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Long-Term Effects Of Tebuthiuron On Bromus Tectorum, Dana M. Blumenthal, Urszula Norton, Justin D. Derner, Jean D. Reeder Dec 2006

Long-Term Effects Of Tebuthiuron On Bromus Tectorum, Dana M. Blumenthal, Urszula Norton, Justin D. Derner, Jean D. Reeder

Western North American Naturalist

Use of herbicides to thin dense stands of Artemisia spp. (sagebrush) can free up resources for herbaceous plants and increase forage production, but may also facilitate weed invasion. We revisited a sagebrush thinning experiment in a north central Wyoming big sagebrush–grassland 11 years after application of tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-N′-dimethylurea) to determine the long-term responses of shrubs, available soil resources, perennial grasses, and Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome). Tebuthiuron reduced shrub cover by more than half, from 31% in untreated plots to 15% in treated plots (P = 0.002), and increased downy brome cover approximately 4-fold, from 0.9% in untreated plots …

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Invasion Biology: Critique Of A Pseudoscience By David Theodoropoulos, Howard Clark Dec 2006

Invasion Biology: Critique Of A Pseudoscience By David Theodoropoulos, Howard Clark

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Wildlife Use Of Douglas-Fir Dwarf Mistletoe Witches' Brooms In The Southwest, Shaula J. Hedwall, Robert L. Mathiasen Dec 2006

Wildlife Use Of Douglas-Fir Dwarf Mistletoe Witches' Brooms In The Southwest, Shaula J. Hedwall, Robert L. Mathiasen

Western North American Naturalist

We evaluated wildlife use of witches' brooms associated with infection by Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) in 6 mixed-conifer study areas in Arizona and 2 areas in New Mexico. We climbed 153 infected Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and examined 706 witches' brooms for evidence of wildlife use. Even though we observed evidence of use by birds, most wildlife use was by small mammals, particularly red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Red squirrels used witches' brooms for nesting, foraging, caching, and as latrines. Witches' brooms classified as Type II or III brooms, located close to the main bole …

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Brain Stimulation Reward Is Integrated By A Network Of Electrically-Coupled Gaba Neurons, Matthew Brian Lassen Dec 2006

Brain Stimulation Reward Is Integrated By A Network Of Electrically-Coupled Gaba Neurons, Matthew Brian Lassen

Theses and Dissertations

Although it is well-established that animals will self-stimulate electric current to various diverse brain structures, the neural substrate of brain stimulation reward (BSR) has eluded identification since its discovery more than a half-century ago. We show that GABA neurons in the midbrain, hypothalamus and thalamus express connexin-36 (Cx36) gap junctions and couple electrically with dopamine application or by stimulation of the internal capsule (IC), which also supports self-stimulation. The threshold for responding for self-stimulation of the IC is the threshold for coupling between these GABA neurons, the degree of responding for IC ICSS is proportional to the magnitude of electrical …

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Forage Adaptability Trials For Forage And Seed Production In Bolivia; Effect Of 5 Herbicides On 7 Native Utah Forbs, Joshua C. Voss Dec 2006

Forage Adaptability Trials For Forage And Seed Production In Bolivia; Effect Of 5 Herbicides On 7 Native Utah Forbs, Joshua C. Voss

Theses and Dissertations

The harsh environmental and poor economic conditions of the Bolivian Altiplano require intervention to assist many of those that live there to become economically self-sufficient. We attempted to find introduced dry season reserve forage grasses that could produce enough biomass to be useful as feed for livestock, and that could also produce enough seed to distribute to farmers. While some of the grasses produced reasonable amounts of biomass, none produced seed in quantities that would be even close to being economically viable. The most likely cause of this is that the timing of resources that the grasses need to flower …

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Using Social Network Analysis To Investigate Potential Bias In Editorial Peer Review In Core Journals Of Comparative/International Education, Biao Cheng Dec 2006

Using Social Network Analysis To Investigate Potential Bias In Editorial Peer Review In Core Journals Of Comparative/International Education, Biao Cheng

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores potential bias in the editorial peer-review system within the context of the field of comparative and international education. Assuming the role as “Guardian of Science” and “social status judge” (Zuckerman & Merton, 1971), peer-review, the quality control system of science, directly affects the growth of science, scientists' academic career and their institutions. The very basic tenet of the peer review system is its assumed objectivity. Bias in editorial peer review process, however, is inevitable. The constitution of the blind peer review mechanism is itself a simply undeniable acknowledgement of that fact. Therefore, this study investigated potential peer-review …

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The "Beautiful Death" In The Smith Family, Samuel Brown Dec 2006

The "Beautiful Death" In The Smith Family, Samuel Brown

BYU Studies

Despite thoughtful attempts by Douglas Davies to situate death at the center of the Mormon “culture of salvation,” the exploration of death in early Mormonism has been somewhat limited to date, particularly as it relates to the Smith family and the earliest years of Mormonism. Against this relative silence stands the testimony of the Smiths themselves, who were deeply concerned with questions of mortality. Joseph Smith was unequivocal on this point during his 1843 funeral sermon for James Adams: “All men know that all men must die. What is the object of our coming into existence then dying and falling …

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Full Issue, Byu Studies Dec 2006

Full Issue, Byu Studies

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

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In All Their Animal Brilliance. By Lance Larsen, Casualene Meyer Dec 2006

In All Their Animal Brilliance. By Lance Larsen, Casualene Meyer

BYU Studies

Lance Larsen. In All Their Animal Brilliance. Tampa, Fla.: University of Tampa Press, 2005.

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Once Upon A Time In A Single-Parent Family: Father And Daughter Relationships In Disney's The Little Mermaid And Beauty And The Beast, Ashli A. Sharp Dec 2006

Once Upon A Time In A Single-Parent Family: Father And Daughter Relationships In Disney's The Little Mermaid And Beauty And The Beast, Ashli A. Sharp

Theses and Dissertations

Fairy tales are adapted to fit the needs of each generation, reflecting the unique challenges of that society. In the 1980s and 1990s of the United States, issues of what constituted a family circulated as divorce increased and fatherhood was debated. At this time, Disney released two animated films featuring a father and daughter: The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast. Both films are adaptations of fairy tales, and they incorporate changes that specifically reflect concerns of the United States in the late-twentieth century. In the original narrative of "The Little Mermaid" the heroine is primarily raised by her …

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Moritz Busch's Die Mormonen And The Conversion Of Karl G. Maeser, A. Legrand Richards Dec 2006

Moritz Busch's Die Mormonen And The Conversion Of Karl G. Maeser, A. Legrand Richards

BYU Studies

Karl G. Maeser’s contributions to the education of nineteenth-century Latter-day Saints had a profound impact on the history of Mormonism, an impact that has reverberated to today. The narrative surrounding Maeser’s conversion has been told and retold for over a century now in the enculturation of students into Brigham Young University’s heritage. This essay seeks to better understand and contextualize the events surrounding Maeser’s conversion and, more specifically, to discuss the text that was most influential in his conversion—the less-than-friendly Die Mormonen by Moritz Busch (1821–99).

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Man Down South, Joseph B. Plicka Nov 2006

Man Down South, Joseph B. Plicka

Theses and Dissertations

In this novella the main character, David Crumm, is getting older and decides not to wait around and die on his frozen ranch, but to retire to warmer climates. He leaves everything with his daughter, gets in his truck and drives south with his dog. In Florida, he accidentally hits and kills a migrant woman on her bicycle. The woman has a young son who survives the accident and, through a number of converging factors, David is compelled to personally take the boy back to his relatives in Nicaragua. The book then deals with David's experiences as he heads farther …

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Fgf4 And Wnt5a/Pcp Signaling Promote Limb Outgrowth By Polarizing Limb Mesenchyme, Keri Lynn Low Nov 2006

Fgf4 And Wnt5a/Pcp Signaling Promote Limb Outgrowth By Polarizing Limb Mesenchyme, Keri Lynn Low

Theses and Dissertations

The focus of this study was to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mediate outgrowth of the limb. Specifically, we examined the epistatic relationship between FGF and Wnt/Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in establishing cell polarity as a mechanism for outgrowth. By implanting beads into embryonic limbs and lateral plate mesoderm, we established that FGF activates Wnt5a in a gradient fashion. Once it was established that Wnt5a was expressed at the right time and place to turn on PCP signaling, we investigated the ability of Wnt5a to influence cell migration and/or cell polarity. Our analysis …

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Effects Of Cheatgrass Control On Wyoming Big Sagebrush In Southeastern Utah, Daniel Blaine Eddington Nov 2006

Effects Of Cheatgrass Control On Wyoming Big Sagebrush In Southeastern Utah, Daniel Blaine Eddington

Theses and Dissertations

Critical mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) winter ranges in southeastern Utah dominated by Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis [Beetle and A. Young] Welsh) have developed dense cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) understories. These communities are currently characterized by predominately mature to decadent stands of sagebrush with few perennial grasses and forbs. Sagebrush seedlings and perennial grasses compete for limited resources with annual grasses and forbs. To determine the affects of cheatgrass control on sagebrush growth and reproductive characteristics, imazapic (PLATEAU®, AC 263,222) herbicide was sprayed at 438.5 ml/ha with water and methylated seed oil during active fall growth of cheatgrass …

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Defining The Components Of Academic Self-Efficacy In Navajo American Indian High School Students, Thomas R. Golightly Nov 2006

Defining The Components Of Academic Self-Efficacy In Navajo American Indian High School Students, Thomas R. Golightly

Theses and Dissertations

The academic difficulties experienced by a majority of Navajo American Indian students are well documented. Past research has focused on a variety of internal and external factors which possibly explain some of these difficulties. Low levels of academic self-efficacy (ASE) has been identified as one of the factors possibly contributing to lower than expected rates of academic achievement and low post-secondary education retention rates in this population. This investigation sought to further define the component structures of ASE using theoretical structures postulated by Bandura (1977a, 1997), namely: past success, modeling, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. Information about grade point averages …

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On-Line Electronic Document Collaboration And Annotation, Trev R. Harmon Nov 2006

On-Line Electronic Document Collaboration And Annotation, Trev R. Harmon

Theses and Dissertations

The Internet provides a powerful medium for communication and collaboration. The ability one has to connect and interact with web-based tools from anywhere in the world makes the Internet ideal for such tasks. However, the lack of native tools can be a hindrance when deploying collaborative initiatives, as many current projects require specialized software in order to operate. This thesis demonstrates, with the comparably recent advances in browser technology and Document Object Model (DOM) implementation, a web-based collaborative annotation system can be developed that can be accessed by a user through a standards-compliant web browser. Such a system, demonstrated to …

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption In The Reduction Of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Critical Appraisal, Katie J. Walker, A. Elaine Bond, Renea L. Beckstrand, Mary Williams Nov 2006

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption In The Reduction Of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Critical Appraisal, Katie J. Walker, A. Elaine Bond, Renea L. Beckstrand, Mary Williams

Faculty Publications

This article examines the effects of omega-3 fatty acid consumption in reducing sudden cardiac death risk, and provides useful dosing recommendations for patients–with or without a history of coronary heart disease–in a primary care practice.

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The Family History Artworks Of Valerie Atkisson, Josh E. Probert Sep 2006

The Family History Artworks Of Valerie Atkisson, Josh E. Probert

BYU Studies

Valerie Atkisson, an artist who lives in the Bronx, New York, exemplifies a generation of Mormon artists who are at home navigating the world of Contemporary art while maintaining their personal and spiritual identity. Family history, transgenerational inquiry, and relatedness have been the majority subjects of Atkisson’s work thus far. “What began as an interest in my ancestors has turned into an insatiable desire to know as much about them as possible,” she says. “[My work] is a continuation of them, not just that my flesh and blood are a part of them, but the remembrance is also an extension …

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The Interplay Between Forgiveness And Lost Opportunities, C. Robert Line Sep 2006

The Interplay Between Forgiveness And Lost Opportunities, C. Robert Line

Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel

No abstract provided.

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Reliquary, Shawn P. Bailey Sep 2006

Reliquary, Shawn P. Bailey

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

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City, Temple Stage: Eschatological Architecture And Litrugical Theatrics In New Spain. By Jaime Lara, Allen J. Christenson Sep 2006

City, Temple Stage: Eschatological Architecture And Litrugical Theatrics In New Spain. By Jaime Lara, Allen J. Christenson

BYU Studies

Jaime Lara. City, Temple, Stage: Eschatological Architecture and Liturgical Theatrics in New Spain. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2004.

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Book Notices, Craig Foster, Jana Lloyd, Liza Olsen, Nathan B. Orman, Josh E. Probert, James T. Summerhays Sep 2006

Book Notices, Craig Foster, Jana Lloyd, Liza Olsen, Nathan B. Orman, Josh E. Probert, James T. Summerhays

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

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A Jesuit Interpretaion Of Mid-Nineteenth-Century America: "Mormonism In Connection With Modern Protestantism", Mark A. Noll Sep 2006

A Jesuit Interpretaion Of Mid-Nineteenth-Century America: "Mormonism In Connection With Modern Protestantism", Mark A. Noll

BYU Studies

As historians of Mormonism have long since established, Europeans took note of Joseph Smith, the Book of Mormon, and the organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints almost from the beginning. Mormon missionaries, converts, and expatriates, as well as European visitors to the United States, put the church on the European map early on. The result was a great deal of animated European commentary on, interest in, and interaction with Mormonism itself. Such engagement was illustrated in 1854 when, after a decade in the United States, the ecclesiastical polymath Philip Schaff returned to his native German-speaking regions …

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Co-Variation In Soil Biodiversity And Biogeochemistry In Northern And Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, Byron J. Adams, J. E. Barrett, Ross A. Virginia, Diana H. Wall, S. C. Cary, A. L. Hacker, J. M. Aislabie Sep 2006

Co-Variation In Soil Biodiversity And Biogeochemistry In Northern And Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, Byron J. Adams, J. E. Barrett, Ross A. Virginia, Diana H. Wall, S. C. Cary, A. L. Hacker, J. M. Aislabie

Faculty Publications

Data from six sites in Victoria Land (72-77degrees S) investigating co-variation in soil communities (microbial and invertebrate) with biogeochemical properties show the influence of soil properties on habitat suitability varied among local landscapes as well as across climate gradients. Species richness of metazoan invertebrates (Nematoda, Tardigrada and Rotifera) was similar to previous descriptions in this region, though identification of three cryptic nematode species of Eudorylaimus through DNA analysis contributed to the understanding of controls over habitat preferences for individual species. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis profiles revealed unexpectedly high diversity of bacteria. Distribution of distinct bacterial communities was associated with specific …

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Construction Of A Col11a1 Transgene Vector, Cameron Mckell Beck Aug 2006

Construction Of A Col11a1 Transgene Vector, Cameron Mckell Beck

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Cartilage disorders affect millions of people in the United States alone, with effects ranging from poor skeletal development and joint pain to shortened lifespan and perinatal lethality. Many of these disorders have their root in defects of collagen, type XI collagen being among the most important. A mouse model of such a type XI collagen defect is the chondrodysplasia (cho) mutant. Mice homozygous for this null mutation in the Col11a1 gene do not express the α1 chain of type XI collagen. This results in a functional knockout of type XI collagen, leading to insufficient skeletal development and perinatal lethality. …

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Vision-Based Rendering: Using Computational Stereo To Actualize Ibr View Synthesis, Kevin L. Steele Aug 2006

Vision-Based Rendering: Using Computational Stereo To Actualize Ibr View Synthesis, Kevin L. Steele

Theses and Dissertations

Computer graphics imagery (CGI) has enabled many useful applications in training, defense, and entertainment. One such application, CGI simulation, is a real-time system that allows users to navigate through and interact with a virtual rendition of an existing environment. Creating such systems is difficult, but particularly burdensome is the task of designing and constructing the internal representation of the simulation content. Authoring this content on a computer usually requires great expertise and many man-hours of labor. Computational stereo and image-based rendering offer possibilities to automatically create simulation content without user assistance. However, these technologies have largely been limited to creating …

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Effects Of Anthropogenic Land Use On Odonata In Playas Of The Southern High Plains, K. M. Hernandez, B. A. Reece, N. E. Mcintyre Aug 2006

Effects Of Anthropogenic Land Use On Odonata In Playas Of The Southern High Plains, K. M. Hernandez, B. A. Reece, N. E. Mcintyre

Western North American Naturalist

Playas are ephemeral wetlands that are the only source of aboveground freshwater in the southern Great Plains, making them of vital importance to aquatic and amphibious animals. Playas are also highly threatened from anthropogenic land use (chiefly agriculture, which decreases hydroperiod through increased sedimentation). We examined community structure of adult odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) in playas differing in the 2 main regional forms of surrounding land use (cropland vs. grassland). Analysis of odonate diversity revealed high overlap between cropland and grassland playas. Traditional species-area theory did not fit observed patterns, as there appears to be a threshold playa size that …

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Plant Composition And Erosion Potential Of A Grazed Wetland In The Salmon River Subbasin, Idaho, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Joan Q. Wu, Richard A. Gill Aug 2006

Plant Composition And Erosion Potential Of A Grazed Wetland In The Salmon River Subbasin, Idaho, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Joan Q. Wu, Richard A. Gill

Western North American Naturalist

Wetlands are dynamic habitats with many unique, important functions including filtering sediments and providing diverse habitats for fish and wildlife. Wetlands in the western United States are particularly important because they offer habitat for a number of protected runs of endangered fish species. Historically, livestock grazing has altered wetland and riparian area form and function by facilitating exotic species invasions, altering spatial heterogeneity of vegetation, and increasing erosion. In this study we examined vegetation structure and erosion potential in a wetland meadow exposed to unregulated grazing along Deer Creek in the Salmon River subbasin, Idaho. We characterized the vegetation composition …

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Survival And Reproduction Of Translocated Eastern Wild Turkeys In A Sparsely Wooded Landscape In Northeastern South Dakota, Roger D. Shields, Lester D. Flake Aug 2006

Survival And Reproduction Of Translocated Eastern Wild Turkeys In A Sparsely Wooded Landscape In Northeastern South Dakota, Roger D. Shields, Lester D. Flake

Western North American Naturalist

We studied the survival and reproduction of a newly introduced population of Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) during 1999 and 2000 to determine the adaptability of this subspecies to a minimally wooded (<10%) region located north of their recorded historic distribution in South Dakota. During 1999 and 2000, the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (SDGFP) released 111 female and 25 male turkeys from Iowa and Kentucky onto a study area in northeastern South Dakota. We used radio telemetry to monitor survival and reproduction of the females for 2 years after their initial release. Annual survival for 71 females averaged 67%. Seasonal survival was lowest in fall and highest in winter. Mortality agents included avian and mammalian predators, haying equipment, automobiles, and unknown causes. Nesting rate for the 2 years averaged 93%, and renesting rate of turkeys with failed 1st-nest attempts averaged 45%. Nest success for all nests was 50%, and 62% of females attempting to nest each year were successful in at least 1 attempt. Predation was the primary cause of nest failure during both years. Overall, 72% of brooding females successfully raised ≥1 poult to 4 weeks post-hatch while individual poult survival to 4 weeks post-hatch averaged 36%. Despite <10% woodland cover, Eastern Wild Turkeys appeared to thrive in a glacial escarpment topography north of their historic range in the northern plains.

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Habitat Affinities Of Rodents In Northeastern Nevada Rangeland Communities, J. Kent Mcadoo, Mack R. Barrington, Mark A. Ports Aug 2006

Habitat Affinities Of Rodents In Northeastern Nevada Rangeland Communities, J. Kent Mcadoo, Mack R. Barrington, Mark A. Ports

Western North American Naturalist

From May 1978 through September 1980, baseline data for rodent populations were collected by livetrapping in the Saval Ranch area of northeastern Nevada. The objectives of this study were to determine species composition and relative abundance of rodents for the various range sites. The 3 most abundant and uniformly distributed species were deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), Great Basin pocket mice (Perognathus parvus), and least chipmunks (Neotamias minimus). Relative abundance indices and densities reported for most species were similar to those reported in other multiyear studies at similar sites. The composition and relative abundance / …

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