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Advancing Phage Genomics And Honeybee Health Through Discovery And Characterization Of Paenibacillaceae Bacteriophages, Bryan Douglas Merrill Jun 2015

Advancing Phage Genomics And Honeybee Health Through Discovery And Characterization Of Paenibacillaceae Bacteriophages, Bryan Douglas Merrill

Theses and Dissertations

The Paenibacillaceae family of bacteria includes two species known to infect the hives of honeybees, Paenibacillus larvae and Brevibacillus laterosporus. P. larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) causes a lethal infection of honeybee larvae, while B. laterosporus is a secondary invader following European Foulbrood (EFB) infection. Increasing antibiotic resistance of P. larvae bacteria has prompted a search for alternative treatment methods for this disease. Bacteriophages are the most diverse life forms on earth and can provide important insights about the bacterial hosts they infect. However, few Paenibacillaceae phages have been isolated or characterized. In this study, the first …

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Testing The Pub Principle: A Look At Push And Pull Communication On Facebook, Tyler Grant Page Jun 2015

Testing The Pub Principle: A Look At Push And Pull Communication On Facebook, Tyler Grant Page

Theses and Dissertations

This research tests the value of push and pull communication on Facebook in the first effort to test the validity of the Pub Principle and Social Intrusion Theory. This theory explains how audiences engage in a tug-of-war with commercial forces during mass communication and that commercial messaging is ultimately dependent upon the acceptance or rejection of its intended audience. The pub principle explains that social media is unlike traditional mass media and that the rules commercial forces must play by are different than for other mass media. Using a mixed-method approach, this research confirms the validity of this principle and …

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Environmental And Adaptive Buffers That Mediate The Response Of Subalpine Ecosystems To Environmental Change, Lafe G. Conner Jun 2015

Environmental And Adaptive Buffers That Mediate The Response Of Subalpine Ecosystems To Environmental Change, Lafe G. Conner

Student Works

This document reports the results of 4 studies of subalpine ecosystem ecology, describing ways that spatial heterogeneity in soils and plant communities mediate ecosystem responses to environmental change. Ecosystem responses to environmental change are also mediated by regional climate patterns and interannual variability in weather. In the first chapter we report the results of an experiment to test for the mediating effects of associational resistance in a forest community that experienced wide-spread beetle kill. We found that Engelmann spruce were more likely to survive a beetle outbreak when growing in low densities (host dilution) and not through other types of …

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Literatura De Cordel: Vozes Da Identidade E Um Breve Estudo Memorialí­Stico, Sônia Pereira Homolka Jun 2015

Literatura De Cordel: Vozes Da Identidade E Um Breve Estudo Memorialí­Stico, Sônia Pereira Homolka

Theses and Dissertations

String Literature is a popular form of poetry produced mainly in the northeastern section of Brazil. Heir to the orality of the Portuguese ballads, cordel took root particularly in the northeastern country side of Brazil and for historical and social factors spread throughout the country. This study intends to revisit the main studies done on string literature to analyze its development in Brazil, to highlight cordel's enormous contribution as popular art, memory and identity, in the construction process of the Brazilian Northeastern people.

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Isolation And Host Range Of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteriophages And Use For Decontamination Of Fomites, Kyle C. Jensen Jun 2015

Isolation And Host Range Of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteriophages And Use For Decontamination Of Fomites, Kyle C. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium found on the skin and mucosal membranes of about 20% of the population. S. aureus growth on the skin is harmless, but if it bypasses the skin it can causes life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, and sepsis. Antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus, called Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are resistant to most antibiotics except vancomycin. However, vancomycin resistant strains of MRSA are becoming more common. In this study, 12 phages were isolated capable of infecting human S. aureus and/or MRSA strains. Five phages were discovered through mitomycin C induction of prophages and …

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Estimating Pinyon And Juniper Cover Across Utah Using Naip Imagery, Darrell B. Roundy Jun 2015

Estimating Pinyon And Juniper Cover Across Utah Using Naip Imagery, Darrell B. Roundy

Theses and Dissertations

Expansion of Pinus L. (pinyon) and Juniperus L. (juniper) (P-J) trees into sagebrush (Artemisia L.) steppe communities can lead to negative effects on hydrology, loss of wildlife habitat, and a decrease in desirable understory vegetation. Tree reduction treatments are often implemented to mitigate these negative effects. In order to prioritize and effectively plan these treatments, rapid, accurate, and inexpensive methods are needed to estimate tree canopy cover at the landscape scale. We used object based image analysis (OBIA) software (Feature AnalystTM for ArcMap 10.1®, ENVI Feature Extraction®, and Trimble eCognition Developer 8.2®) to extract tree canopy cover using NAIP (National …

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Finnishness And Colonization In Akseli Gallen-Kallela's Representations Of Africa, Camille Kathryn Richey Jun 2015

Finnishness And Colonization In Akseli Gallen-Kallela's Representations Of Africa, Camille Kathryn Richey

Theses and Dissertations

Akseli Gallen-Kallela is often discussed as the national painter of Finland, as one who helped define Finnishness when Finland was still a colonized area of Russia. However, his trip to Africa from 1909-1911 shows where Gallen-Kallela acts as a pictorial colonizer himself, not only sympathizing with the Africans but representing them through a European cosmopolitan lens, as purer and closer to nature, but still inferior. The assumptions inherent in his representations of Africa reveal that Gallen-Kallela is not only a colonized subject but a colonizer of his own country.

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Tethys Platform: A Development And Hosting Platform For Water Resources Web Apps, Nathan R. Swain Jun 2015

Tethys Platform: A Development And Hosting Platform For Water Resources Web Apps, Nathan R. Swain

Theses and Dissertations

The interactive nature of web applications or “web apps” makes it an excellent medium for conveying complex scientific concepts to lay audiences and creating decision support tools that harness cutting edge modeling techniques. However, the technical expertise required to develop them represents a barrier for would-be developers. The barrier can be characterized by the following hurdles that developers must overcome: (1) identify, select, and install software that meet the spatial and computational capabilities commonly required for water resources modeling; (2) orchestrate the use of multiple FOSS and FOSS4G projects and navigate their differing application programming interfaces (APIs); (3) learn the …

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Aerobic Fitness, Executive Control, And Emotion Regulation In Preadolescent Children, Mark A. Lott Jun 2015

Aerobic Fitness, Executive Control, And Emotion Regulation In Preadolescent Children, Mark A. Lott

Theses and Dissertations

The present study evaluated direct and indirect associations between aerobic fitness, executive control, and emotion regulation among a sample of children aged 8-12 years. To evaluate these associations, the study employed a cross-sectional design and full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) structural equation modeling. Although the hypothesized factor analytic model failed to converge, an alternative exploratory model allowed for the evaluation of associations between primary study variables. Results supported a moderate direct association between childhood aerobic fitness and executive control, a strong direct negative association between executive control and emotion regulation, and a moderate indirect association between aerobic fitness and emotion regulation …

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Environmental And Adaptive Buffers That Mediate The Response Of Subalpine Ecosystems To Environmental Change, Lafe G. Conner Jun 2015

Environmental And Adaptive Buffers That Mediate The Response Of Subalpine Ecosystems To Environmental Change, Lafe G. Conner

Theses and Dissertations

This document reports the results of 4 studies of subalpine ecosystem ecology, describing ways that spatial heterogeneity in soils and plant communities mediate ecosystem responses to environmental change. Ecosystem responses to environmental change are also mediated by regional climate patterns and interannual variability in weather. In the first chapter we report the results of an experiment to test for the mediating effects of associational resistance in a forest community that experienced wide-spread beetle kill. We found that Engelmann spruce were more likely to survive a beetle outbreak when growing in low densities (host dilution) and not through other types of …

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Baby Boomers And The Vietnam War: A Life Course Approach To Aging Vietnam Veterans, Miles Steven Marsala Jun 2015

Baby Boomers And The Vietnam War: A Life Course Approach To Aging Vietnam Veterans, Miles Steven Marsala

Theses and Dissertations

The sheer size of the baby boomer cohort has prompted a great deal of research on life outcomes and potential social strain or benefit of such a large cohort. A major contingency for the baby boomers was the experience of the Vietnam War. Many young men had their life course trajectories interrupted when they were drafted to military service or enrolled in college in an effort to evade the draft. This study uses the Life Family Legacies data to investigate how the Vietnam War may have affected later-life health outcomes of this cohort. Comparing physical health as captured by activities …

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Expected Profiles And Temporal Stability Of The Look, Sierra Marie Baird Jun 2015

Expected Profiles And Temporal Stability Of The Look, Sierra Marie Baird

Theses and Dissertations

The LOOK is an iOS based iPad app designed to measure viewing time as an estimate of sexual interest. Participants used a 7-point Likert scale to rate 154 images based on sexual attractiveness. The images belonged to 14 differentiated gender and age categories from infants to elderly adults. Before rating each image participants were asked to complete an additional task of locating and touching a small dot found in one of the four corners of the screen. This was included to make sure that participants we attending to each image, and to add another level of information to the results.The …

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Fecal Glucocorticoid Levels Of Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes (Vulpes Macrotis Mutica) In Natural And Urban Habitats, Julia L. Nelson, Scott Creel, Brian L. Cypher May 2015

Fecal Glucocorticoid Levels Of Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes (Vulpes Macrotis Mutica) In Natural And Urban Habitats, Julia L. Nelson, Scott Creel, Brian L. Cypher

Western North American Naturalist

Animals that are exposed to environmental stressors may experience chronically elevated glucocorticoid (GC) levels, which can lead to deleterious effects such as immune and reproductive system suppression. Such effects are of special concern in rare species. We measured fecal GC concentrations in endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) to assess stress responses in natural and urban habitats. Basal GC levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among urban foxes (5.3 ± 2.2 ng cortisol/g dry feces; n = 32) than among foxes in natural habitats (4.7 ± 0.5 ng cortisol/g dry feces; n = 179). In the natural habitat, potential stressors included predation risk, particularly in areas …

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Antioxidant Capacity Of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata Ssp. Wyomingensis) Varies Spatially And Is Not Related To The Presence Of A Sagebrush Dietary Specialist, Xinzhu Pu, Lisa Lam, Kristina Gehlken, Amy C. Ulappa, Janet L. Rachlow, Jennifer Sorensen Forbey May 2015

Antioxidant Capacity Of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata Ssp. Wyomingensis) Varies Spatially And Is Not Related To The Presence Of A Sagebrush Dietary Specialist, Xinzhu Pu, Lisa Lam, Kristina Gehlken, Amy C. Ulappa, Janet L. Rachlow, Jennifer Sorensen Forbey

Western North American Naturalist

Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) in North America is an abundant native plant species that is ecologically and evolutionarily adapted to have a diverse array of biologically active chemicals. Several of these chemicals, specifically polyphenols, have antioxidant activity that may act as biomarkers of biotic or abiotic stress. This study investigated the spatial variation of antioxidant capacity, as well as the relationship between a mammalian herbivore and antioxidant capacity in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis). We quantified and compared total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts from sagebrush plants from different spatial scales and at different levels …

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Effects Of Ungulate Disturbance And Weather Variation On Pediocactus Winkleri: Insights From Long-Term Monitoring, Deborah J. Clark, Thomas O. Clark, Michael C. Duniway, Cody Flagg May 2015

Effects Of Ungulate Disturbance And Weather Variation On Pediocactus Winkleri: Insights From Long-Term Monitoring, Deborah J. Clark, Thomas O. Clark, Michael C. Duniway, Cody Flagg

Western North American Naturalist

Population dynamics and effects of large ungulate disturbances on Winkler cactus (Pediocactus winkleri K.D. Heil) were documented annually over a 20-year time span at one plot within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. This cactus species was federally listed as threatened in 1998. The study began in 1995 to gain a better understanding of life history aspects and threats to this species. Data were collected annually in early spring and included diameter, condition, reproductive structures, mortality, recruitment, and disturbance by large ungulates. We used odds ratio and probability model analyses to determine effects of large ungulate trampling and weather on …

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An Assessment Of Metrics To Measure Seasonal Variation In And Grazing Effects On Riparian Plant Communities, Caroline M. Laine, Karin M. Kettenring, Brett B. Roper May 2015

An Assessment Of Metrics To Measure Seasonal Variation In And Grazing Effects On Riparian Plant Communities, Caroline M. Laine, Karin M. Kettenring, Brett B. Roper

Western North American Naturalist

Several riparian plant community and streambank metrics were evaluated in 5 streams subject to grazing on public lands in central eastern Idaho. In this study, we evaluated 3 attributes associated with the ground cover on streambanks: percent cover of live vegetation, litter, and bare ground; and we evaluated 4 attributes that describe the vegetation community: plant species richness, wetland index value, percent cover of forbs, and percent cover of graminoids. We were particularly interested in how these attributes differed between grazed and ungrazed sites, how the attributes changed through time, and ultimately how the attributes were able to discriminate the …

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Population Characteristics Of Big-Brown Bat And Arizona Myotis Using Artificial Roosting Structures In Northern Arizona, Joel M. Diamond, R. Nathan Gwinn, Janet Johnson, Hannah Telle, Gabrielle F. Diamond May 2015

Population Characteristics Of Big-Brown Bat And Arizona Myotis Using Artificial Roosting Structures In Northern Arizona, Joel M. Diamond, R. Nathan Gwinn, Janet Johnson, Hannah Telle, Gabrielle F. Diamond

Western North American Naturalist

Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and a close relative of Arizona myotis (Myotis occultus), the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) in the eastern United States, are among those species experiencing unprecedented population declines related to white-nose syndrome (WNS). Determining population characteristic baselines for big brown bat and Arizona myotis is paramount in detecting population declines before they reach critical levels. We targeted 2 bat species strongly associated with ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona. Big brown bats and Arizona myotis readily utilize human-made structures and have a cosmopolitan distribution across the ponderosa pine ( …

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Ten Thousand Birds: Ornithology Since Darwin By Tim Birkhead, Jo Wimpenny, And Bob Montgomerie, Howard O. Clark Jr. May 2015

Ten Thousand Birds: Ornithology Since Darwin By Tim Birkhead, Jo Wimpenny, And Bob Montgomerie, Howard O. Clark Jr.

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Baselines To Detect Population Stability Of Threatened Alpine Plant Packera Franciscana (Asteraceae), James F. Fowler, Carolyn Hull Sieg, Shaula Hedwall May 2015

Baselines To Detect Population Stability Of Threatened Alpine Plant Packera Franciscana (Asteraceae), James F. Fowler, Carolyn Hull Sieg, Shaula Hedwall

Western North American Naturalist

Population size and density estimates have traditionally been acceptable ways to track species’ response to changing environments; however, species’ population centroid elevation has recently been an equally important metric. Packera franciscana (Greene) W.A. Weber and Á. Löve (Asteraceae; San Francisco Peaks ragwort) is a single mountain endemic plant found only in upper treeline and alpine talus habitats of the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona and is listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a Threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. We used 2 recreational trails, which pass through its elevational distribution in the Kachina Peaks Wilderness …

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Use Of Humanized Mice To Study The Production Of Human Antibodies, Steven Hallam, Dr. Bradford Berges May 2015

Use Of Humanized Mice To Study The Production Of Human Antibodies, Steven Hallam, Dr. Bradford Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The human immune system is composed of two main subsets: innate and adaptive immunities. Among the adaptive immune cells, B cells play a vital role in stopping infectious agents through the production of antigen specific antibodies. Human B cells are important targets of infection for many human-specific viruses that are poorly understood. Since the infection and study of human subjects is not possible, animal models have been developed to mimic the human immune environment. Rag2-/-γc-/- mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells produce human B lymphocytes and these cells are capable of mounting antigen-specific human antibody responses. However, there is …

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Mapping The Trigeminal Nerve, Kinnison Edmunds, Dr. Jonathan Wisco May 2015

Mapping The Trigeminal Nerve, Kinnison Edmunds, Dr. Jonathan Wisco

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of my project was to create a data-driven, three-dimensional map of the human trigeminal nerve from the trigeminal ganglion to the ends of its major pathways throughout the face and head. The purpose was to test conventional wisdom regarding the pathways of the trigeminal nerve and expose any inconsistencies between artistic representations and a data-driven mapping of the nerve. It was my hypothesis that by comparing my completed nerve map to the currently accepted anatomy literature, I will be able to challenge existing discrepancies and improve the validity of current anatomical representations.

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Microarchitectural Analysis Of The Ulnar Collateral Ligament To Inform Its Reconstruction, Jakob Gamboa, Dr. Jonathan Wisco May 2015

Microarchitectural Analysis Of The Ulnar Collateral Ligament To Inform Its Reconstruction, Jakob Gamboa, Dr. Jonathan Wisco

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Ligaments are specialized connective tissues that stabilize the different synovial joints found in the body. Ligaments consist of fibroblast cells surrounded by a framework of dense fibrous bands of collagen, which anchor to bones to provide support and elasticity. Their varying biomechanical functions in different locations of the body require diversity in matrix composition, shape, density, and arrangement to adapt to the complex functions they perform. These characteristics may even vary within different regions of the same ligament. Damage to ligaments compromises integrity and movement of the joint and can lead to serious complications.

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Do Differently Managed Dairy Cows With Production-Related Metabolic Diseases Have Similar Protein And Fat Species In Colostrum And Milk?, Holly Martin, Dr. Beverly Roeder May 2015

Do Differently Managed Dairy Cows With Production-Related Metabolic Diseases Have Similar Protein And Fat Species In Colostrum And Milk?, Holly Martin, Dr. Beverly Roeder

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Production-related metabolic diseases (PRMDs) in dairy cows threaten the livelihood of the animals as well as the productivity and success of the dairy industry. Because dairy cows supply an important food source for humans, understanding, managing, and preventing these diseases protects this source. Management and prevention of these diseases would increase production and profit margins for the dairy industry.

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Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine And Gaba Neurons: Physiological Properties And Expression Of Mrna For Endocannabinoid Biosynthetic Enzymes And Type I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, Zachary Hopkins, Jeffrey G. Edwards May 2015

Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine And Gaba Neurons: Physiological Properties And Expression Of Mrna For Endocannabinoid Biosynthetic Enzymes And Type I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, Zachary Hopkins, Jeffrey G. Edwards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The ventral tegmental area or VTA is considered to be one of the foremost centers involved in motivation and reward processing in the brain [1]. This area is also heavily implicated in addiction. However, little is known in regards to the exact cell types and subtypes found there, or the types of signaling that occur. We were interested in investigating the possibility of retrograde signaling among the two predominant cell groups in the VTA: GABA and dopamine neurons. Both cell types can be acted on by drugs of abuse, either to directly affect DA release or indirectly through GABA cells …

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Novel Comet Assay Identifies Preliminary Dna Damage Prior To Cell Apoptosis In Mouse Model Of Rage Over-Expression, Steven Knapp, Paul Reynolds May 2015

Novel Comet Assay Identifies Preliminary Dna Damage Prior To Cell Apoptosis In Mouse Model Of Rage Over-Expression, Steven Knapp, Paul Reynolds

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this project was to characterize the predisposing susceptibility of mice that overexpress receptors for advanced gylcation end products (RAGE) to apoptosis (cell death) and autophagy. Work has already been done to characterize this mouse model as pro-apoptotic; this new project will allow us to identify powerful markers that track DNA damage prior to cell death. RAGE is found in the lungs and aids in the transitioning of cell types (Reynolds P et Al., 2011). The expression of RAGE increases during instances of disease including COPD, diabetes, and lung cancer (Celli BR et Al., 2004, Wu L et …

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Did Tardigrades Survive The Last Glacial Maximum In Antarctica?, Caj Johansson, Byron Adams May 2015

Did Tardigrades Survive The Last Glacial Maximum In Antarctica?, Caj Johansson, Byron Adams

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The current belief of the majority of glaciologists is that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), 17,000-22000 years ago, the entire Antarctic continent was completely covered in ice (Convey, 2008). This would mean that all terrestrial organisms would have died out during this time, essentially leaving Antarctica without life. If this hypothesis is true then all terrestrial organisms found currently in Antarctica arrived after the LGM (the past 12-18,000 years), a very short time frame for speciation to occur. Tardigrades are microscopic terrestrial animals that are most closely related to Arthropods and Nematodes (Edgecombe, 2011 but see also Longhorn, 2007). …

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Analysis Of The Adjuvant Effect Of Vitamin D3 In Enhancing Mucosal Immune Responses, Cameron Sargent, Dr. Eric Wilson May 2015

Analysis Of The Adjuvant Effect Of Vitamin D3 In Enhancing Mucosal Immune Responses, Cameron Sargent, Dr. Eric Wilson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Because skin provides an effective physical barrier, most pathogens that invade the body do so at mucosal sites like the nose and mouth. As such, finding methods of improving mucosal immunity is key to providing greater defense against communicable diseases, the cause of approximately one-quarter of all deaths worldwide [1]. Improving vaccination, the technique in which the body is exposed to a weakened or nonvirulent dosage of a pathogen or toxin to promote an immune response specific to that foreign material, is a potential way of enhancing mucosal immunity. Vaccination has been used for several decades in medicine, nearly eradicating …

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C-Fos Enhances Functional Β-Cell Mass, Jason Ray, Jeffery Tessem May 2015

C-Fos Enhances Functional Β-Cell Mass, Jason Ray, Jeffery Tessem

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are major global health concerns. Both types of diabetes result in loss of functional β-cell mass, which is defined as the β-cell number multiplied by insulin secretion rate. The number of β-cells is derived from the cellular proliferation and death rates. Increasing functional β-cell mass could cure diabetes through pancreatic islet transplants or by strengthening endogenous cells. Various groups have shown that the β-cells proliferation rate is extremely low after adolescence in the majority of the population. However, β-cell proliferation has been shown to increase during physiological conditions such as pregnancy and obesity (1). …

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Paleopathologies Of A Nabataean Burial Site, Mariana L. F. Castroand, Dr. David Johnson May 2015

Paleopathologies Of A Nabataean Burial Site, Mariana L. F. Castroand, Dr. David Johnson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this project was to examine the paleopathologies of Nabataean burial remains, with emphasis on the osteological evidences for diet, sex and age. The main goal of Archaeology is to uncover the past. However, this cannot be done if scholars and students do not engage in the process of excavation, analysis and consequent publication of the results. This project was important insofar that it put forward a better understanding of Nabataean burial practices and their treatment of the dead. This study can also help us better understand human limitations and past socio-cultural dilemmas, including gender related issues, political …

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The Countering Effects Of Exercise On Stress Reduced Long-Term Potentiation In Mouse Hippocampi, Jacob Trotter, Dr. Jerffrey Edwards May 2015

The Countering Effects Of Exercise On Stress Reduced Long-Term Potentiation In Mouse Hippocampi, Jacob Trotter, Dr. Jerffrey Edwards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The hippocampus is an area of the brain that mediates learning and memory by changing the properties of synapses between its neurons. This ability of synapses to change is known as synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP), a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons, is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity and is the cellular correlate of memory and learning. Several studies of LTP in mice show that there is a marked impairment of LTP in hippocampal slices taken from rodents exposed to stress. Their data suggests that stress may lead to deficits in learning and memory. In …

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