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Validation Of The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale In Youth Academy Soccer Players, Tom Mitchell Dr., Fieke Rongen, John Perry, Martin Littlewood, Kevin Till
Validation Of The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale In Youth Academy Soccer Players, Tom Mitchell Dr., Fieke Rongen, John Perry, Martin Littlewood, Kevin Till
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a popular measure of Athletic Identity (AI). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure (7-item single factor and 3 factor model; Social Identity, Exclusivity and Negative Affectivity) of the AIMS within youth academy soccer players. A total of 259 male youth academy soccer players aged 12-18 years completed the AIMS. A series of confirmatory factor analyses, independent cluster modelling indicated support for the 7-item single-factor (AI) and the three-factor models but not within the same analysis. The results support the use of AIMS for the measurement of AI …
Exploring English Youth Academy Footballers’ Experiences Through Role Strain Theory, Rick Hayman, Remco Polman, Erika Borkoles
Exploring English Youth Academy Footballers’ Experiences Through Role Strain Theory, Rick Hayman, Remco Polman, Erika Borkoles
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Throughout adolescence and early adulthood, talented athletes must dedicate increasing personal resources to their sport. Recent empirical research found that applying Role Strain Theory (RST) was useful to contextualise international junior golfers’, acrobats’, gymnasts’ and Australian Rules footballers’ experiences of how they combined and coped with the competing role demands of sport and education. Findings demonstrated how role strain (RS) severity and regularity fluctuated during their youth careers but subsided during the latter teenage years. Surprisingly, limited research exploring how youth academy footballers simultaneously combine sport, education and social demands exists. This study determined the extent to which RS was …
Division I College Athletes’ Self-Perception: Investigating The Impact Of Race And Discrimination, Sean Strehlow, Sayvon Jl Foster, Rhema Fuller, B. David Ridpath, Alison Fridley, Sarah Stokowski
Division I College Athletes’ Self-Perception: Investigating The Impact Of Race And Discrimination, Sean Strehlow, Sayvon Jl Foster, Rhema Fuller, B. David Ridpath, Alison Fridley, Sarah Stokowski
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Self-perception is the level of competency at which individuals evaluate themselves in certain areas or domains (Marsh & Shavelson, 1985). An individual’s self-perceptions contribute to their global self-worth and even predicts performance (Cuellar, 2014; Harter & Neemann, 2012). This study measures self-perception scores, as well as experiences with racial discrimination, of 306 NCAA Division I college athletes using the Self-Perception Profile for College Students (Harter & Neemann, 2012). Scores are compared across race. Findings suggest that White college athletes have significantly higher self-perception scores than college athletes of color - with recent discrimination (within the last year) as a significant …
Do Water Safety Lessons Improve Water Safety Knowledge?, Michael J. Tipton, Joseph Muller, Cristian Abelairas Gomez, Jo Corbett
Do Water Safety Lessons Improve Water Safety Knowledge?, Michael J. Tipton, Joseph Muller, Cristian Abelairas Gomez, Jo Corbett
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
A person, usually a child or young adult, dies by drowning every 90 seconds around the planet. Most drowning prevention initiatives do not assess the efficacy of the intervention. In this study, thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds had their level of water safety knowledge (covering cold shock, rips and tides) assessed before, just after, and 3-6 months after one, 25-minute water safety lesson on these topics. We evaluated the knowledge gained and retained on water safety “awareness” (i.e., knowledge of risks) and “confidence” in terms of knowing what to do in an emergency. The results demonstrated that the lesson significantly increased water …
Understanding Lifeguard Recruitment And Selection Practices In Victorian Aquatic And Recreation Centers (Arcs), Michael Butson, John R. Tower, Eric C. Schwarz
Understanding Lifeguard Recruitment And Selection Practices In Victorian Aquatic And Recreation Centers (Arcs), Michael Butson, John R. Tower, Eric C. Schwarz
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Extensive research has focused on human resource management (HRM) and recruitment and selection practices across different settings. However, there is a gap in the scholarly literature in ARC settings, including lifeguards. Additionally, the aquatics industry is experiencing unprecedented levels of lifeguard turnover within aquatic facilities. The recruitment and selection process can impact employee turnover. Therefore, an important first step to address lifeguard turnover is to better understand the current recruitment and selection practices of lifeguards. This study focuses on the recruitment and selection practices of ARC management to better understand the recruitment and selection of lifeguards. The analysis is based …
"I Didn't Know How All This Works": A Case Study Examining The Transition Experiences Of Student-Athletes From High School To A Mid-Major Di Program, Mitchell T. Woltring, Caitlyn Hauff, Brooke Forester, Shelley L. Holden
"I Didn't Know How All This Works": A Case Study Examining The Transition Experiences Of Student-Athletes From High School To A Mid-Major Di Program, Mitchell T. Woltring, Caitlyn Hauff, Brooke Forester, Shelley L. Holden
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The transition period from high school to college includes a myriad of issues specific to student-athletes (Bernhard & Bell, 2015; Bjornsen & Dinkel, 2017; Comeaux, 2015). The present study sought to illuminate the specific transition issues faced by mid-major, DI student-athletes by providing them the platform to describe them in their own words, and provide their own recommendations for improvement. Utilizing a semi-structured interview guide which addressed transition issues, the qualitative study included 23 student-athletes in focus group settings. Analysis of interview data led to the emergence of two themes, with accompanying subthemes: 1) Encounters with academic support, with subthemes …
Developmental Outcomes Of University Female Basketball Athletes As Participants In Peer Mentoring Groups, Jonathan Kroll, Kathleen Mcmillian-Roberts
Developmental Outcomes Of University Female Basketball Athletes As Participants In Peer Mentoring Groups, Jonathan Kroll, Kathleen Mcmillian-Roberts
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Peer group mentoring can stimulate developmental outcomes for university basketball athletes. Seven female university basketball athletes from an NCAA Division III team participated in peer mentoring groups over the course of an academic year. By sharing about their lived experiences, the researchers were able to capture narratives that illuminated the impact of this developmental relationship. Thematic analysis was utilized to explore these descriptions and collate them into findings relevant for athletes, coaches, Athletics administrators, and others. Findings presented below indicate that these peer group mentoring experiences (a) nurtured synergistic relationships; (b) cultivated athletes’ resilience; and (c) developed athletes’ self-efficacy
Welcome To Champ Camp: An Observational Study On The Education And Preparation Of Youth Athletes For A Multi-Sport Games, Michael L. Naraine
Welcome To Champ Camp: An Observational Study On The Education And Preparation Of Youth Athletes For A Multi-Sport Games, Michael L. Naraine
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Youth multi-sport events offer athletes an opportunity to prepare and train for traditional (adult) multi-sport competitions like the Olympic Games, but simultaneously raises questions as to how athletes train and prepare for the former. Thus, the purpose of this study was to uncover how youth athletes were being educated and prepared for a multi-sport games, and whether this preparation was congruent with the circumstances that athletes would encounter. To do so, the Australian Olympic Committee’s “Champ Camp” pre-Games summit was observed, documenting the educational training youth athletes received prior to attending the 2018 Buenos Aires Youth Olympic Games. The findings …
Enhancing Financial Literacy Among College Athletes, Lisa M. Rubin, Mindy Joseph, Sonya Lutter, Daron K. Roberts, Julian J. Jones
Enhancing Financial Literacy Among College Athletes, Lisa M. Rubin, Mindy Joseph, Sonya Lutter, Daron K. Roberts, Julian J. Jones
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
College students, including athletes, have limited exposure to financial education prior to enrolling in college (Britt et al., 2015). Athletes juggling two full-time roles as athlete and college student have limited time for financial education and the opportunity to work. Some athletes receive athletic scholarships and some do not, but either way, many athletes must seek additional funding and student loans to pay for college. Huston’s (2010) model demonstrated connections between financial literacy, behaviors, and education to serve as a framework for our study. The purpose of this study was to determine college athletes’ subjective and objective financial literacy, how …
Using Sports To Develop Community In The Mathematics Classroom, Benjamin Lawson
Using Sports To Develop Community In The Mathematics Classroom, Benjamin Lawson
Honors Projects
A positive classroom climate and community should be achieved in every classroom (Frisby, 2020, pgs. 199-200). This sense of community is especially sparse in the field of mathematics education. According to the High School Athletics Participation Survey (2019) the number of high schoolers participating in sports continues to rise. Sport ideologies could offer a bridge to connect mathematics classrooms and establish community in ways a pure educational perspective has not been able to. The purpose of this analysis is to shed light on an alternate perspective of mathematics education and incorporate sport philosophies to foster community building by establishing rapport, …
Relationships Between Athlete Activist Identities And Resilience In College Athletes, Travis R. Scheadler, Robert J. Reese, Marc L. Cormier
Relationships Between Athlete Activist Identities And Resilience In College Athletes, Travis R. Scheadler, Robert J. Reese, Marc L. Cormier
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Many high-profile athletes have engaged in athlete activism and continued to remain successful both in sport and activism. Although several barriers have been documented preventing athletes from engaging in activism (e.g., public criticism, status and job loss, withdrawal of funding, anticipated distress; Cunningham & Regan, 2012), activism itself has also been connected to several positive outcomes (e.g., improved confidence, self-concept, belief in change, agency, life meaning; Klar & Kasser, 2009; Rabkin, McElhiney, Harrington, & Horn, 2018). Indeed, both sport and activism provide opportunities for athlete activists to develop resilience. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the …
They’Re Just Here For Ball: Proposing A Multi-Level Analysis On The Impact Of Collegiate Athletics At Historically White Institutions On Black Male Collegiate Athlete Holistic Identity, Trajuan Briggs, Allison B. Smith, Joseph Cooper
They’Re Just Here For Ball: Proposing A Multi-Level Analysis On The Impact Of Collegiate Athletics At Historically White Institutions On Black Male Collegiate Athlete Holistic Identity, Trajuan Briggs, Allison B. Smith, Joseph Cooper
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
As the overrepresentation of Black male collegiate athletes (BMCA) increases in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) revenue-generating sports, coaches and athletic staff continue to overemphasize sport performance, while graduation rates for BMCA remain persistently lower than their peers and research continues to document transition out of sport concerns for this population. Proposing a multi-level approach, we explore the collegiate athletic factors that influence the holistic identity development of DI revenue generating BMCA at historically White institutions (HWIs) leading to difficulty transitioning out of sport. At the macro-level, the NCAA and its policies on eligibility are analyzed. At …
The Role Of Coach’S Gender On Coaching Self-Efficacy For Division Iii Female Student-Athletes, Nicholas M. Swim, Khirey B. Walker, Robert Turick, Lawrence W. Judge
The Role Of Coach’S Gender On Coaching Self-Efficacy For Division Iii Female Student-Athletes, Nicholas M. Swim, Khirey B. Walker, Robert Turick, Lawrence W. Judge
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The landscape of women in college sports has improved dramatically since the enactment of Title IX in 1972. Participation rates and funding have increased, providing a more inclusive environment for female student-athletes to compete. However, females ascending to leadership positions within the NCAA has experienced a downward trend. Currently, males hold the majority of athletic director positions and serve as head coaches on over half of female varsity sport teams. This may be detrimental to female student-athletes as women in leadership positions provide same-gender role models and mentors relationships for female student-athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine …
Perceptions Of Water Competencies, Drowning Risk And Aquatic Participation Among Older Adults, Teresa Stanley, Kevin Moran
Perceptions Of Water Competencies, Drowning Risk And Aquatic Participation Among Older Adults, Teresa Stanley, Kevin Moran
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
New Zealand has an aging population and, despite falling drowning tolls in all other age groups (WSNZ, 2019c), older adults have continued to drown in both increasing numbers and proportion. The reasons for this are not well understood since very little drowning research has focused on older people. A water safety survey (N = 389) seeking information on older adults’ aquatic recreational practices and perceptions of safety was conducted at the end of the summer season, 2019. Most adults (86%, n = 335) reported some aquatic activity in the previous year, but those aged 65+ years (66%) were significantly …
The Lifeguard Rescue Reporting System: Survey Results From A Collaborative Data Collection Method, William D. Ramos, Roy Fielding, Kristina R. Anderson, Peter G. Wernicki Md
The Lifeguard Rescue Reporting System: Survey Results From A Collaborative Data Collection Method, William D. Ramos, Roy Fielding, Kristina R. Anderson, Peter G. Wernicki Md
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Several water safety organizations have attempted to improve reporting regarding lifeguard actions in order to better understand the characteristics of successful, non-fatal rescues. In 2003, a collective effort initiated the Lifeguard Rescue Reporting System, an online survey distributed to lifeguards and facility managers across the United States and Canada to better understand rescue actions performed in pools/spas, water parks, and open water areas. After seven years of data collection, the online survey accumulated data reflecting 1,676 rescue actions, collecting information including location, victim characteristics and outcome, rescuer characteristics and strategies, and other general circumstances. Descriptive results indicated that at least …
In This Issue (13:2), Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.
In This Issue (13:2), Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
front matter to Volume 13, Issue 2
Determinants Of Profit For Division I Men’S Ice Hockey, Ryan Watson
Determinants Of Profit For Division I Men’S Ice Hockey, Ryan Watson
Master of Education in Applied Human Development Graduate Projects
College athletics and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have been around since the late 1800s and early 1900s, and have been a large part of the culture at universities across the United States (Osborne, Jensen, Weight, 2020). The oldest college athletic event dates back to 1852 when Harvard and Yale competed against each other in a regatta (Osborne, Jensen, Weight, 2020). Since then, the popularity of schools competing against each other has continued to grow and has formed some great rivalries between colleges and universities. Students were one of the main reasons why intercollegiate athletic programs continued to grow …
Self-Efficacy Belief And The Influential Coach: An Examination Of Collegiate Athletes, Erianne A. Weight, Megan Lewis, Molly Harry
Self-Efficacy Belief And The Influential Coach: An Examination Of Collegiate Athletes, Erianne A. Weight, Megan Lewis, Molly Harry
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Self-efficacy beliefs related to the performance of a task have been identified as strong predictors of performance success. Research has hypothesized that the most influential contextual factor in athlete self-efficacy development is the athlete-coach relationship, yet there is little research on this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine collegiate athletes’ perceptions of the prevalence of transformative and destructive coaches, the teaching methods athletes perceive to be transformative (strengthening self-efficacy belief), and the influence of coaching methods on sport self-efficacy belief. Just over two-thirds of the athletes expressed having transformative coaches while over one-third experienced coaches they defined …
Problematizing The Adoption And Implementation Of Athlete Development ‘Models’: A Foucauldian-Inspired Analysis Of The Long-Term Athlete Development Framework, Mathew Dowling, Joseph Mills, Anna Stodter
Problematizing The Adoption And Implementation Of Athlete Development ‘Models’: A Foucauldian-Inspired Analysis Of The Long-Term Athlete Development Framework, Mathew Dowling, Joseph Mills, Anna Stodter
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The purpose of this paper is to problematize the continued adoption and implementation of Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) framework (Balyi et al., 2005; 2014) as an increasingly orthodox conception of the athlete development process and for underpinning and designing sport coaching practice. In adopting a post-structuralist, Foucauldian perspective and drawing upon empirical interview data with Balyi and colleagues, senior government officials and sport administrators, our analysis examines some of the potential limitations for adopting and implementing LTAD as a conception of the athlete development process. In particular, we highlight the potential issues and contradictions linked to adopting such conceptions, namely …
Up, Down, And All-Around: The Swirling-Transfer Collegiate Athlete Experience, Ethan Swingle, Cristobal Salinas
Up, Down, And All-Around: The Swirling-Transfer Collegiate Athlete Experience, Ethan Swingle, Cristobal Salinas
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Intercollegiate athletics have become an integral part of campus life (Denhart, Villwock, & Vedder, 2010; Mixon & Trevino, 2005; Shulman & Bowen, 2001), and have grown exponentially in the resources universities put forth to participate in this extracurricular activity (Clotfelter, 2011). One of the biggest evolutions of intercollegiate athletics has been the collegiate athlete transfer phenomenon (Cooper & Hawkins, 2014); however, little research has been conducted on transfer collegiate athletes, or the transfer collegiate athlete experience. As such, the purpose of this instrumental case study was to discover and describe the experiences and perceptions of swirling-transfer collegiate athletes at Athletic …
The Transition Experiences Of Division I And Iii Collegiate Athletes, Allison B. Smith, Rob Hardin
The Transition Experiences Of Division I And Iii Collegiate Athletes, Allison B. Smith, Rob Hardin
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Athletic transition has been explored in sport management and sport psychology literature primarily focusing on transitioning into collegiate athletics, voluntary and involuntary transitions out of collegiate sport, and transitioning out of professional sport. This study compared NCAA Division I and III collegiate athletes’ perceptions regarding the athletic transition process. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to uncover the perceptions and experiences surrounding the transition process into, during, and out of collegiate sport (Lindlof & Taylor, 2019; Schlossberg, 1981). Three themes emerged from the data: Moving In: Compatability, Moving Through: Identity Directly Tied to Sport, and Moving Out: Redefining Oneself. More specifically, …
Development Of The Life After Sports Transition (Last) Online Course For Collegiate Student-Athletes: Pretest-Posttest Study, Michael Stellefson, Trevor Bopp, Michael Odio, Min Qi Wang, Linxi Zhang
Development Of The Life After Sports Transition (Last) Online Course For Collegiate Student-Athletes: Pretest-Posttest Study, Michael Stellefson, Trevor Bopp, Michael Odio, Min Qi Wang, Linxi Zhang
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Transitioning into athletic retirement can have negative impacts on college student-athletes’ psychological, social, emotional, and physical well-being, yet few educational programs exist to help augment college student-athlete preparation for embracing life after sports. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a new Life After Sports Transition (LAST) online course for college student athletes. A single group pretest-post-test study evaluated effects of the LAST course among a convenience sample of college student-athletes (n=10) attending a NCAA Division I university. Paired sample t-tests examined changes in athletic identity, psychological well-being, hope, and self-reflection/insight. Propensity score matching …
Tackling Difficult Conversations: Student-Athletes, Mental Health, And Emerging Technology, Todd Fraley, Stacy Warner, Christine Wilson, Gareth Jones, Michael Catalano
Tackling Difficult Conversations: Student-Athletes, Mental Health, And Emerging Technology, Todd Fraley, Stacy Warner, Christine Wilson, Gareth Jones, Michael Catalano
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Given the exponential growth of mental health issues on colleges campuses and the concerns regarding mental health disorders among elite level athletes, the NCAA (2016) has made recommendations to support and promote student-athlete mental health. However, to successfully address the increase in mental health issues, the development of effective communication skills is required. To address this, the researchers developed and built an immersive learning experience focused on “difficult conversations” using Mursion® technology. This pilot study contributes to this important conversation by analyzing the influence of an immersive experience on the student-athletes’ communication skills. Using a quasi-experimental design, 79 NCAA Division …
Student-Athletes At An Historically Black University (Hbu): Examining The Relationship Between Student-Engagement On Campus And Career Situation Awareness, Gregg Rich, Kenneth Kungu, Ali Boolani
Student-Athletes At An Historically Black University (Hbu): Examining The Relationship Between Student-Engagement On Campus And Career Situation Awareness, Gregg Rich, Kenneth Kungu, Ali Boolani
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between student-athletes’ engagement experiences on campus and their career situation awareness at an historically Black university (HBU) in the Southeastern United States with NCAA Division I affiliation. Data was obtained from a sample (n = 118) of female (n= 45) and male (n = 73) student-athletes using measures from the revised versions of the Student-Athlete Experiences Inventory (SAEI) and the Student-Athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI). One-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation tests, and t-tests were employed to analyze gender, race, year classification, and sport played effects. Following data analysis, three …
The Ocean Lifeguard Intervention Continuum: A Cognitive Aid For Surf Lifeguard Education, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Shane Scoggins, Paul Andrus, Jack A. Futoran
The Ocean Lifeguard Intervention Continuum: A Cognitive Aid For Surf Lifeguard Education, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Shane Scoggins, Paul Andrus, Jack A. Futoran
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Ocean lifeguards are constantly engaged in beach risk analysis, required to efficiently evaluate a variety of environmental and other factors quickly in order to triage and prioritize who needs help. Teaching these skills is a challenge for introductory training programs. We sought to improve new lifeguards’ understanding of the interaction of various risk components in the beach environment and aid decision-making related to when a lifeguard should intervene in a situation. We developed a two-part cognitive aid for introductory ocean lifeguard education depicting individual and interacting elements of a beach goer’s risk of drowning or injury and the process by …
Swimming Pool Environment And Respiratory Health Issues Experienced By Masters Swimmers: Results From A Literature Review And Survey Of United States Masters Swimming Clubs, Jody C. Gan, Julia Snegg, William Harder
Swimming Pool Environment And Respiratory Health Issues Experienced By Masters Swimmers: Results From A Literature Review And Survey Of United States Masters Swimming Clubs, Jody C. Gan, Julia Snegg, William Harder
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
After three members of a Masters adult swim club died of lung cancer, both a literature review and survey were conducted with representatives from 746 United States Masters Swimming clubs to explore a possible relationship between swimming and cancers of the respiratory tract. Six other clubs reported known cancers of the respiratory tract among club members, but none of the other 740 clubs reported a similar cluster of lung cancer. More clubs reported cases of chronic respiratory infections and widespread complaints about air quality. While no studies exploring a relationship between swimming and lung cancer could be found in the …
Get A Bang For Your Puck: Hockey, Statistics, And Betting, Kathleen Capozello
Get A Bang For Your Puck: Hockey, Statistics, And Betting, Kathleen Capozello
Honors Projects
An exploration into the analytics of hockey and the business of sports betting. The goal of this project was to determine whether an equation could be created to predict the number of goals an NHL forward or defenseman will score in a future season based on a previous season’s data. Additionally, this paper explores the potential monetary values of such an equation, as well as the parties that may find it useful.
Staff Training In Aquatics For Individuals With Disabilities: The Quest, Susan J. Grosse
Staff Training In Aquatics For Individuals With Disabilities: The Quest, Susan J. Grosse
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Trained instructors in general programs have the ability and resources to initiate and follow through with developing water safe individuals who are capable swimmers. Specific staff training to prepare individuals to facilitate aquatic participation for individuals with disabilities is currently extremely limited. The purpose of this article is to examine the barriers to specialized staff training in aquatics for individuals with disabilities, to suggest necessary staff training content, and to propose topics for further research in the area of staff training. Seeking development of quality staff training programs for those working in aquatics for individuals with disabilities is the quest.
Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran
Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Ocean lifeguards have several responsibilities that require precise training. California State Parks is one of the largest providers of open water lifeguard services in the United States, and trains approximately 200 new lifeguards per year. As part of our lifeguard training section’s quality improvement efforts, we conducted a training needs assessment to help determine how well our introductory ocean lifeguard training curriculum prepared lifeguards to perform job related tasks upon successful completion of the training program. We surveyed both first year and seasoned lead lifeguards on operational needs, training gaps, and specific subject areas. We identified several areas where our …
Citizen Engagement In Aquatics Equity: The Case Of Winston Waterworks, Steven N. Waller Phd, James H. Bemiller Jd, Emliy J. Johnson, Chermaine D. Cole, Jason Scott Phd, Angela Wozencroft, Phd
Citizen Engagement In Aquatics Equity: The Case Of Winston Waterworks, Steven N. Waller Phd, James H. Bemiller Jd, Emliy J. Johnson, Chermaine D. Cole, Jason Scott Phd, Angela Wozencroft, Phd
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Historically, swimming pools have been a source of inequity when it comes to the distribution of recreation services in the United States. Many of the problems that correlate with the inequitable allocation of recreation resources including public swimming pools began with ideas about race, geography, poor planning practices and faulty policymaking (Rothstein, 2017). Moreover, one of the primary outcomes of engaged, inclusive planning is equity in the provision of recreation programs and facilities. In this essay, we offer a summary of key legal cases that help address questions related resource allocation related to public swimming pools. Finally, we present a …