Digital Commons Network^™

Younger And Older Coastal Fishers Face Catastrophic Loss After Hurricane Katrina, Katie E. Cherry, Loren D. Marks, Rachel Adamek, Bethany A. Lyon

Faculty Publications

Hurricanes are associated with environmental destruction and traumatic stress for directly affected communities. In this chapter, we compare and contrast younger and older commercial fishers from two south Louisiana coastal parishes (counties) who experienced profound losses in the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Content analysis of narrative data based on open-ended interview questions yielded three core themes: (1) Materialism and True Colors Revealed: Despicable Deeds and Acts of Grace after the Storm, (2) Helping Efforts Across Denominations: God was Using his People to help His [Other] People, and (3) Historical Ties that Bind: Old Roots and New Connections. Themes 1 …

Estimating Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) Abundance Using Noninvasive Sampling At A Mineral Lick Within A National Park Wilderness Area, Kathryn A. Schoenecker, Mary Kay Watry, Laura E. Ellison, Michael K. Schwartz, Gordon Luikart

Western North American Naturalist

Conservation of species requires accurate population estimates. We used genetic markers from feces to determine bighorn sheep abundance for a herd that was hypothesized to be declining and in need of population status monitoring. We sampled from a small but accessible portion of the population’s range where animals naturally congregate at a natural mineral lick to test whether we could accurately estimate population size by sampling from an area where animals concentrate. We used mark-recapture analysis to derive population estimates, and compared estimates from this smaller spatial sampling to estimates from sampling of the entire bighorn sheep range. We found …

Assessment Of The Immediate Impacts Of The 2013–2014 Drought On Ecosystems Of The California Central Coast, Christopher Potter

Western North American Naturalist

A methodology was developed to assess the impacts of the historic 2013–2014 drought on ecosystems of California’s Central Coast region, using a combination of satellite image analysis and in situ measurements of soil moisture in predominant vegetation types of the region. According to differences in Landsat drought indices for plant water stress and vegetation green cover (NDWI and NDVI, respectively), the geographic areas within the study region that were most severely impacted by the 2013 drought were the inland Carmel Valley in northern Monterey County and the coastal zones around San Simeon Point and Cambria in northern San Luis Obispo …

Genetic Characterization Of Two Populations Of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout In Great Basin National Park, Usa, Derek D. Houston, R. Paul Evans, Jared M. Crowley, Dennis K. Shiozawa

Western North American Naturalist

The cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) is a popular sport fish that is native to the waters of western North America. Cutthroat trout comprises many subspecies, each of which has experienced range reduction resulting from anthropogenic activities. Hence, there is a general interest from management agencies to assess the genetic structure of managed populations of cutthroat trout subspecies to ensure that proper conservation plans are implemented. Herein, we utilize microsatellite data to characterize the genetic composition of 2 populations of Bonneville cutthroat trout in Great Basin National Park: Mill Creek and South Fork Big Wash. Mill Creek was used …

Conspecific Pollen Loads On Insects From Prunus Fasciculata (Rosaceae) Female Flowers In Southern Nevada, William D. Wiesenborn

Western North American Naturalist

Desert almond, Prunus fasciculata (Rosaceae), is a Mojave Desert shrub that primarily produces male and female flowers on different plants. I investigated the plant’s pollination by examining pollen loads on insects aspirated from female flowers on 3 dioecious shrubs, growing near male-flowering shrubs, at one locality in southern Nevada during March 2014. Pollen loads were analyzed on 9 species of Diptera in Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Calliphoridae, and Tachinidae and 4 species of Hymenoptera in Andrenidae (all female Andrena). All but 4 of the 65 flies and 38 bees aspirated carriedP. fasciculata pollen grains, recognized by their tricolpate shape in …

Morphology And Sexual Dimorphism Of The Many-Lined Skink In North Central New Mexico, Charles D. Hathcock, Marjorie A. Wright, Donald S. Sias, Gilbert J. Gonzales

Western North American Naturalist

In 2001 and 2002, a study of many-lined skinks (Plestiodon multivirgatus) was conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory biologists in north-central New Mexico to determine means and ranges for several morphological characters and to test for sexual dimorphism. Over both years, there were 539 new captures of many-lined skinks, which included 131 hatchlings. The earliest hatchling capture was on 19 June and the latest capture was on 31 August. Hatchling captures peaked on 1 August in 2001 and 6 August in 2002. The age class, sex, snout–vent length (SVL), tail length (TL), mass, head length (HL), and head …

Sliding Bones: Movement Of Skeletal Material Over Smith Creek Playa In Nevada And Its Taphonomic And Paleontologic Implications, George D. Baumgardner, Brian S. Shaffer

Western North American Naturalist

In July 2013, a unique type of movement was noted of cattle (Bos taurus) bones across the surface of Smith Creek Valley Playa, in central Nevada. Portions of 3 skeletal elements and 2 sections of articulated elements were found at the ends of shallow, linear, furrow-like trails inscribed in the playa surface. These trails, with their skeletal material, are similar to those produced by the phenomenon described as “racing” or “sailing rocks” that is best documented from Racetrack Playa in Death Valley, California. As has been recently observed for the rocks of Racetrack Playa, the material here was …

Looking For The Silver Lining: Benefit Finding After Hurricanes Katrina And Rita In Middle-Aged, Older, And Oldest-Old Adults, Katie E. Stanko, Katie E. Cherry, Kyle S. Ryker, Farra Mughal, Loren D. Marks, Jennifer Silva Brown, Patricia F. Gendusa, Marisa C. Sullivan, John Bruner, David A. Welsh, L. Joseph Su, S. Michael Jazwinski

Faculty Publications

Looking for potentially positive outcomes is one way that people cope with stressful events. In two studies, we examined perceived “silver linings” after the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita among indirectly affected adults. In Study 1, middle-aged (ages 47–64 years), older (ages 65–89 years), and oldest-old (ages 90–95 years) adults in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (LHAS) responded to an open-ended question on perceived silver linings in a longitudinal assessment carried out during the immediate impact (1 to 4 months after landfall) and post-disaster recovery phase (6 to 14 months post-storm). Qualitative grounded theory methods were employed to analyze these …

Vitamin D Deficiency And Infertility: A Systematic Review, Susanne Stoddard Sollis

Student Works

Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the body. In recent years, studies have been conducted examining the role vitamin D plays in reproduction. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with infertility, decreased pregnancy rates, and hormonal changes. Asians appear to have a reverse correlation with pregnancy rates and vitamin D levels. There are some conflicting studies regarding vitamin D levels in relationship to infertility. This paper reviews the most recent literature focusing on the relationship between vitamin D status and infertility. This review evidences vitamin D levels >30 ng/mL result in improved fertility outcomes.

Tissue Engineering And Regenerative Medicine, Alonzo Cook

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Modification of animal organs and tissues such as heart, kidney, nerve, blood vessel, eye, and pancreas, through processes of decellularization and recellularization to replace malfunctioning human organs and tissues.

Molecular Pathways Of Beta-Cell Function And Proliferation, Jeffery S. Tessem

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Areas of Interest: Delineating the molecular pathways that increase β-cell proliferation; enhance glucose stimulated insulin secretion; protection against β-cell death; effects of maternal environment, aging and nutrients on functional β-cell mass

Byu Mri Research Facility, Neal Bangerter, C. Brock Kirwan, Erin Bigler, Jonathan Wisco

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Capabilities and limits of the BYU MRI Research Facility

Ribosome Component Turnover Kinetics Describes A Two-Pool Kinetic Model In Dietary Restriction That Suggests Rpl10 Is Exchanged During Ribosome Lifespan, Andrew David Mathis

Theses and Dissertations

The eukaryotic ribosome is a large molecular machine consisting of ~80 ribosomal proteins and 4 rRNAs. The 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits are assembled in the nucleolus by ~200 helper proteins then shipped into the cytoplasm or to the endoplasmic reticulum where protein translation takes place. Eventually ribosomes are removed from the cytoplasm and recycled through ribophagy, however, very is little is known about ribosomal protein exchange after assembly but before ribophagy. Using kinetic turnover measurements of ribosomal proteins and rRNA in vivo we determined ribosomal protein replacement rates are diverse suggesting ribosomal components may be replaced without destruction of …

A Method For Using Pre-Computed Scenarios Of Physically-Based Spatially-Distributed Hydrologic Models In Flood Forecasting Systems, Herman Guillermo Dolder

Theses and Dissertations

Every year floods are responsible of a significant number of human losses, many of which could be avoided with a broader implementation of flood forecasting systems. Nevertheless, there are still some technological and economic limitations that impede the creation of these systems in many parts of the world. At the core of many flood forecasting systems is a hydrologic model that transforms the weather forecast into a flow forecast. Using real-time modeling for potential floods poses a series of problems: if the model is complex, the computational power required can be significant, and consequently expensive, and if the model is …

Peroxy Radical - Water Complexes: Their Role In The Atmosphere, Sambhav Rajendra Kumbhani

Theses and Dissertations

The importance of radical-water complexes in the atmosphere is explored in this dissertation. Radicals, although present in small concentrations in the atmosphere, play a significant role in creating and removing atmospheric pollution. As the atmosphere warms and consequently gets wetter, it is essential to understand the effects of water vapor on radical chemistry. This dissertation reports studies on the effects of water vapor on the kinetics of the self-reaction of β-hydroxyethyl peroxy radical (β-HEP), a prominent organic peroxy radical in the atmosphere. Both experimental and computational studies have been performed to examine the effects of water vapor on the kinetics …

Big Data: Challenges And Opportunities For Digital Libraries, Richard Hacken

Faculty Publications

Presented as a Keynote Address to the International Conference on Computing in Engineering and the Sciences in Istanbul, Turkey, on July 30, 2015.

This is an abstract of the speech:

Thanks to technological progress, thanks to the copious Internet, thanks to geometrically burgeoning social media and to quickly proliferating sensors, the flood of data available to us is surging larger and larger, faster and faster. Paradigms for management and analysis are at the core of data-driven businesses and institutions, fueling the velocity of scientific research and development. The phrase “Big Data” was itself coined by scientists as they manipulated exploding …

Longitudinal Relations Between Prosocial Television Content And Adolescents’ Prosocial And Aggressive Behavior: The Mediating Role Of Empathic Concern And Self-Regulation, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sarah M. Coyne, Kevin M. Collier, Matthew G. Nielson

Faculty Publications

The current study examined longitudinal cross-lagged associations between prosocial TV (content and time) and prosocial and aggressive behavior during adolescence, and explored the mediating role of empathic concern and self-regulation. Participants were 441 adolescents who reported on their 3 favorite TV shows at 2 time points, approximately 2 years apart (M age of child at Time 3 􏰀= 13.31, SD 􏰀= 1.06; 52% female; M age of child at Time 5 =􏰀 15.27, SD =􏰀 1.06). Results suggested that prosocial content at Time 3 was negatively associated with aggressive behavior 2 years later, and aggressive behavior at Time 3 was …

Delimiting Species And Varieties Of Cycladenia Humilis (Apocynaceae), Holly Kathryn Brabazon

Student Works

Taxonomic delimitation of rare species is vital for accurate assessments of diversity and for their conservation. Cycladenia humilis, the sole species of Cycladenia, is an enigmatic perennial widely dispersed across the western United States. Within this species there are three currently recognized varieties: C. humilis var. humilis in Northern California, C. humilis var. venusta in Southern California, and C. humilis var. jonesii in Utah and Northern Arizona. Some populations occur geographically in areas between the typical distribution of each variety and the presently accepted taxonomy inadequately addresses these populations. Using five nDNA regions, we seek to clarify relationships between current …

A Mexican Woman's Journey In Becoming A Successful American Educator, Lucy Ordaz Sanchez

Theses and Dissertations

This self-study explores the question of "What factors in my life shaped my journey in earning an American college degree and becoming a successful educator in the U.S.?" This question is explored in the context of my own lived experiences. Results contribute to the field of immigrant studies and may encourage others who wish to transition from first generation immigrant to successful professional educator in the U.S. This study employed hermeneutic phenomenology to answer the research question. It used in-depth narrative interviews to elicit my responses to lived experiences from growing up in Mexico to my current teaching position. Thematic …

Analytical Approaches In Investigating The Kinetics Of Water-Molecule Complexes In Tropospheric Reactions, William J. Keeton

Theses and Dissertations

Ozone is a heavily monitored pollutant. Ozone is not directly emitted into the atmosphere, but rather the product of chemical reactions. Ground level ozone occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react with each other in the presence of sunlight. The primary precursors of ozone are anthropogenically emitted, and as a result, tropospheric ozone has cost millions of dollars in damages and has hurt the health of countless people. This dissertation is a collection of work that aims to provide insight into atmospheric reactions that result in tropospheric ozone and the instrumentation to study such reactions. While …

Describing Spiritual Growth In An Online Religious Education Course: A Phenomenological Perspective, Benjamin Trevor Fryar

Theses and Dissertations

An estimated 33% of all college students take at least one online class (Allen & Seaman, 2013). Online classes are offered across a wide range of domains, including courses designed for spiritual development. Little research exists examining students' experiences in these types of classes. The purpose of this research is to help address this gap by describing the phenomenon of spiritual growth in an online religious education course. Brigham Young University-Idaho (BYU-Idaho) offers online courses designed to help students grow spiritually. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten students who took one of these classes and who reported positive gains in …

Evaluation Of A Combination Approach To Pedagogy In A Soil Science Laboratory Classroom And An Environmental Site Assessment Sample, Emily Linda Gervais

Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1 of this study explores research that has shown that the use of technology in the classroom can be beneficial to student learning. Additionally, a need for Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) instruction in university level core environmental science classrooms has been demonstrated. This study includes an investigation of the potential benefits of using a combination of pedagogies: web-based teaching tools and ESA instruction in a laboratory classroom. The research design included two class formats, one that employed web-based tools (PowerPoint and video) and ESA instruction, and one that did not, with four class sections. All classes were taught by …

Correlation Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy And Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod5) Using Regression Analysis, Alexander Tetteh Narteh

Theses and Dissertations

This research uses Regression analysis of fluorescence spectroscopy results to correlate with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5). Fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to samples taken from seven sample sites in the Provo and Orem waste water treatment plants found in Utah County. A total of 161 samples were collected for this research. 23 samples each were taken from four sites in the Provo waste water treatment plant namely Provo head works, aeration basin, primary filter settlement basin and the Provo effluent basin. The Orem head works, the clarifier and the Orem effluent basin were the three sample sites in the Orem waste …

Histone Deacetylase 6 (Hdac6) Is Critical For Tumor Cell Survival And Promotes The Pro-Survival Activity Of 14-3-3Ζ Viadeacetylation Of Lysines Within The14-3-3Ζ Binding Pocket, Jeffrey Benjamin Mortenson

Theses and Dissertations

Our understanding of non-histone acetylation as a means of cellular regulation is in its infancy. Using a mass spectrometry approach we identified acetylated lysine residues and monitored acetylation changes across the proteome as a consequence of metabolic stress (hypoxia). We observed changes in acetylation status of non-histone lysines in tumor cells. Through the use of small molecule inhibitors of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) and siRNA screening identified HDAC6 as a pro-survival regulator of lysine acetylation during hypoxia. The phospho-binding protein 14-3-3ζ acts as a signaling hub controlling a network of interacting partners and oncogenic pathways. We show here that lysines …

Geometry And Material Properties Of Vocal Fold Models, Kimberly Ann Stevens

Theses and Dissertations

Voiced communication plays a fundamental role in society. Voice research seeks to improve understanding of the fundamental physics governing voice production, with the eventual goal of improving methods to diagnose and treat voice disorders. For this thesis, three different aspects of voice production research were studied. First, porcine vocal fold medial surface geometry was determined, and the three-dimensional geometric distortion induced by freezing the larynx, especially in the region of the vocal folds, was quantified. It was found that porcine vocal folds are qualitatively geometrically similar to canine and human vocal folds, as well as commonly used models, and that …

Delimiting Species And Varieties Of Cycladenia Humilis (Apocynaceae), Holly Kathryn Brabazon

Theses and Dissertations

Taxonomic delimitation of rare species is vital for accurate assessments of diversity and for their conservation. Cycladenia humilis, the sole species of Cycladenia, is an enigmatic perennial widely dispersed across the western United States. Within this species there are three currently recognized varieties: C. humilis var. humilis in Northern California, C. humilis var. venusta in Southern California, and C. humilis var. jonesii in Utah and Northern Arizona. Some populations occur geographically in areas between the typical distribution of each variety and the presently accepted taxonomy inadequately addresses these populations. Using five nDNA regions, we seek to clarify relationships between current …

Dna Origami Stabilized And Seeded With 4'-Aminomethyltrioxsalen For Improved Dna Nanowire Fabrication, Matthew Paul Mcdowell

Theses and Dissertations

A fast emerging technology in the microelectronics field is bottom-up self-assembly of computer circuitry. A promising method to develop nanoelectronic devices through bottom-up self-assembly is the implementation of DNA-based technologies. Using DNA to create nanoelectronic devices is advantageous because of its already well understood base-paring and annealing qualities. These base-pairing and annealing qualities can be used to design and construct DNA nanostructures called DNA origami. DNA origami are specially designed structures made from single stranded DNA. Short single stranded DNA oligonucleotides called staple strands attach to a large single stranded DNA called a DNA scaffold. DNA staple strands and DNA …

Does An Ipad Change The Experience? A Look At Mother-Child Book Reading Interactions, Kathryn L. Mackay

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have long argued the importance of shared book reading and its potential impact on future reading growth. With the increasing popularity of e-books and the introduction of interactive iPad books, more and more parents are sharing books with their children in digital format. This may have a direct impact on the nature of the interactions that occur during young children's early book sharing experiences. This multiple-case study examined the nature of the interactions between six mother-child dyads as they read a story on an iPad compared with the interactions that happened during a traditional book reading. A coding system …

The Infectious Monster: Borders And Contagion In Yeti And Lágrimas En La Lluvia, Kiersty Lemon

Theses and Dissertations

Monsters are disruptive characters, who cross boundaries and blend categories. They come in various kinds: Non-human monsters, such as Dracula, created-by-human monsters like Frankenstein, human monsters like Hitler, and more-than-human monsters such as the X-men. These monsters can either be dangerous or helpful to humanity. Dangerous monsters appear as infectious, viral forces, while helpful monsters are inoculative forces for positive change. In either case, they penetrate the borders set up between normatively separate categories. Critics and authors have long realized the connection between heroes and monsters, often portraying them as necessary to one another, as two sides of a single …

Increasing Emotion Word Productions In Children With Language Impairment With A Social Communication Intervention, Madelane Kate Dixon

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the efficacy of a social communication intervention in increasing the emotion word productions in school-aged children with language impairment (LI). The study had a multiple baseline single subject design in which 5 children between the ages of 6 and 11 received 20 intervention sessions, each lasting 20 minutes. Intervention activities included reading and discussing children's books, enacting the stories using toys, and journal writing to reflect on experiences in each session. Emotion word productions during intervention sessions were coded for total productions within the categories of happiness, anger, sadness, fear, surprise, and disgust. Productions were also coded …