These "inverse folding" models employ different objective functions, which come with trade-offs that have not been assessed in detail before. This study introduces probabilistic definitions of protein stability and conformational specificity and demonstrates the relationship between these chemical properties and the p(stucture|seq) Boltzmann probability objective. This links the Boltzmann probability objective function to experimentally verifiable outcomes. We propose a novel sequence decoding algorithm, referred to as “BayesDesign”, that leverages Bayes’ Rule to maximize the p(stucture|seq) objective instead of the p(seq|structure) objective common in inverse folding …