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Air Force Institute of Technology

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A Modified Anderson Darling Goodness-Of-Fit Test For The Gamma Distribution With Unknown Scale And Location Parameters, Tamer Ozmen Mar 1993

A Modified Anderson Darling Goodness-Of-Fit Test For The Gamma Distribution With Unknown Scale And Location Parameters, Tamer Ozmen

Theses and Dissertations

A new modified Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test is introduced for the three-parameter Gamma distribution when the location parameter is found by minimum distance estimation and scale parameter by maximum likelihood estimation. Monte Carlo simulation studies were performed to calculate the critical values for A-D test when A-D statistic is minimized. These critical values are then used for testing whether a set of observations follows a Gamma distribution when the scale and location parameters axe unspecified and are estimated from the sample. Functional relationship between the critical values of A-D is also examined for each shape parameter by the variables, sample size …

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Optimal Silo Attack Plan For The Red Integrated Strategic Offensive Plan (Risop), Richard C. Pace Mar 1993

Optimal Silo Attack Plan For The Red Integrated Strategic Offensive Plan (Risop), Richard C. Pace

Theses and Dissertations

The Joint Staff Directorate for Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment (J-8) sought a procedure which could be used to generate an optimal missile allocation for the silo attack portion of the Red Integrated Strategic Offensive Plan (RISOP). Their current solution procedure is a manual heuristic which is time-consuming and is not guaranteed to lead to an optimal solution. J- 8 defines an optimal solution as a feasible solution which minimizes both the flight time of the missile that impacts first and the duration of the attack. J- 8 defined several input rules which limit how missiles may be allocated. A …

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Integrating Psychological Operations Into The Joint Theater Level Simulation (Jtls), C. Matthew Pecot Iii Mar 1993

Integrating Psychological Operations Into The Joint Theater Level Simulation (Jtls), C. Matthew Pecot Iii

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis provides a prototype and methodology for integrating psychological operations (PSYOP) into the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS) combat model. The requirement rose out of the need for aggregate-level training models to reflect the role of PSYOP so that commanders and their staffs can learn how to manage plan for, and conduct PSYOP within the context of AirLand battle doctrine. As the JTLS model currently exists, there is no representation of psychological operations whatsoever. This thesis outlines a methodology for incorporating the PSYOP analysis process (including the target audience analysis), the PSYOP product development and production process, the PSYOP …

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Scheduling Air Mobility Command's Channel Cargo Missions, Gregory S. Rau Mar 1993

Scheduling Air Mobility Command's Channel Cargo Missions, Gregory S. Rau

Theses and Dissertations

Through the use of a linear programming model, this research revised the initial schedule for AMC's channel cargo missions to eliminate any excess delay enroute by minimizing the cumulative, weighted time-in-system for all cargo, according to a given cargo flow. In fact, the revised schedule minimizes any assigned nonnegative weighting of the time-in-system, due to the properties of equivalent measures of performance. When combined with Step One of a proposed two-step process for revising AMC's channel mission schedule, this research can be used to improve the current schedule based on Step One's cargo flow. By carefully defining the notation and …

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Bradley Fighting Vehicle Gunnery: An Analysis Of Engagement Strategies For The M242 25-Mm Automatic Gun, James G. Riley Mar 1993

Bradley Fighting Vehicle Gunnery: An Analysis Of Engagement Strategies For The M242 25-Mm Automatic Gun, James G. Riley

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis studies various engagement strategies for the Bradley Fighting Vehicle's 25-mm automatic gun firing APDS-T ammunition against a BMP- type target. The Army currently provides only the broadest guidance for the structure of the 25-mm point target engagement which results in the employment of an assortment of strategies throughout the Bradley community. The goal of this research was to determine if a best method exists. Bradley gunnery is a complex set commander/gunner interactions which can be difficult to represent with the analytic models commonly found in the literature. A model, based on the simulation methods used by the US …

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Determining Cargo Flow For Air Mobility Command's Channel Cargo System, Michael Del Rosario Mar 1993

Determining Cargo Flow For Air Mobility Command's Channel Cargo System, Michael Del Rosario

Theses and Dissertations

This research investigated using a multiperiod multicommodity minimal cost flow (M2MCF) formulation to model the channel cargo system of the United States Air Force's Air Mobility Command (AMC). The objective of this research was to determine how cargo should flow in the channel cargo system in order to minimize the cargo's delay enroute from its origin to its destination. This research showed the size of an M2MCF model of the channel cargo system exceeds AMC's computational capabilities. Additionally, this research describes three approaches to reduce the problem size. Because of the problem size and other modeling limitations discovered during this …

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Theater Airlifter Survivability On The Ground, Michael A. Silver Mar 1993

Theater Airlifter Survivability On The Ground, Michael A. Silver

Theses and Dissertations

Airlifter attrition can severely decrease the throughput of cargo during extended airlift operations. Much work has been done to enhance the tactical airlifter survivability in the air but little study has gone into airlifter survivability on the ground. This thesis develops a method to measure the threat to parked aircraft from ground weapons. Specific scenarios cover airlifter mobility on the ground, time to off-load cargo, short-field takeoff capability and attack by infantry weapons. A weapon is examined at each of several firing ranges to target. The threat to the aircraft is measured as the probability that the aircraft is hit. …

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A Generalized Simulation Model For A Typical Medical Treatment Facility Obstetrical Unit, Annette M. Stephens Mar 1993

A Generalized Simulation Model For A Typical Medical Treatment Facility Obstetrical Unit, Annette M. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to develop a decision support tool for users at Air Force Medical Treatment Facility obstetrical (OB) units. The immediate needs of the generalized simulation model contained in this research provide obstetrical wards with the capability to identify unit effectiveness as well as the ability to predict future performance. As a result of this model, decision-makers will now have access to information on system performance as well as insight into the effects of changing conditions. This model was formulated with the flexibility to be adapted to OB wards at regional and local hospitals throughout the …

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Understanding The Nature Of Bureaucracy: An Integration Of The Organizational And Public Choice Approaches, Rodney G. Vernon Mar 1993

Understanding The Nature Of Bureaucracy: An Integration Of The Organizational And Public Choice Approaches, Rodney G. Vernon

Theses and Dissertations

Bureaucracy is a term that has taken on different meanings in the academic literature since its inception. Vincent de Gournay first coined the term during the eighteenth century to describe the illnesses of rule by officials. Since that time, the term has evolved in organizational theory to describe a form of rational hierarchical organization in the public and private sector and at the same time, the public choice school describes it as a class of institution associated with inefficiency. This study reviews the literature on bureaucracy and incorporates the insights of Austrian economic theory on information, rules, and uncertainty to …

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The Use Of Simulation To Evaluate Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation Policy And Planning, Charles W. Wolfe Jr. Mar 1993

The Use Of Simulation To Evaluate Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation Policy And Planning, Charles W. Wolfe Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

Strategic aeromedical evacuation (AE) of casualties from the theater of operations to the CONUS during wartime is a complex operation that involves the integration of medical personnel and policies with airlift concepts and capabilities. Military analysts within the Air Mobility Command Analysis Group (AMC/XPY) have traditionally used deterministic linear programming techniques to estimate the number of aircraft the United States Air Force (USAF) requires for given contingency scenarios. However, this group has yet to develop a stochastic approach to validate their resource recommendations, and more importantly, to study the interrelationships between key factors comprising strategic aeromedical evacuation. As the possibility …

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A Comparison Of Variable Selection Criteria For Multiple Linear Regression: A Second Simulation Study, David P. Woollard Mar 1993

A Comparison Of Variable Selection Criteria For Multiple Linear Regression: A Second Simulation Study, David P. Woollard

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis implements a variable selection method proposed by Alan J. Miller, and makes an extension of Ross J. Hansen's 1988 thesis research by comparing the methods he examined: Minimum MSE, Minimum Sp, and Minimum Cp with Miller's method. Response Surface methodology is employed with two performance measures: the percentage of correct variables in a model and the Theoretical Mean Squared Error of Prediction (TMSEP). Each technique is applied on generated data with known multicollinearities, variances, random predictors, and sample sizes. Both performance measures are computed for models selected under each technique. A full factorial design using each performance measure …

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Modified Goodness-Of-Fit Tests For The Weibull Distribution, Erol Yucel Mar 1993

Modified Goodness-Of-Fit Tests For The Weibull Distribution, Erol Yucel

Theses and Dissertations

This research will produce a new modified Anderson-Darling and W* goodness of fit statistics for the three parameter Weibull Distribution when all parameters unknown and estimated by Maximum Likelihood-Minimum Distance combination. The critical values for each statistic, sample size and a levels 0. 20, 0.15, 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 are produced. The Monte Carlo Simulation used 5000 repetitions for sample sizes of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 with the Weibull shape equals to 3, scale equals to 4 and location equals to 10. The power study is made for the same sizes as above with the hypothesized …

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An Analysis Of The Generalized Lambda Distribution, Robert J. Bergevin Mar 1993

An Analysis Of The Generalized Lambda Distribution, Robert J. Bergevin

Theses and Dissertations

The Generalized Lambda Distribution (GLD) is a four parameter function that is capable of mimicking the behavior of a wide range of probability density functions (pdfs). Unfortunately, the GLD presently cannot model every possible type of pdf. Since the reasons for this limitation are unknown, this thesis examines several potential problems in an attempt to expand the range of distributions the GLD can mimic. We first present a discussion of the behavior of the algorithm that is used to search for the appropriate GLD parameter values. In particular, we examine the effect of using an unconstrained search to find the …

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A New Goodness-Of-Fit Test For The Weibull Distribution Based On Spacings, Mark C. Coppa Mar 1993

A New Goodness-Of-Fit Test For The Weibull Distribution Based On Spacings, Mark C. Coppa

Theses and Dissertations

The critical values for a new goodness-of-fit test based on spacings are generated for the Weibull distribution when the shape parameter is known. The critical values are used for testing whether a set of observations follow a Weibull distribution when the scale and location parameters are unknown. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations is used to generate the critical values for sample sizes 5(5)35 at shape parameters k equal to 0.5(0.5)1.5 and for sample sizes 5(5)20 at shape parameters k = 2.0(1.0)4.0. A Monte Carlo power study of the Z* test statistic using 5000 iterations is accomplished using nine …

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An Analysis Of The Ability Of Commercial Wargames To Fulfill The Education Requirements Of The Air Force Wargaming Center, Scott Goehring Mar 1993

An Analysis Of The Ability Of Commercial Wargames To Fulfill The Education Requirements Of The Air Force Wargaming Center, Scott Goehring

Theses and Dissertations

It has been the contention of some that current commercial wargames could possibly fulfill the education requirements addressed by the Air Force Wargaming Center. The Wargaming Center, lacking the opportunity to conduct a thorough, in-house analysis of these commercial wargames, requested an independent evaluation be performed. This thesis identifies potential commercial wargames and provides an analysis of those wargames to determine their ability to educate senior military officers in the application of aerospace power. In addition, this thesis establishes a set of Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) against which future wargames can be easily evaluated. The MOEs were developed from the …

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An Analysis Of Tactical Airlifter Characteristics And Their Impact On Theater Airlift System Performance, John J. Koger Mar 1993

An Analysis Of Tactical Airlifter Characteristics And Their Impact On Theater Airlift System Performance, John J. Koger

Theses and Dissertations

This study used computer simulation and Response Surface Technology to determine what tactical airlifter characteristics most impact theater airlift system performance in a Southwest Asia (SWA) scenario. Some Aircraft characteristics were grouped into functional sets, while others were considered individually. After screening one characteristic, reliability, with a two-level factorial experiment, a Box-Behnken design was used to estimate second-order metamodels. A stepwise regression procedure indicated that, if attrition rates are ignored, airlift system performance is most impacted by the aircraft's size, survivability, cruise speed, and ability to operate on short fields. The SWA scenario used in this study covers a large …

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Patient Scheduling And Aircraft Routing For Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation, Michael J. Loftus Mar 1993

Patient Scheduling And Aircraft Routing For Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation, Michael J. Loftus

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is to develop an approach that would assign patients to aeromedical evacuation aircraft and route each aircraft to a single CONUS airport. The goal is to minimize total patient wait time. A heuristic algorithm is developed which exploits the structure of the problem. The first subproblem solved is the assignment of aircraft to airports. This subproblem is solved using integer programming and the results are input into the second subproblem. The second subproblem is the patient to aircraft assignment problem. This subproblem minimizes patient wait time and is solved using network flow programming. The two …

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Estimating Test Range Capacity, Paul A. Mcdaniel Mar 1993

Estimating Test Range Capacity, Paul A. Mcdaniel

Theses and Dissertations

The main focus of this thesis effort was to develop a means to estimate the capacity of the test range complex at Eglin AFB, Florida. For the purposes of this study, test range capacity was defined as the maximum number of missions, of a given set, that could possibly be supported by range resources on any given day. In trying to determine this number, the complexities of the overall multi-resource constrained scheduling problem dictated a more practical approach be taken in modeling the allocation process of range resources to test missions. Therefore, a series of three single-resource, 0-1 integer programming …

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The Battle Of Little Round Top: An Analysis Of Battle Alternatives Through Commercial Wargames, John J. Mcguiness Mar 1993

The Battle Of Little Round Top: An Analysis Of Battle Alternatives Through Commercial Wargames, John J. Mcguiness

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the problem of whether one can use commercial wargames as a tool for historical research. The research examines two wargames dealing with the battle of Little Round Top: Gettysburg: The Turning Point and Thunder at the Crossroads. This research emphasized the need to analyze the wargame's structure prior to playing the game. This will avoid a possible mistake of drawing a conclusion about a particular driver in the battle which may not be from the historical situation but rather an inevitable outcome produced by the model's basic assumptions. Additionally, quantitative measures of time lines, casualty rates, and …

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A Fuzzy Logic Optimal Control Law Solution To The Cmmca Tracking Problem, Randy E. Nelson Mar 1993

A Fuzzy Logic Optimal Control Law Solution To The Cmmca Tracking Problem, Randy E. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force uses the C-18 Cruise Missile Mission Control Aircraft (CMMCA) to radar track cruise missiles (CM) during test flights. Because of the complexity of the CM flight profiles, maintaining radar coverage at all times is very difficult. This thesis attempted to apply optimal control theory to construct a simulation providing 100% radar coverage. The simulation was divided into ten second intervals, and fuzzy logic was used at the start of each interval to determine the set point, i.e., that point in space where the CMMCA should be in ten seconds. The set point calculation's fuzzy logic balanced CMMCA …

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Models For The Optimization Of Air Refueling Missions, Clayton H. Pflieger Mar 1993

Models For The Optimization Of Air Refueling Missions, Clayton H. Pflieger

Theses and Dissertations

This research follows A. Yamani's work on the problem of minimizing total fuel costs for airlift missions that require in-flight refueling. Yamani's major assumptions were removed and the resulting enhanced formulation was applied the the original problem and the related problem of maximizing allowable cabin load. This optimization is accomplished selecting the rendezvous point and initial fuel for each aircraft. The formulation considers a C-141B airlifter refueled once by a KC-135E tanker. Flight is assumed to be at constant altitude and follow great-circle routes. The fuel costs of climb and cruise flight are modeled as functions of gross weight, while …

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The Integration Of Tanker Aircraft Into Aslar, John S. Stieven Mar 1993

The Integration Of Tanker Aircraft Into Aslar, John S. Stieven

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to analyze the proposed addition of heavy KC-135 tanker aircraft to the United States Air Force Aircraft Surge Launch and Recovery (ASLAR) instrument approach system. The Air Force Communications Command, which oversees ASLAR operations, will use these results to determine if KC-135 aircraft should be permitted to fly ASLAR approaches. A SIMSCRIPT II.5 animated simulation model was developed to simulate the Runway 26 approach at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base under a variety of wind conditions. This model was expanded to show the feasibility of KC-135s flying ASLAR approaches and to determine proper controller …

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An Empirical Evaluation Of Five Circular Error Probable Estimation Techniques And A Method For Improving Them, William L. Tongue Mar 1993

An Empirical Evaluation Of Five Circular Error Probable Estimation Techniques And A Method For Improving Them, William L. Tongue

Theses and Dissertations

This study compared five CEP estimation techniques under the assumption that the crossrange and downrange miss distances of the sample data follow a bivariate normal distribution. The analysis determined the sensitivities of these models to changes in sample size, bias, correlation, and ellipticity in terms of three measures of effectiveness: Mean relative error (RE), variance of RE, and mean squared error (MSE) of RE. In general, it was found that sample size was the most significant parameter in determining the best CEP method. Mean RE provided a 'strong' distinction between estimators, while variance and MSE provided 'weak' distinctions between estimators. …

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Design Of A Hardware Discrete Event Simulation Coprocessor, David W. Daniel Mar 1993

Design Of A Hardware Discrete Event Simulation Coprocessor, David W. Daniel

Theses and Dissertations

A hardware discrete event simulation (DES) coprocessor was designed to eliminate synchronization overhead as a possible bottleneck. The target architecture is an eight node Intel iPSC/2 Hypercube, but this design has application to future CPU designs that wish to incorporate on-chip architectural features to better support parallel processor synchronization. A structural description of a general-purpose DES hardware coprocessor is given with approximately 90 percent of the components written at the gate level. The remaining components use low-level behavioral descriptions. While the DES coprocessor microcode implements the Chandy-Misra protocol, general-purpose support for a wide-range of protocols was a primary hardware design …

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Enhancements To The Animated Tutor For Air Combat Simulation, David A. Legge Mar 1993

Enhancements To The Animated Tutor For Air Combat Simulation, David A. Legge

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the use of the Ada programming language in combat modeling. It takes an existing combat model, the Animated Tutor for Air Combat Simulation (ATACS), and re-writes it into Ada. The new model also includes enhancements to the original model. ATACS+, as it is now called, is used as a learning tool in combat modeling classes at the Air Force Institute of Technology. ATACS+ consists of a preprocessor and a model, complete with two and three-dimensional graphics and engagement status reports. Conclusion are made about Ada's suitability for combat modeling, some of the features of Ada which can …

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A Modified Chi-Squared Goodness-Of-Fit Test For The Three-Parameter Gamma Distribution With Unknown Parameters, Thomas J. Sterle Mar 1993

A Modified Chi-Squared Goodness-Of-Fit Test For The Three-Parameter Gamma Distribution With Unknown Parameters, Thomas J. Sterle

Theses and Dissertations

A modified chi-squared goodness-of-fit test was created for the gamma distribution in the case where all three parameters must be estimated from the sample. Critical values are generated using a Monte Carlo simulation procedure with 5000 repetitions each. Random samples of 8 different sizes were drawn from gamma distributions with shape parameters 1, 1.5, 2., and 2.5. The shape, scale, and location parameters were then estimated from each sample, using an iterative technique combining the maximum likelihood and minimum distance methods, enabling, computation of the chi-squared statistics and critical values. The same process is used to generate random samples, parameter …

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Weapon System Integration For The Afit Virtual Cockpit, William E. Gerhard Jr. Jan 1993

Weapon System Integration For The Afit Virtual Cockpit, William E. Gerhard Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force Institute of Technology is continuing research in the Virtual Cockpit. The Virtual Cockpit makes use of high performance graphics workstations, Virtual Environment technology, and Distributed Interactive Simulation network protocols to create a flight simulator based on the capabilities of the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the design and implementation issues for integrating a weapons delivery capability. Weapons simulated include: RADAR and IR guided air- to-air missiles, gravity and precision guided bombs, and a 20mm cannon. Virtual Environment displays used include: color NTSC and monochrome high resolution helmet mounted displays …

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Collisional Detachment Of Anions Using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry, Kevin B. Riehl Dec 1992

Collisional Detachment Of Anions Using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry, Kevin B. Riehl

Theses and Dissertations

Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) is used to make energy resolved ion-neutral reaction measurements at high translational energies (up to several hundred eV). The technique is demonstrated for collisional detachment of anions, and should be easily applied to other inelastic reactions. Collisional detachment cross sections of iodine anions onto gas phase targets of neon, xenon, and trifluoromethyl iodide are measured for 1-300 eV (lab frame). Peak detachment cross sections are roughly 2, 8.5, and 7 Å2, respectively. Ion kinetic measurements show the iodine anion is unreactive in trifluoromethyl iodide at thermal energies. Positive ion chemistry is consistent with …

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Increasing The Corrected Field Of View Of An Adaptive Optical Telescope, Dustin C. Johnston Dec 1992

Increasing The Corrected Field Of View Of An Adaptive Optical Telescope, Dustin C. Johnston

Theses and Dissertations

Current adaptive optical telescope designs use a single deformable mirror (DM) to compensate for atmospheric distortion. The corrected field of view (FOV) of an adaptive optics system could be increased through the use of multiple DMs optically conjugated to corresponding planes which sample the turbulence region in altitude. Often, the atmospheric turbulence responsible for the degradation of telescope images is concentrated in several layers. Each DM would correct for the component of the total wavefront in the pupil contributed by one or more layers. If the atmosphere does not possess a layered structure, the best fit of the turbulence profile …

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Excitation And De-Excitation Mechanisms Of Er-Doped Gaas And Algaas, David W. Elsaesser Dec 1992

Excitation And De-Excitation Mechanisms Of Er-Doped Gaas And Algaas, David W. Elsaesser

Theses and Dissertations

Electrical and optical characterization have been performed on GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs samples doped with Er either by ion implantation or during Molecular Beam Epitaxial (MBE) growth. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Temperature-Dependent Hall Effect (TDH) measurements indicated the presence of two hole traps in Er-doped GaAs, at 35 and 360 meV above the valence band maximum. The former (shallower) center was thought to be due to Er substituting for a Ga atom (ErGa) and giving rise to an isoelectronic impurity potential. The second center was attributed to an Er atom occupying an interstitial …

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