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Facilitation Of Yucca Brevifolia Recruitment By Mojave Desert Shrubs, Steve Brittingham, Lawrence R. Walker Oct 2000

Facilitation Of Yucca Brevifolia Recruitment By Mojave Desert Shrubs, Steve Brittingham, Lawrence R. Walker

Western North American Naturalist

Patterns of recruitment for Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree) were investigated on 3 elevational transects, 1000–2000 m, in the Spring and Sheep Mountain ranges of southern Nevada. Yucca brevifolia is distributed throughout a broad range of plant communities dominated by Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa at low elevations, Coleogyne ramosissima at middle elevations, and an Artemisia-Pinus-Juniperus community at upper elevations. The density of Y. brevifolia gradually increased from the lowest elevations, peaked at 1600 m, and remained at intermediate levels at high elevations until reaching an abrupt upper elevational limit at 2000 m. Open substrate dominated the study areas; however, a …

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Variability Among Five Riparian Cottonwood (Populus Fremontii Wats.) Populations: An Examination Of Size, Density, And Spatial Distribution, Diane L. Rowland, Beth Biagini, Ann S. Evans Oct 2000

Variability Among Five Riparian Cottonwood (Populus Fremontii Wats.) Populations: An Examination Of Size, Density, And Spatial Distribution, Diane L. Rowland, Beth Biagini, Ann S. Evans

Western North American Naturalist

Various abiotic and biotic factors are known to affect tree size, including age, genetics, and environment. Knowledge of size variation within natural riparian tree populations has both ecological and restorative importance. We determined tree sizes, basal area densities, and spatial distributions of 5 Populus fremontii Wats. populations within the Rio Grande watershed in New Mexico. At each site 10 randomly spaced plots, perpendicular to the river and extending from the river to the end of the forest, were established. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and distance to the river were determined for 1803 trees within the 5 populations, and stand …

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Egg Mass Deposition By Arizona Toads, Bufo Microscaphus, Along A Narrow Canyon Stream, Andrew Dahl, Michael P. Donovan, Terry D. Schwaner Oct 2000

Egg Mass Deposition By Arizona Toads, Bufo Microscaphus, Along A Narrow Canyon Stream, Andrew Dahl, Michael P. Donovan, Terry D. Schwaner

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Oreohelices Of Utah, I. Rediscovery Of The Uinta Mountainsnail, Oreohelix Eurekensis Uinta Brooks, 1939 (Stylommatophora: Oreohelicidae), George V. Oliver, William R. Bosworth Iii Oct 2000

Oreohelices Of Utah, I. Rediscovery Of The Uinta Mountainsnail, Oreohelix Eurekensis Uinta Brooks, 1939 (Stylommatophora: Oreohelicidae), George V. Oliver, William R. Bosworth Iii

Western North American Naturalist

Oreohelix eurekensis uinta had not been found since its original discovery and had never been reported as a living taxon, and this had led to speculation that it is extinct. However, searches for O. e. uinta had been confounded by multiple errors in the original definition of the type locality. The type locality has now been relocated and is here redefined, and O. e. uinta is reported for the 1st time as a living taxon. Although the holotype has been lost, existing specimens believed to be paratypes have been examined, and correction of errors in the literature concerning its size …

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Singing Stone, A Natural History Of The Escalante Canyons By Thomas Lowe Fleischner, C. Riley Nelson Oct 2000

Singing Stone, A Natural History Of The Escalante Canyons By Thomas Lowe Fleischner, C. Riley Nelson

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue, Vol. 60 No. 4 Oct 2000

Full Issue, Vol. 60 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Geographic Distribution, Morphological And Molecular Characterization, And Relationships Of Lathrocasis Tenerrima (Polemoniaceae), Leigh A. Johnson, Terri L. Weese Oct 2000

Geographic Distribution, Morphological And Molecular Characterization, And Relationships Of Lathrocasis Tenerrima (Polemoniaceae), Leigh A. Johnson, Terri L. Weese

Western North American Naturalist

Lathrocasis is a recently recognized genus of Polemoniaceae that circumscribes the species first named Gilia tenerrima A. Gray. This species, distributed primarily in the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain floristic regions, has previously escaped thorough taxonomic scrutiny. Surveys of herbarium specimens and living material show that some features of this species have been inaccurately characterized in the past, while other characteristics have not been previously considered in assessing its relationships. Lathrocasis possesses a distinct suite of morphological features that, considered as a whole, distinguish this taxon at the generic level. This suite of characters includes the mostly entire, nonmucronate leaves, …

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Breeding Behavior Of The Plumbeous Vireo In New Mexico, Timothy E. Demarco, Christopher B. Goguen, David R. Curson, Nancy E. Mathews Oct 2000

Breeding Behavior Of The Plumbeous Vireo In New Mexico, Timothy E. Demarco, Christopher B. Goguen, David R. Curson, Nancy E. Mathews

Western North American Naturalist

The Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus) is a poorly studied songbird species that breeds within the interior western United States and Mexico. We studied the breeding behavior of Plumbeous Vireos within pinyon-juniper habitats in northeastern New Mexico in 1996 and 1997. Over both years we located and monitored 40 nests and conducted behavioral observations throughout the nesting cycle. From these observations we described and compared basic behavioral traits of male and female vireos during their nest-building, egg-laying, incubation, and nestling stages, and their response to potential predators near the nest. Male vireos displayed potential nest sites to females, but …

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Breeding Ecology Of White-Faced Ibis (Pleagadis Chihi) In The Upper Klamath Basin, California, Michael R. Taft, David M. Mauser, Todd W. Arnold Oct 2000

Breeding Ecology Of White-Faced Ibis (Pleagadis Chihi) In The Upper Klamath Basin, California, Michael R. Taft, David M. Mauser, Todd W. Arnold

Western North American Naturalist

The White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) is a California state and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service species of special management concern. We studied White-faced Ibis breeding ecology from May through July 1995 on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in the upper Klamath Basin of California. A total of 2029 pairs nested in 3 colonies exclusively in early-successional hardstem bulrush (Scirpus acutus). Nest initiation dates ranged from 10 May to 12 June, and mean clutch size was 3.16. Reproductive success averaged 87% apparent nest success (n = 115), 82% hatchability, 97% whole and partial brood survival, …

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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, Cyclooxygenase 2, And Fever, Daniel L. Simmons, David Wagner, Kenneth Westover Oct 2000

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, Cyclooxygenase 2, And Fever, Daniel L. Simmons, David Wagner, Kenneth Westover

Faculty Publications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used antipyretic agents that most probably exert their antifever effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)–2. Thus, COX-2–selective drugs or null mutation of the COX-2 gene reduce or prevent fever. Acetaminophen is antipyretic and analgesic, as are NSAIDs, but it lacks the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory properties of these drugs. This has led to the speculation that a COX variant exists that is inhibitable by acetaminophen. An acetaminophen-inhibitable enzyme is inducible in the mouse J774.2 monocyte cell line. Induction of acetaminophen-inhibitable prostaglandin E2 synthesis parallels induction of COX-2. Thus, inhibition of pharmacologically distinct COX-2 enzyme activity by …

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Committee Activities, Hideyuki Morimoto, Yunah Sung Oct 2000

Committee Activities, Hideyuki Morimoto, Yunah Sung

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

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Civilization And Interdependent Specialists: Cooperative Systems, Symbioses, Moral Syndromes, And A Sense Of Wholeness, Ross R. Maxwell Oct 2000

Civilization And Interdependent Specialists: Cooperative Systems, Symbioses, Moral Syndromes, And A Sense Of Wholeness, Ross R. Maxwell

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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The Story Of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries Of Tradition And Reform Roger E. Olson, David L. Paulsen Oct 2000

The Story Of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries Of Tradition And Reform Roger E. Olson, David L. Paulsen

BYU Studies

Roger E. Olson. The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition and Reform. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1999. 652 pp. Notes, index. $34.99.

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Norman Bancroft-Hunt And Werner Forman People Of The Totem: The Indians Of The Pacific Northwest, Robert André Lefleur Oct 2000

Norman Bancroft-Hunt And Werner Forman People Of The Totem: The Indians Of The Pacific Northwest, Robert André Lefleur

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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Establishing The Church Simply, John P. Livingstone Oct 2000

Establishing The Church Simply, John P. Livingstone

BYU Studies

The Church's concern for Native Americans led to the development of guidelines for simplifying curriculum and organization, thereby allowing indigenous priesthood leaders to move the Church forward more quickly and effectively where there are special language or cultural needs. The author, a former district and mission president, explores that development and shares his personal experience with the Church's simplified program.

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Thoughts On Pinyin Conversion Of Non-Chinese Language Records, Daphne Wang, Xiatong Wang Oct 2000

Thoughts On Pinyin Conversion Of Non-Chinese Language Records, Daphne Wang, Xiatong Wang

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

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Replication: Regressive Reproduction Or Progressive Evolution?, Graham Wright Sep 2000

Replication: Regressive Reproduction Or Progressive Evolution?, Graham Wright

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Increasing numbers of organizations are "replicating" the programs of successful microfinance institutions (MFIs). This approach allows rapid start-up using tested models and systems. These strengths are also weaknesses, though, since the models being replicated usually require substantial modifications to make them appropriate for local conditions. Furthermore, close adherence to "blueprints" is likely to substitute for careful research into the needs and opportunities for the provision of financial services to the poor--and thus the design of appropriate systems. Replication also risks the suppression of innovative ways of providing still better financial services--particularly when promoted by powerful apex funding organizations, as is …

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Vol. 02 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance Sep 2000

Vol. 02 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

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Microfinance In The United States: The Working Capital Experience— Ten Years Of Lending And Learning, Jeffrey Ashe Sep 2000

Microfinance In The United States: The Working Capital Experience— Ten Years Of Lending And Learning, Jeffrey Ashe

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Working Capital is the United States' largest peer-group lending program. This article reviews what Working Capital has learned about the market, its customers, program impact, and service delivery over its ten year history. It presents a model for understanding how participating in peer lending groups develops “social and economic capital” in poor communities. The article then discusses how participants judge the group model as they identify the characteristics of successful groups and the impact of the group on their businesses, on themselves personally, and on the larger community. The rest of the article discusses how Working Capital evolved from a …

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Capital Enhancement Guarantees And Risk Management By Capital-Constrained Lenders, J.D. Von-Pischke Sep 2000

Capital Enhancement Guarantees And Risk Management By Capital-Constrained Lenders, J.D. Von-Pischke

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Commercial lenders require capital to bear risk. The capital enhancement guarantee (CEG) encourages lenders to make loans they would not otherwise make, such as microenterprise loans. The CEG is auctioned and awarded to bidders who promise the greatest amount of new lending for a given increment of permanent capital. Whether the incremental lending causes losses or gains for the lender, the incremental capital is free. The CEG subsidizes innovation in risk management. It places the analytical focus on risk and its cost, supports the key party to the lending decision, promotes skill in managing risk, is transparent, minimizes moral hazard, …

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Political Islam And Secular Democracy: The Rise Of The Refah Party In Turkey, Brock Taylor Sep 2000

Political Islam And Secular Democracy: The Rise Of The Refah Party In Turkey, Brock Taylor

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

No abstract provided.

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Gary L. Vinyard, Richard W. Rust, Deidre Vinyard Aug 2000

Gary L. Vinyard, Richard W. Rust, Deidre Vinyard

Western North American Naturalist

Editor's Note: This issue of the Western North American Naturalist is dedicated to Gary L. Vinyard, professor of biology at the University of Nevada-Reno and major contributor to conservation of Great Basin organisms and systems. Gary died in 1998, age 49, at the height of his professional career. Articles in this issue were submitted by professional colleagues as well as former students of Dr. Vinyard. Some authors were involved in research with Dr. Vinyard at the time of his death; their papers represent results of their studies. Other authors were invited to submit articles detailing past or present research. All …

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Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) Collected From Springs Of Nevada, Idaho, And Oregon: A Preliminary Study, Okan Külköylüoğlu, Gary L. Vinyard Aug 2000

Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) Collected From Springs Of Nevada, Idaho, And Oregon: A Preliminary Study, Okan Külköylüoğlu, Gary L. Vinyard

Western North American Naturalist

Fourteen freshwater ostracod species collected from 24 springs in Nevada, Idaho, and Oregon between 1991 and 1994 were classified. Their ecology, based on major water parameters (i.e., temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity), and biogeographical distribution in North America were studied. Among these 14 species, 9 (Ilyocypris bradyi, I. gibba, Darwinula stevensoni, Candona candida, Heterocypris incongruens, Herpetocypris reptans, H. chevreuxi, Prionocypris canadensis, P. longiforma) are new records for Nevadas ostracod fauna, while 3 (H. reptans, P. canadensis, and Cypria turneri) are new species for Oregon. H. reptans …

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Diets Of Sympatric Lahontan Cutthroat Trout And Nonnative Brook Trout: Implications For Species Interactions, Jason B. Dunham, Matthew E. Rahn, Robert E. Schroeter, Stewart W. Breck Aug 2000

Diets Of Sympatric Lahontan Cutthroat Trout And Nonnative Brook Trout: Implications For Species Interactions, Jason B. Dunham, Matthew E. Rahn, Robert E. Schroeter, Stewart W. Breck

Western North American Naturalist

Nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have been implicated in declines of stream-living Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), a threatened trout endemic to the Lahontan Basin of northeastern California, southeastern Oregon, and northern Nevada. Brook trout may displace Lahontan cutthroat trout through 2 mechanisms: interspecific predation and competition for food. To evaluate the evidence for these alternatives, we examined stomach contents of 30 trout of each species captured in the North Fork Humboldt River, northeastern Nevada, to compare number, size, and taxonomic composition of prey. Taxonomic dietary overlap was high (81.4%) between brook and Lahontan cutthroat …

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Full Issue, Vol. 60 No. 3 Aug 2000

Full Issue, Vol. 60 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Life History Variation In Recently Established Populations Of Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis), Craig A. Stockwell, Gary L. Vinyard Aug 2000

Life History Variation In Recently Established Populations Of Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis), Craig A. Stockwell, Gary L. Vinyard

Western North American Naturalist

We report life history characteristics for 4 recently established populations of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Mosquitofish from thermally stable habitats, Bonham and Garrett, were characterized by maturity at large sizes, high fat reserves, and large embryos. In contrast, females from a thermally unstable habitat, Wabuska, matured at small sizes and had low fat reserves and small embryos. Females from Parker, a site with no appreciable thermal input, matured at intermediate sizes and had low fat reserves as well as large embryos. These populations shared a common ancestor in 1937; therefore, these results suggest either phenotypic plasticity or rapid …

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Examining Ecological Consequences Of Feral Horse Grazing Using Exclosures, Erik A. Beever, Peter F. Brussard Aug 2000

Examining Ecological Consequences Of Feral Horse Grazing Using Exclosures, Erik A. Beever, Peter F. Brussard

Western North American Naturalist

Although feral horses have inhabited western North America since the end of the 16th century, relatively little synecological research has been conducted to quantitatively characterize how they interact with ecosystem components. Because feral horses exhibit watering behavior markedly different from that of domestic cattle, it is particularly important to evaluate response of ecosystem elements near water sources to horse use. To assess this response, we performed live-trapping of small mammals and 2-tiered vegetative sampling in 2 mountain ranges in central Nevada in the interior Great Basin, USA. At low elevations, plots around horse-excluded springs exhibited notably greater plant species richness, …

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Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Henshawi) Spawning And Downstream Migration Of Juveniles Into Summit Lake, Nevada, Gary L. Vinyard, Alice Winzeler Aug 2000

Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarki Henshawi) Spawning And Downstream Migration Of Juveniles Into Summit Lake, Nevada, Gary L. Vinyard, Alice Winzeler

Western North American Naturalist

The only remaining self-sustaining native population of lacustrine Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) not affected by nonnative salmonids is in Summit Lake, Humboldt County, Nevada. Annual spawning runs in 1993 and 1994 were monitored at a fish trap on Mahogany Creek, the only spawning tributary for Summit Lake. Number of spawners was similar in both years, with 1290 upstream migrants observed in 1993 and 1255 in 1994. In 1993, 137 postspawners (10.6% of upstream migrants) returned to the lake, and in 1994, 434 postspawners (34.6% of upstream migrants) returned downstream through the fish trap. Two distinct groups …

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Full Issue, Marriage &. Families Aug 2000

Full Issue, Marriage &. Families

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Consumer Marriage And Modern Covenant Marriage, William J. Doherty Aug 2000

Consumer Marriage And Modern Covenant Marriage, William J. Doherty

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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