Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Engineering (5735)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (2950)
- Aerospace Engineering (1674)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (1344)
- Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering (1247)
-
- Computer Sciences (1236)
- Business (993)
- Physics (919)
- Operational Research (610)
- Signal Processing (459)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (422)
- Computer Engineering (414)
- Aviation (353)
- Electrical and Electronics (351)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (349)
- Operations and Supply Chain Management (346)
- Materials Science and Engineering (335)
- Optics (330)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (279)
- Navigation, Guidance, Control and Dynamics (252)
- Other Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering (233)
- Human Resources Management (231)
- Systems Engineering (229)
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (198)
- Electromagnetics and Photonics (195)
- Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics (188)
- Environmental Sciences (188)
- Environmental Engineering (185)
- Nuclear Engineering (180)
- Applied Mathematics (178)
- Keyword
-
- #antcenter (380)
- #csra (134)
- Machine learning (93)
- Decision making (89)
- Algorithms (75)
-
- Global Positioning System (75)
- Image processing (73)
- Kalman filtering (65)
- Optimization (64)
- #afcec (62)
- Computer networks--Security measures (62)
- Drone aircraft (59)
- Computer security (57)
- Target acquisition (57)
- Neural networks (Computer science) (54)
- Software engineering (54)
- Additive manufacturing (52)
- Remote sensing (49)
- Flight control (48)
- Microelectromechanical systems (45)
- Computer vision (44)
- Artificial satellites (43)
- Decision support systems (43)
- #ctisr (42)
- Adaptive optics (42)
- Composite materials (42)
- Neural networks (41)
- Simulation (41)
- Wireless communication systems (41)
- Scheduling (40)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 391 - 420 of 8791
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Automated Image Registration For Titanium Aircraft Components Via Resolution-Robust Parallel Neural Networks, Paige T. Luebbering
Automated Image Registration For Titanium Aircraft Components Via Resolution-Robust Parallel Neural Networks, Paige T. Luebbering
Theses and Dissertations
Titanium alloys are vital to the structural integrity of military and commercial aircraft, comprising numerous critical components. These components are composed of microtexture regions (MTRs) that, at a specific size and orientation, can lead to aircraft failure. Existing MTR testing methods, such as Electron Backscatter Diffraction, often fall short in effectively detecting these MTRs without causing damage to the component. Addressing this gap, this thesis develops a Parallel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model tailored for multi-resolution image registration of Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) images to enhance MTR identification in a non-invasive manner. The findings reveal a significant enhancement in the …
A Reinforcement Learning Self-Play Approach For Informing Wargaming Analysis & Development, Kathleen A. Maclean
A Reinforcement Learning Self-Play Approach For Informing Wargaming Analysis & Development, Kathleen A. Maclean
Theses and Dissertations
The integration of RL into wargames to learn strategic and operational insights is of interest to the United States Air Force. This thesis explores the application of a RL SARSA(λ) algorithm to the wargame Stratagem MIST. The primary objective is to select air and ground combat policies for the Blue Agent to effectively counter various opponent strategies across different terrains. This testing enables a comprehensive evaluation of the Blue Agent’s adaptability and performance under varying combat conditions. The use of basis functions, linear value function approximations, and specific air and ground strategies simplifies the state and action spaces of the …
Bayesian Augmentation Of Object Detection Algorithms To Enhance Object Classification Stability, Taylor D. Markham
Bayesian Augmentation Of Object Detection Algorithms To Enhance Object Classification Stability, Taylor D. Markham
Theses and Dissertations
Neural networks, despite their prowess in computer vision, often exhibit "flickering". Flickering occurs when networks fail to maintain consistent object representation across frames, leading to inaccurate and inconsistent output. This problem is particularly critical in mission-surety applications where reliable object recognition is crucial. This research presents a novel approach that combines existing object detection and tracking algorithms like YOLO and SORT with a Bayesian backend model. This Bayesian backend incorporates probabilistic reasoning to analyze the network's confidence in its predictions and infer the most likely object identity across multiple frames, effectively reducing flickering and enhancing robustness.
Federated Analysis Of Wearables Data For United States Air Force Mental And Physical Readiness, Sung Yong O
Federated Analysis Of Wearables Data For United States Air Force Mental And Physical Readiness, Sung Yong O
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the use of machine learning and deep learning models within a federated learning framework to predict physical and mental readiness in military personnel, using wearable technology data. The collaboration with the 711th Human Performance Wing’s STRONG Lab highlights the importance of readiness as emphasized by the National Defense and Security Strategies. The study evaluates various predictive models, incorporating federated learning to ensure data privacy and security in healthcare systems. By analyzing a comprehensive dataset, the research aims to contribute to military readiness enhancement through technological advancements, supporting health and wellness initiatives to bolster the effectiveness of military …
The Impact Of Solar Angle And Cloud Shadows On 3d Reconstruction Of Rolling Stock Cargo, Carlina M. Ostrand
The Impact Of Solar Angle And Cloud Shadows On 3d Reconstruction Of Rolling Stock Cargo, Carlina M. Ostrand
Theses and Dissertations
Meeting the relentless demand for more efficient air cargo transportation is paramount. This paper explores an innovative approach, harnessing cutting-edge stereoscopic vision technology to create 3D point clouds of rolling stock cargo, adaptable to varying solar angles and cloud shadow conditions. A virtual cargo image is generated by systematically organizing depth and location points. Accuracy is rigorously tested across six camera positions offering detailed, real-time insights for optimized cargo loading in unpredictable outdoor conditions. The findings reveal the impact of solar positioning, cloud coverage, & camera placement, pushing the boundaries of possibilities for cargo logistics in challenging environments.
Factors Affecting The Retention Of Active Duty Airmen, Gregory A. Picardi
Factors Affecting The Retention Of Active Duty Airmen, Gregory A. Picardi
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the factors influencing the early exit of active duty Airmen, particularly in the context of the recruitment challenges faced by the USAF in Fiscal Year 2023. The research highlights the significant impact of the implementation of MHS Genesis, a healthcare administration program, on recruitment processes and the broader issues affecting military recruitment, including physical and emotional trauma concerns among potential recruits. Through a survey conducted at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base involving 251 participants, the study utilizes a Chi-square test to explore the primary and secondary reasons for leaving active duty, with family pressure, stability, and financial reasons …
A Reinforcement Learning Approach To The 2v2 Beyond Visual Range Air Combat Maneuvering Problem, Jacob J. Pike
A Reinforcement Learning Approach To The 2v2 Beyond Visual Range Air Combat Maneuvering Problem, Jacob J. Pike
Theses and Dissertations
This research examines a 2v2 air combat maneuvering problem (ACMP) in a Beyond Visual Range (BVR) environment. A discrete-time, infinite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) model represents the BVR-ACMP, seeking to determine high-quality policies for a pair of autonomous aircraft to execute tactical maneuvers and firing decisions. The Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration, and Modeling (AFSIM) characterizes the complex six-degree of freedom (6-DOF) aircraft operations, encompassing kinematics, sensors, and weapons. Given the high dimensionality and continuous nature of the state and decision variables, a deep reinforcement learning (RL) solution approach is adopted wherein the value function is approximated via a Neural …
A Random Forest-Based Q-Learning Algorithm: Toward Interpretable Artificial Intelligence, Victor R. Rae
A Random Forest-Based Q-Learning Algorithm: Toward Interpretable Artificial Intelligence, Victor R. Rae
Theses and Dissertations
A growing demand exists for interpretable artificial intelligence models, leading to extensive research efforts to enhance the explainability and transparency of policies generated by reinforcement learning (RL) methods. This research develops random forest-based RL algorithms as a logical progression in this academic pursuit. The algorithms are evaluated using three standard benchmark environments from OpenAI gym — CartPole, MountainCar, and LunarLander — and compared to implementations of the Deep Q-learning Network (DQN) and Double DQN (DDQN) algorithms for various metrics, including performance, robustness, efficiency, and interpretability. The random forest-based algorithms exhibit superior performance to both neural network-based algorithms in two out …
Measuring The Comparative Performance Of Usaf Behavioral Health Clinic Operations: Emphasis On Capacity, Daniel L. Straw
Measuring The Comparative Performance Of Usaf Behavioral Health Clinic Operations: Emphasis On Capacity, Daniel L. Straw
Theses and Dissertations
This research examines the operations of behavioral health clinics in Air Force Continental United States facilities, with a focus on operational efficiency and capacity through Data Envelopment Analysis. Most facilities operate near capacity, demonstrating efficient resource usage, but concerns arise with the potential of increased demand. Days-to-care and leakage are identified as major sources of inefficiency, suggesting that addressing these issues can enhance operations and reduce costs. The study also explores the impact of COVID-19 on care delivery.
Knowledge Management Modeling And Decision Analysis For Usmepcom, Luke G. Wunderlich
Knowledge Management Modeling And Decision Analysis For Usmepcom, Luke G. Wunderlich
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the adoption of Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) in enhancing the Knowledge Management (KM) program at USMEPCOM, aiming to align decision-making with the organization’s values and goals. Through evaluating the current knowledge flow and policy drafts, it proposes categorizing command messages, establishing a centralized information repository, and scheduling a daily order release to improve information accessibility and operational readiness. Although no alternative offers a perfect solution, implementing Command Message Categorization is expected to significantly enhance operational efficiency and prepare USMEPCOM for future challenges.
Navigating Complex Environments: A Comparative Study Of Shortest Path Algorithms For Military A2ad And Civilian Obstacle Avoidance, Ebony N. Williams
Navigating Complex Environments: A Comparative Study Of Shortest Path Algorithms For Military A2ad And Civilian Obstacle Avoidance, Ebony N. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates advanced navigation in complex environments for urban and military applications, focusing on overcoming obstacles through algorithms like Dijkstra's. It highlights the role of adaptable cost functions in customizing strategies for different scenarios. The research identifies effective algorithm-cost function combinations, improving route planning and safety in civilian and defense sectors. It advances pathfinding knowledge and sets the groundwork for future enhancements with Python simulations and AFSIM.
A Staged Framework For Llm-Powered Information Extraction In Government Contracts, Jung H. Yae
A Staged Framework For Llm-Powered Information Extraction In Government Contracts, Jung H. Yae
Theses and Dissertations
The manual extraction of meaningful insights and conversion of content into structured forms to enhance document processing require substantial resources and are susceptible to errors. Despite numerous applications of various Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to streamline the manual process, challenges persist due to domain-specific data constraints and the deficiency of annotated data. This study attempts to address these challenges by leveraging a Large Language Model (LLM) to analyze government contracts. Through rigorous evaluation, we demonstrate the LLM’s effectiveness in information extraction and mitigating hallucinations, achieving a 87.86% accuracy in metadata extraction.
Comparing The Return Of Investment Of Maintenance And Repair Treatments On Airfield Pavements, Aljhon C. Barrogo
Comparing The Return Of Investment Of Maintenance And Repair Treatments On Airfield Pavements, Aljhon C. Barrogo
Theses and Dissertations
Two decades of taking risks with infrastructure has led to a $33B backlog in deferred maintenance and recapitalization for the USAF, with expectations that this amount will triple in the next three decades. As this reality materializes, it becomes evident that the condition of infrastructure under the care of the USAF will undergo accelerated degradation. To address and rectify this situation, the Infrastructure Investment Strategy (I2S) was introduced. While the policy commits to bolstering the infrastructure budget to two percent of replacement value, it also acknowledges the necessity of implementing complementary strategies to effectively course correct. One strategy implied in …
Evaluating United States Air Force Installation Water Security, Michael L. Berg
Evaluating United States Air Force Installation Water Security, Michael L. Berg
Theses and Dissertations
Water shortage at Mountain Home Air Force Base in the last decade ignited the need for an assessment of relative water security risk across United States Air Force installations. Current evaluation methods often differ from actual conditions suggesting a need to categorize security across the enterprise for multiple discrete locations. Indicator-based approaches for characterizing water security are common in academic literature but have little methodological consensus and have rarely been applied to discrete areas spread across geographically separated locations with diverse climates. Using a two-stage analytical hierarchy process and normalized utility functions, water security at 30 installations across the continental …
The Impact Of Advancing Technology On Fire Control Radar Costs, Dustin M. Brewer
The Impact Of Advancing Technology On Fire Control Radar Costs, Dustin M. Brewer
Theses and Dissertations
Radar systems are integral components of fighter aircraft, gaining heightened importance with the emergence of fifth-generation variants. Among these systems, fire control radar plays a crucial role by providing pilots with unparalleled long-range sensing capabilities vital for navigation and target identification. The rapid evolution of radar technology is deemed essential to align with the evolving mission requirements, a factor anticipated to significantly impact radar system costs. This research investigates the influence of evolving technology on fire control radar development and production costs. To accomplish this objective, radars are categorized into generations based on existing literature, and a comparative analysis is …
An Assignment Model For Lateral Transfers Matching Base Repair Facilities To Xf3 Coded Nsns Requiring Repair, George D. Valaika
An Assignment Model For Lateral Transfers Matching Base Repair Facilities To Xf3 Coded Nsns Requiring Repair, George D. Valaika
Theses and Dissertations
This research addresses challenges in efficiently distributing reparable National Stock Numbers (NSNs) to base-level repair facilities, aiming to ease strain on depot resources. It establishes a network integrating bases with similar repair capabilities for NSNs and allocates NSNs to balance repair capacities. Drawing from USAF reparable inventory modeling and inventory management theory, it generates data mimicking historical data to maximize total expected part repairs by assigning NSNs based on the best percentage of base repair (PBR).
Discerning Satellite Subsystem Costs To Improve Cost Estimation, Ryan A. Candella
Discerning Satellite Subsystem Costs To Improve Cost Estimation, Ryan A. Candella
Theses and Dissertations
The race for supremacy in the space environment is accelerating, with the United States taking a significant step by establishing its dedicated military branch for space operations. Achieving dominance in this realm relies on efficiently managing costs and securing rapid funding to initiate new programs. One step towards accomplishing this goal is to comprehend the cost distribution across the primary components of a Space Vehicle Bus and to delve into lower-level Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) elements for more precise and expeditious cost estimations. To achieve this, descriptive statistics for a variety of Bus subsystem WBS elements are provided in this …
Comparative Analysis Of Satellite Battery Technologies: A Cross-Sectional And Temporal Study Within And Across Battery Types, Andrew H. Chung
Comparative Analysis Of Satellite Battery Technologies: A Cross-Sectional And Temporal Study Within And Across Battery Types, Andrew H. Chung
Theses and Dissertations
Trends in costs for batteries incorporated in satellite electrical power systems (EPS) have been identified by Space Systems Command (SSC) within the Unmanned Space Vehicle Cost Model (USCM) database. A subset of pre-1980s data consisting of Nickel-Cadmium battery costs was excluded from battery cost estimating relationship (CER) development as a result of this determination. This research aims to ascertain the impacts of these trends on satellite cost estimating practices by assessing developments in battery costs over time, comparing normalized Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) / NickelHydrogen (NiH2) / Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery costs, identifying differences between the NiH2 and Li-Ion modern battery types, and …
Development Of Cost Factors For Satellite Rechargeable Batteries, Katelyn A. Clements
Development Of Cost Factors For Satellite Rechargeable Batteries, Katelyn A. Clements
Theses and Dissertations
Factors are often used by the cost estimating profession to predict costs of future projects or project components. Cost factors can be useful when little to no cost data is available from which to build an initial estimate or as an easy-to-use cross check of a primary estimate. Specific to satellites, previous studies have examined cost factors at higher Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) levels (e.g., Level 2 or Level 3), while this research analyzes cost factors developed using data specific to rechargeable batteries at USCM WBS Level 4 and its parent, the Electrical Power System (EPS) at Level 3. Within …
A Statistical Analysis Of Phased Construction Projects, Timothy M. Dejong
A Statistical Analysis Of Phased Construction Projects, Timothy M. Dejong
Theses and Dissertations
The construction industry is known for exceeding target budgets and schedules, and Department of Defense projects are no exception. The Air Force Installation & Mission Support Center (AFIMSC) manages a budget of $3.14 billion to repair, alter, demolish, and maintain Air Force facilities. However, an ever-increasing backlog of maintenance and repair work and a consistently underfunded repair program pose an increased financial risk to the sustainability of the construction and repair program. Phasing large construction efforts is a potential strategy that has recently been used to yield efficiencies by AFIMSC program managers. This study presents a statistical analysis of phased …
Characterization Of Per- And Polyflouroalkyl Substances In Aqueous Filmforming Foam Wash Waters, John M. Diskin
Characterization Of Per- And Polyflouroalkyl Substances In Aqueous Filmforming Foam Wash Waters, John M. Diskin
Theses and Dissertations
The fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act mandated the publication of a military specification for a fluorine-free firefighting foam available for use no later than October 1, 2023. Replacing AFFF with a fluorine-free alternative creates the issue of decontaminating current firefighting infrastructure of residual PFAS without replacing these systems. To eliminate outstanding PFAS, the proposed solution is to drain the AFFF from current fire suppression systems and flush the plumbing three times with uncontaminated water. This study tested the efficacy of the triple rinse method by conducting scaled down experiments on a variety of plumbing components from a retired …
Long-Term Deterioration And Investment Modeling Of Water Distribution Infrastructure, Bethany M. Dorian
Long-Term Deterioration And Investment Modeling Of Water Distribution Infrastructure, Bethany M. Dorian
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) and municipal utilities rely on asset management processes to maximize utility of infrastructure assets while decreasing maintenance and repair costs. One of the core tenants of asset management is assessing the condition of the asset, which for water distribution pipes is challenging and costly to obtain. As a result, asset managers often rely upon pipe deterioration modeling using existing data, filling in the gaps when assessments are not available. This thesis uses USAF water distribution network data to develop a series of time-homogenous Markov chain probability models based on two sampling methods and four …
An Introduction Of Adaptive Training Aid Concepts And Its Application To Accelerated Training For Air Battle Managers, John C. Gillispie
An Introduction Of Adaptive Training Aid Concepts And Its Application To Accelerated Training For Air Battle Managers, John C. Gillispie
Theses and Dissertations
Over the years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to enable autonomous systems has undergone transformative shifts in the Department of Defense (DoD), revolutionizing capabilities and strategic approaches. To further optimize these advancements, varying levels of autonomy have been introduced across critical military applications, spanning intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), air battle management, and offensive/defensive air operations. As the technological landscape expands, so do the opportunities for autonomy to augment operations through human-agent teaming. Within the Air Force, one notably cognitively demanding role that stands to benefit from these strides is that of the Air Battle Manager (ABM). In support of …
Machine Learning Predictions Of Electricity Transfers Between Balancing Authorities In The Carolinas, Victoria Groleau
Machine Learning Predictions Of Electricity Transfers Between Balancing Authorities In The Carolinas, Victoria Groleau
Theses and Dissertations
Climate change through reduced streamflow, increased temperatures, and other factors impacts the efficiency of energy generation systems. The United States electric grid is comprised of a large network of balancing authorities engaged in trading electricity to maintain balance between supply and demand. The generation of electricity, a pivotal component of this balance, is impacted by climate change and weather variability as well as the growing demand for energy. Several hydro climatological factors such as streamflow, air temperature, and wind speed significantly influence the efficiency of power plant electricity generation. Due to the exchange of electricity between balancing authorities, impacts to …
Modeling Recovery Of The Florida Electric Transmission Grid After Severe Weather Event, Wei B. Guan
Modeling Recovery Of The Florida Electric Transmission Grid After Severe Weather Event, Wei B. Guan
Theses and Dissertations
Predicted changes to the climate are expected to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. The Florida electric grid is a critical infrastructure system susceptible to severe weather events, especially hurricanes, causing widespread damage and outages. A foundational concept of the electric grid’s resilience is its ability to recover after extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and flooding. The recovery of the electrical grid after an extreme event is predicated upon the electrical asset's remoteness and the component's level of damage. Using fragility analysis, previous models have assessed the mean time to recover for transmission towers and substations …
Optimizing Hub And Spoke Selections For Adaptive Basing In Agile Combat Employment, Alan Heng
Optimizing Hub And Spoke Selections For Adaptive Basing In Agile Combat Employment, Alan Heng
Theses and Dissertations
Advancing technologies and emerging competitors within the Indo-Pacific region have rendered the use of fixed installations for United States Air Force (USAF) operations less than optimal for generating airpower. The adoption of Agile Combat Employment (ACE) is imperative and emphasizes a hub-and-spoke model. However, the methodology for selection of contingency locations remains undecided. Current selection of optimal sites hinges on an optimization framework, employing either rank-based or mathematical approaches that consider various criteria to assess and quantify each location. These criteria are then addressed through objectives and constraints, forming the basis for an effective decision-making process. This paper introduces two …
Challenges That Inhibit Sbir Commercialization: The Small Businesses’ Perspective, Hart J. Holt
Challenges That Inhibit Sbir Commercialization: The Small Businesses’ Perspective, Hart J. Holt
Theses and Dissertations
Every year the United States invests $3.2B in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. The program seeks to promote innovation among the nation’s small businesses. This research considers challenges faced by small businesses working with the DoD, which accounts for half of the annual SBIR investment. We surveyed participating businesses with open-ended questions to understand their perspectives. Our data consists of 286 responses from firms that have held Air Force SBIR contracts. Using Qualitative Content Analysis, we identified five categories of challenges: SolverSeeker Disconnect, Funding, Engagement, Processes, and Seeker Education. Furthermore, the results of a statistical analysis indicated that …
Public-Private Partnerships (Ppps) In The Defense-Critical Semiconductor Industry: A History And Firm Level Analysis, Holden J. Holt
Public-Private Partnerships (Ppps) In The Defense-Critical Semiconductor Industry: A History And Firm Level Analysis, Holden J. Holt
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis provides 3 contributions to the literature of semiconductor industry industrial policy. The thesis (1) provides a historical overview of industrial policy within the U.S. semiconductor industry, (2) measures semiconductor public-private partnership (PPP) participation and (3) measures firm functions’ impact on firm level performance. PPP participation data was gathered from a sample of 10 semiconductor PPPs. Firm level performance data was collected from 66 public, U.S., SIC 3674 “Semiconductor and Related Devices” firms from 2014 to 2022, and a random effects, fixed effects, and pooled ordinary least squares regression was conducted on an unbalanced panel data set of 524 …
Predictive Analytics For Military Construction Overruns: A Machine Learning Approach, William D. Hunter
Predictive Analytics For Military Construction Overruns: A Machine Learning Approach, William D. Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
This research focused on analyzing cost and schedule overruns in a specific set of Air Force MILCON projects. Using data from the Built Infrastructure Common Operating Picture (BICOP), several advanced machine learning techniques, including LASSO regression and Random Forest, were applied to uncover patterns and build predictive models. The work sought to enhance the decision-making capabilities and efficiency of project managers within the Air Force through data-driven insights. A key finding from the models indicated that location was the most important factor in influencing a project’s tendency toward cost and schedule overrun. The best model for predicting schedule overrun achieved …
Quantifying Resilience And Redundancy For Air Force Linear Infrastructure, Ryan C. Jakovich
Quantifying Resilience And Redundancy For Air Force Linear Infrastructure, Ryan C. Jakovich
Theses and Dissertations
The historical underfunding of USAF infrastructure necessitates a strategic approach to reduce excess infrastructure while preserving resilience in the face of potential first-strike scenarios. This thesis formulates an infrastructure resilience metric that assesses network performance under varying degrees of damage. Furthermore, the study calculates the impact of redundant infrastructure by introducing added structural elements and measuring the resultant reduction in performance loss during damage scenarios. Utilizing USAF geospatial infrastructure data, adjacency matrices representing graph theory networks were constructed in Arc GIS Pro and evaluated using coding languages from the IGraph library and algorithms developed in RStudio. The newly proposed performance …