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Robust Scandium Aluminum Nitride Mems Resonators For L Band Operation In Orbital Environments, Israel W. Dunk
Robust Scandium Aluminum Nitride Mems Resonators For L Band Operation In Orbital Environments, Israel W. Dunk
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates AlN alloyed with scandium in a variety of resonator architectures including WEM, overtone WEM, LEM, and SAW that have the potential to achieve high levels of electrical performance and environmental robustness. SAW resonators operating near 370 MHz are fabricated on polycrystalline Sc.37Al.63N, and AlN with the resulting devices compared and conclusions drawn as to the merits of each material. The design and fabrication of SAW devices is discussed in detail, with the operating characteristics of these resonators then tested both electrically and mechanically. Mechanical characterisation includes analysis of vibration and shock effects on …
Surface Defect Detection In Aircraft Skin & Visual Navigation Based On Forced Feature Selection Through Segmentation, Tyler B. Hussey
Surface Defect Detection In Aircraft Skin & Visual Navigation Based On Forced Feature Selection Through Segmentation, Tyler B. Hussey
Theses and Dissertations
Visual inspection of aircraft skin for surface defects is an area of maintenance that is particularly intensive for time and manpower. One novel way to combat this problem is through the use of computer vision and the advent of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), or more specifically, semantic segmentation via Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The research in the paper explores the use of semantic segmentation of aerial imagery as a way to force feature selection onto key areas of an image that might be more likely to correspond under seasonal variations. Utilizing feature selection and matching on the masked aerial image …
Supporting Space Domain Awareness Through The Development And Analysis Of Space Object Detection Algorithms Employed By Ground-Based Telescopes, Connor A. Paw
Theses and Dissertations
Detection algorithms are instrumental in maintaining space domain awareness, specifically in the observation, monitoring, and categorization of unknown space objects. State of the art detection algorithms utilize a matched filter or a spatial correlator on long exposure image data to make pixel-wise detection decisions. This thesis investigates the advantages and practical potential of two different post-processing detection algorithms that can be employed by ground-based telescopes. The first algorithm explored is based on a long exposure Fourier domain processing technique, while the second is centered around frame selection from a series of short exposure images. The results of the experiments performed …
Enumerating And Locating Bluetooth Devices For Casualty Recovery In A First-Responder Environment, Justin M. Durham
Enumerating And Locating Bluetooth Devices For Casualty Recovery In A First-Responder Environment, Justin M. Durham
Theses and Dissertations
It is difficult for first-responders to quickly locate casualties in an emergency environment such as an explosion or natural disaster. In order to provide another tool to locate individuals, this research attempts to identify and estimate the location of devices that would likely be located on or with a person. A variety of devices, such as phones, smartwatches, and Bluetooth-enabled locks, are tested in multiple environments and at various heights to determine the impact that placement and interference played in locating the devices. The hypothesis is that most Bluetooth devices can be successfully enumerated quickly, but cannot be accurately located …
Characterizing Security Monitor And Embedded System Performance Across Distinct Risc-V Ip-Cores, Justin C. Tullos
Characterizing Security Monitor And Embedded System Performance Across Distinct Risc-V Ip-Cores, Justin C. Tullos
Theses and Dissertations
Embedded systems have seen a rapid integration into all forms of industry as they continue to shrink in size and cost. The increased demand has highlighted a need for secure systems that are robust to attacks and demonstrate reliable performance, especially if the system operation is time-critical. E orts to characterize the performance of secure systems have been obstructed either by proprietary restrictions or ineffective analysis. Proprietary technology limits a comprehensive validation of a system's security and the implications it might have on performance. Performance analysis that is disclosed often lacks sufficient statistical rigor needed for a complex system. A …
Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among East Asian Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Meaghan E. Crandell
Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among East Asian Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Meaghan E. Crandell
Theses and Dissertations
The current narrative in logistics revolves around modernization and the rapid development and deployment of capabilities, which is a sentiment echoed across the Air Force and the DoD alike. However, the combination of intangible and tangible aspects of logistics can make it challenging to find a foundational place to start the process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate logistical factors to include land area, infrastructure, labor force, and GDP and their relationship to military power. This foundation will provide a baseline of areas for improvement and replication. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and linear regression were leveraged to analyze …
Examining Military Cargo Pilots' Eco-Friendly Flying Intention, Ioan A. Gaitan
Examining Military Cargo Pilots' Eco-Friendly Flying Intention, Ioan A. Gaitan
Theses and Dissertations
The US Air Force is the largest operational energy consumer within the Department of Defense primarily due to aviation fuel use. Military pilots can play important roles in saving aviation fuel by flying aircraft in an eco-friendly manner. According to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), intention is the major predictor of behavior. This study tests two models based on TPB for understanding cargo pilots’ eco-friendly intentions when they conduct channel or logistics missions. The study found that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control were significant antecedents to intention in a multiple regression with aggregated scales.
Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among European Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Hunter C. Kalin
Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among European Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Hunter C. Kalin
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to evaluate if logistics and economic factors affect how a country achieves its military power. Countries have focused on material factors such as nuclear weapons or massive military presence for far too long. What has not been discussed is, do other factors play a role in achieving military power. This study applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and linear regression to a series of United States European Command (EUCOM) countries and the United States to understand how efficient each country was at achieving its military power. Additionally, the overall relationship between military power and each …
Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker
Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker
Theses and Dissertations
The USAFRICOM is studying methods to increase the resiliency of its West African Logistic Network, a hub-and-spoke network design responsible for sustaining long term humanitarian and security missions in the West Africa region. This paper employs a two-stage stochastic programming network design modeled on the WALN that builds a flexible supply chain capable of responding to periodic disruptions while maintaining peak resiliency. Elements such as cost, probability, and event-based disruption are integrated into the model to mirror challenges the WALN faces. We demonstrate that incorporating resilient based response mechanism provide a 90% reduction in cost compared to meeting the logistical …
Resilient Maintenance Infrastructure: Dynamic Repair Network Designs To Effectively Manage Supply Chain Disruptions, David W. Wallace Iii
Resilient Maintenance Infrastructure: Dynamic Repair Network Designs To Effectively Manage Supply Chain Disruptions, David W. Wallace Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Supply chains are facing numerous changes contributing to their increase in complexity and vulnerability to disruptions. Subsequently, decision-makers lack a transparent, generalizable tool to quantify supply chain resilience and assess additional resilience investments. This research facilitates a more profound understanding of the intricacies and interrelation of supply chain nodes and constructs. It integrates the Area under the Curve (AUC) metric to quantify performance or any organizational measure of competitive advantage amid a disruption. Due to its structural resemblance to various organizational platforms, the subset United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 engine repair and supply network is modeled employing discrete-event simulation. …
A Simulation Modeling The Effects Of Maintenance Personnel On Aircraft Sortie Generation, Benjamin D. Huffman
A Simulation Modeling The Effects Of Maintenance Personnel On Aircraft Sortie Generation, Benjamin D. Huffman
Theses and Dissertations
Commanders and wargamers lack adequate tools to quickly determine the number of mission-capable (MC) aircraft and number of achievable sorties to support wargames and exercises. Even less understood is the impact of available maintenance personnel on sortie generation. The Expected-Number-of-In-Game-Mission-capable Aircraft (ENIGMA) simulation was recently developed to calculate the number of MC aircraft and number of sorties own accounting for the number and type of aircraft, scheduled sorties, mean-time-between-failure (MTBF), and mean-time-to-repair (MTTR). ENIGMA is extended by replacing the MTTR input with functions derived from actual numbers and types of maintenance personnel available. Functions in the form of response surface …
Improving Airfield Pavement Degradation Prediction Skill With Local Climate And Traffic, Evan M. Fortney
Improving Airfield Pavement Degradation Prediction Skill With Local Climate And Traffic, Evan M. Fortney
Theses and Dissertations
Airfield pavements are a critical component of the global transportation network that provide a platform for national defense. Preventative and corrective maintenance activities are founded upon accurate expectations of degradation. The leading pavement management software creates degradation predictions from pavement groups using age as the IV and current state conditions as the DV. For this work, a framework is created and implemented that utilizes a PCR model to build upon accepted practices for degradation modeling to enhance and possibly augment future prediction capabilities. The model was applied to pairs of location and pavement family and reveals several findings: the selected …
Neuromorphic Vision Sensors For Space-Based Applications, Jessica L. Horn
Neuromorphic Vision Sensors For Space-Based Applications, Jessica L. Horn
Theses and Dissertations
This research examines the viability of event-based vision (neuromorphic) sensors for future use on satellites. Outputting single pixel events only when a change in intensity is detected, event-based vision sensors offer a potential low power, low latency, high temporal resolution, and high dynamic range solution as compared to traditional CCD or CMOS camera technology. The commercial off-the-shelf DVS240C sensor, is analyzed to determine if operability is affected by launch conditions and the low Earth space environment through vacuum, thermal vacuum, and vibration tests. No appreciable changes in sensor operation was observed throughout testing. Additionally, the sensor was able to detect …
Resupply Operations Of A Dispersed Infantry Brigade Combat Team Using Approximate Dynamic Programming, Camero K. Song
Resupply Operations Of A Dispersed Infantry Brigade Combat Team Using Approximate Dynamic Programming, Camero K. Song
Theses and Dissertations
Military sustainment planners must consider the effective employment of Cargo Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (CUAVs) into resupply operations under austere threat conditions. Viewed as an inventory routing problem, the complexities of resupplying dislocated Forward Operating Bases (FOBs) under dangerous and dynamic conditions warrant additional features to the baseline problem. This research models a military stochastic inventory routing problem with multiple routing (MIL SIRP- MR) as a Markov decision process (MDP) model and provides high-quality policy solutions using a combination of approximate dynamic programming and ordinal optimization techniques.
Evaluating The Impact Of Culture On Customer Satisfaction For Fms Projects, Yaquari A. Adams Ii
Evaluating The Impact Of Culture On Customer Satisfaction For Fms Projects, Yaquari A. Adams Ii
Theses and Dissertations
The cost, time, and quality pillars of the iron triangle in project management are often considered the most important factors for managers to consider when striving to achieve project success. However, recent literature suggests customer satisfaction and end-user benefit are the most important elements to prioritize during project development. This research analyzes the Air Force Security Assistance Center Construction Division and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) joint construction operations in relation to two Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) knowledge areas, project stakeholder management and project risk management. Project stakeholder management is addressed by identifying the relationship between cultural competency and …
Cislunar Debris Propagation Following A Catastrophic Spacecraft Mishap, Nathan R. Boone
Cislunar Debris Propagation Following A Catastrophic Spacecraft Mishap, Nathan R. Boone
Theses and Dissertations
This research involves theoretical analysis of the short- and long-term motion of space debris in cislunar trajectories following a spacecraft catastrophic mishap. Specifically, the research formulates a debris propagation model using four-body dynamics and determines debris trajectories following breakup events for a variety of different initial orbital positions. A spacecraft survivability model is then used to quantify the risks from the debris to other cislunar spacecraft. First, a study of the risks due to natural debris comprising the Kordylewski clouds at the Earth-Moon ��4 and ��5 Lagrange points is conducted as an introduction to cislunar debris propagation. Next, …
Hybridized Spacecraft Attitude Control Via Reinforcement Learning Using Control Moment Gyroscope Arrays, Cecily C. Agu
Hybridized Spacecraft Attitude Control Via Reinforcement Learning Using Control Moment Gyroscope Arrays, Cecily C. Agu
Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning techniques in the form of reinforcement learning (RL) can solve complex nonlinear problems found within spacecraft attitude determination and control systems (ADCS). Three CMG arrays were implemented in two simulated spacecraft environments using a reinforcement learning controller. The performance of the controllers were evaluated using target profiles from traditional control law implementations, singularity measure, and variable initial state values. The current research demonstrates that while RL techniques can be implemented, further exploration is needed to investigate the operational efficacy of an approach for producing comparable performance attributes with respect to traditional control laws.
Using Motion Capture And Augmented Reality To Test Aar With Boom Occlusion, Vincent J. Bownes
Using Motion Capture And Augmented Reality To Test Aar With Boom Occlusion, Vincent J. Bownes
Theses and Dissertations
The operational capability of drones is limited by their inability to perform aerial refueling. This can be overcome by automating the process with a computer vision solution. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of automated aerial refueling (AAR) in simulation. To progress this technique to the real world, this thesis conducts experiments using real images of a physical aircraft replica and a motion capture system for truth data. It also compares the error between the real and virtual experiments to validate the fidelity of the simulation. Results indicate that the current technique is effective on real images and that the …
A Fixed-Point Method For Computing Steady-State 2d Laser-Fluid Interactions, Jeremiah S. Lane
A Fixed-Point Method For Computing Steady-State 2d Laser-Fluid Interactions, Jeremiah S. Lane
Theses and Dissertations
This research introduces a fixed-point numerical approach for solving the steady-state Navier-Stokes (NS) equations on a finite two-dimensional (2D) domain. The steady-state interaction between a high energy laser beam and its surrounding fluid medium is important to researchers in the field of high energy laser beam propagation. The solutions to the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations provide a model for uncovering the steady-state behavior of the fluid medium, which is useful for the modeling of thermal blooming in laser beam propagation. Numerical solutions remain the only tenable option for solving the NS equations, wherein numerical speed and fidelity beget the utility of …
Mitigating The Multipath Effects On Radio Tomographic Imaging, Destinee N. Battle
Mitigating The Multipath Effects On Radio Tomographic Imaging, Destinee N. Battle
Theses and Dissertations
Various radio tomographic imaging (RTI) models and reconstruction methods are equipped with capabilities to mitigate the effects of multipath interference. This thesis combined the network shadowing (NeSh) and weighting-g models in conjunction with Tikhonov regularization and low-rank and sparse decomposition (LRSD). MATLAB was used to implement the four combinations for six experimental data sets and produce attenuation images. The attenuation images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to accomplish the goal of determining which combination performed best at locating human targets. After analyzing the results, it was determined that no single combination outperformed the others for at least three out of …
Stereo Camera Calibrations With Optical Flow, Joshua D. Larson
Stereo Camera Calibrations With Optical Flow, Joshua D. Larson
Theses and Dissertations
Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) are currently unable to refuel mid-air due to the large communication delays between their operators and the aircraft. AAR seeks to address this problem by reducing the communication delay to a fast line-of-sight signal between the tanker and the RPA. Current proposals for AAR utilize stereo cameras to estimate where the receiving aircraft is relative to the tanker, but require accurate calibrations for accurate location estimates of the receiver. This paper improves the accuracy of this calibration by improving three components of it: increasing the quantity of intrinsic calibration data with CNN preprocessing, improving the quality …
Meta-Heuristic Optimization Methods For Quaternion-Valued Neural Networks, Jeremiah P. Bill
Meta-Heuristic Optimization Methods For Quaternion-Valued Neural Networks, Jeremiah P. Bill
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, real-valued neural networks have demonstrated promising, and often striking, results across a broad range of domains. This has driven a surge of applications utilizing high-dimensional datasets. While many techniques exist to alleviate issues of high-dimensionality, they all induce a cost in terms of network size or computational runtime. This work examines the use of quaternions, a form of hypercomplex numbers, in neural networks. The constructed networks demonstrate the ability of quaternions to encode high-dimensional data in an efficient neural network structure, showing that hypercomplex neural networks reduce the number of total trainable parameters compared to their real-valued …
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Sporadic-E (Es) occurrence rates from Global Position Satellite radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements have shown to vary by nearly an order of magnitude between studies, motivating a comparison with ground-based measurements. In an attempt to find an accurate GPS-RO technique for detecting Es formation, occurrence rates derived using five previously developed GPS-RO techniques are compared to ionosonde measurements over an eight-year period from 2010-2017. GPS-RO measurements within 170 km of a ionosonde site are used to calculate Es occurrence rates and compared to the ground-truth ionosonde measurements. Each technique is compared individually for each ionosonde site and then combined to determine …
Thermal Ignition Of A Combustible Over An Inclined Hot Plate, Salaika Parvin, Nepal Chandra Roy, Rama S. R. Gorla
Thermal Ignition Of A Combustible Over An Inclined Hot Plate, Salaika Parvin, Nepal Chandra Roy, Rama S. R. Gorla
Faculty Publications
In this study, the ignition characteristics and the flow properties of the mixed convection flow are presented. Detailed formulations of the forced, natural and mixed convection problems have been discussed. In order to avoid inconvenient switch between the forced and natural convection we introduce a continuous transformation in the mixed convection. We make a comparison between these situations which reveal a good agreement. For mixed convection flow, the ignition distance is explicitly expressed as a function of the Prandtl number, reaction parameter and wall temperature. It has been observed that owing to the increase of the aforesaid parameters, the thermal …
Independently Controlling Stochastic Field Realization Magnitude And Phase Statistics For The Construction Of Novel Partially Coherent Sources, Milo W. Hyde Iv
Independently Controlling Stochastic Field Realization Magnitude And Phase Statistics For The Construction Of Novel Partially Coherent Sources, Milo W. Hyde Iv
Faculty Publications
In this paper, we present a method to independently control the field and irradiance statistics of a partially coherent beam. Prior techniques focus on generating optical field realizations whose ensemble-averaged autocorrelation matches a specified second-order field moment known as the cross-spectral density (CSD) function. Since optical field realizations are assumed to obey Gaussian statistics, these methods do not consider the irradiance moments, as they, by the Gaussian moment theorem, are completely determined by the field’s first and second moments. Our work, by including control over the irradiance statistics (in addition to the CSD function), expands existing synthesis approaches and allows …
A Life Cycle Comparison Of Remote, Deployed Expeditionary Waste Management Scenarios, David J. Chester, Chandrani Mukherjee, Jeremy M. Slagley, Eric Mbonimpa, Thomas Hornstein
A Life Cycle Comparison Of Remote, Deployed Expeditionary Waste Management Scenarios, David J. Chester, Chandrani Mukherjee, Jeremy M. Slagley, Eric Mbonimpa, Thomas Hornstein
Faculty Publications
The current barrier to acquisition and utilization of viable waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies at remote or deployed expeditionary sites requires high capital and operation & maintenance costs. The impacts to environment and human health of differing expeditionary waste management strategies were compared using the Life Cycle Assessment software SimaPro 8.0. Emissions of individual waste management scenarios were compiled from peer-reviewed literature, converted to values compatible with SimaPro’s waste scenario inputs, and the calculated impacts compared using SimaPro’s pre-loaded methodologies. These calculated impacts and the economic impacts confirm that open-air burning of waste is not only dangerous to humans and the environment, …
Sparc: Statistical Performance Analysis With Relevance Conclusions, Justin C. Tullos, Scott R. Graham, Jeremy D. Jordan, Pranav R. Patel
Sparc: Statistical Performance Analysis With Relevance Conclusions, Justin C. Tullos, Scott R. Graham, Jeremy D. Jordan, Pranav R. Patel
Faculty Publications
The performance of one computer relative to another is traditionally characterized through benchmarking, a practice occasionally deficient in statistical rigor. The performance is often trivialized through simplified measures, such as the approach of central tendency, but doing so risks a loss of perspective of the variability and non-determinism of modern computer systems. Authentic performance evaluations are derived from statistical methods that accurately interpret and assess data. Methods that currently exist within performance comparison frameworks are limited in efficacy, statistical inference is either overtly simplified or altogether avoided. A prevalent criticism from computer performance literature suggests that the results from difference …
Zynq System-On-Chip Dma Messaging For Processor Monitoring, Daniel F. Koranek, Douglas D. Hodson, Scott R. Graham
Zynq System-On-Chip Dma Messaging For Processor Monitoring, Daniel F. Koranek, Douglas D. Hodson, Scott R. Graham
Faculty Publications
Xilinx Zynq-7000 System-on-Chip architectures combine an ARM Cortex-A9 core with an FPGA fabric. One benefit of this hybrid architecture is that it allows fast prototyping of designs where the security of either the processing system (PS) is monitored by the programmable logic (PL) or vice versa. The choice of implementing a design in the PS or PL is driven by cost-to-benefit analysis across many factors. This effort examines the design process required to construct security monitoring designs that use both the PS and PL. For background, this effort reviews similar security monitoring projects. For the effort, a PL peripheral was …
Photoinduced Trapping Of Charge At Sulfur Vacancies And Copper Ions In Photorefractive Sn2P2S6 Crystals, Timothy D. Gustafson, Eric M. Golden, Elizabeth M. Scherrer, Nancy C. Giles, A. A. Grabar, Sergey A. Basun, Jonathan E. Slagle [*], Larry E. Halliburton
Photoinduced Trapping Of Charge At Sulfur Vacancies And Copper Ions In Photorefractive Sn2P2S6 Crystals, Timothy D. Gustafson, Eric M. Golden, Elizabeth M. Scherrer, Nancy C. Giles, A. A. Grabar, Sergey A. Basun, Jonathan E. Slagle [*], Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to monitor photoinduced changes in the charge states of sulfur vacancies and Cu ions in tin hypothiodiphosphate. A Sn2P2S6 crystal containing Cu+ (3d10) ions at Sn2+ sites was grown by the chemical vapor transport method. Doubly ionized sulfur vacancies (V2+S) are also present in the as-grown crystal (where they serve as charge compensators for the Cu+ ions). For temperatures below 70 K, exposure to 532 or 633 nm laser light produces stable Cu2+ (3d9) ions, as electrons move from Cu+ ions to …
An Assessment Of The Spatial Variation Of Isotopic Ratios In A Candu Reactor For Nuclear Treaty Monitoring, Aaron W. Burkhardt, James E. Bevins, Stephen H. Baxter
An Assessment Of The Spatial Variation Of Isotopic Ratios In A Candu Reactor For Nuclear Treaty Monitoring, Aaron W. Burkhardt, James E. Bevins, Stephen H. Baxter
Faculty Publications
A 3-D Quarter-Core CANDU-6 is modeled using Serpent 2 for nuclear treaty monitoring. The spatial variation of flux spectra and isotopic concentrations is analyzed to determine the potential isotopic distribution of key radionuclides from standard reactor operations relevant to non-proliferation. The initial results of the model show a 46% difference in overall flux magnitude throughout the core as well as a 2-30% difference in discrete energy flux. The coupled production rate (magnitude) and spectral differences can contribute to significant spatial variations in isotope ratios throughout the core. Initial results indicate 239 Pu/ 240 Pu ratios vary by as much as …