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Methodology For The Analysis And Design Of Internet Software Components Providing Relational Database Access Through The World Wide Web, Daniel L. Dipiro
Methodology For The Analysis And Design Of Internet Software Components Providing Relational Database Access Through The World Wide Web, Daniel L. Dipiro
Theses and Dissertations
This work examines the application of Internet software technologies to provide access to remote relational databases via the World Wide Web. The research applies these software technologies to assist the Air Force Institute of Technology Civilian Institute Program in improving operations and student to staff communication. An analysis of the existing Internet software technologies revealed several competing technologies capable of performing the same database access functions. The analysis further revealed weaknesses and inconsistencies in the existing AFIT/CI database. A methodology is proposed to assist in analyzing an existing development environment and in selecting among the competing technologies to provide the …
Regression Analysis Of Radar Measured Optical Turbulence With Synoptic Scale Meteorological Variables, Diana L. Hajek
Regression Analysis Of Radar Measured Optical Turbulence With Synoptic Scale Meteorological Variables, Diana L. Hajek
Theses and Dissertations
A key issue to the USAF's Airborne Laser (ABL) program is the ability to accurately predict the level of optical turbulence that the ABL will encounter at its flight levels. The optical turbulence must be characterized so that the range and range variation of the ABL can be determined. Gravity wave spectra resulting from frontal or jet stream passage are presumed to cause layers of optical turbulence; however, exact relationships between optical turbulence and synoptic scale meteorological phenomena are unclear. This study assesses the statistical relationship between optical turbulence and synoptic scale variables through multiple linear regression. The optical turbulence …
A Validation Study Of The Air Force Weather Agency (Afwa) Jetrax Contrail Forecast Algorithm, Jeffrey D. Shull
A Validation Study Of The Air Force Weather Agency (Afwa) Jetrax Contrail Forecast Algorithm, Jeffrey D. Shull
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate contrail forecasts allow pilots to avoid levels of the atmosphere which are conducive to contrail formation, reducing their likelihood of being visually detected by enemy forces. The primary objective of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of the JETRAX contrail forecast algorithm currently used by the Air Force Weather Agency to support military air operations. A total of 397 ground-based contrail observations were collected at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base on 27 different days. Observations were collected with the aid of air traffic control radar, which greatly facilitated the positive identification of overflying aircraft and provided necessary information such …
Analysis Of Alternatives: Multivariate Considerations, John J. Siegner
Analysis Of Alternatives: Multivariate Considerations, John J. Siegner
Theses and Dissertations
The Aeronautical System Center (ASC) is developing a Simulation and Analysis Facility (SIMAF) that will link models, simulations, hardware-in-the-loop, and system-in-the-loop resources to create a robust virtual environment supporting assessment of alternate systems in the defense acquisition process. ENS is assisting ASC with scenario development, experimental design, and battleroom visualization efforts for a SIMAF capability demonstration. This thesis uses multivariate analysis and visualization tools to develop an approach for reducing the dimensionality of multiple campaign level measures of effectiveness for a notional Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) study. Additionally, the thesis advances an AoA visualization paradigm for the SIMAF capability demonstration. …
The Application Of Sequential Convex Programming To Large-Scale Structural Optimization Problems, Todd A. Sriver
The Application Of Sequential Convex Programming To Large-Scale Structural Optimization Problems, Todd A. Sriver
Theses and Dissertations
Structural design problems are often modeled using finite element methods. Such models are often characterized by constraint functions that are not explicitly defined in terms of the design variables. These functions are typically evaluated through numerical finite element analysis (FEA). Optimizing large-scale structural design models requires computationally expensive FEAs to obtain function and gradient values. An optimization approach which uses the SCP sequential convex programming algorithm of Zillober, integrated as the optimizer in the Automated Structural Optimization System (ASTROS), is tested. The traditional approach forms an explicitly defined approximate subproblem at each design iteration that is solved using the method …
A New Sequential Goodness Of Fit Test For The Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution With Known Shape Based On Skewness And Kurtosis, Jonathan C. Clough
A New Sequential Goodness Of Fit Test For The Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution With Known Shape Based On Skewness And Kurtosis, Jonathan C. Clough
Theses and Dissertations
The Weibull distribution finds wide applicability across a broad spectrum of disciplines and is very prevalent in reliability theory. Consequently, numerous statistical tests have been developed to determine whether sample data can be adequately modeled with this distribution. Unfortunately, the majority of these goodness-of-fit tests involve a substantial degree of computational complexity. The study presented here develops and evaluates a new sequential goodness-of-fit test for the three-parameter Weibull distribution with a known shape that delivers power comparable to popular procedures while dramatically reducing computational requirements. The new procedure consists of two distinct tests, using only the sample skewness and sample …
Azimuth And Range Optimization Of The Velocity Azimuth Display (Vad) Algorithm In The Wsr-88d, David L. Craft
Azimuth And Range Optimization Of The Velocity Azimuth Display (Vad) Algorithm In The Wsr-88d, David L. Craft
Theses and Dissertations
The Velocity Azimuth Display (VAD) algorithm occasionally produces inaccurate wind estimates for the VAD Wind Profile (VWP) product of the Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) System. Weather forecasters have observed differences between the radar's wind profiles and wind profiles produced by rawinsondes and vertical wind profilers, when radiation and subsidence inversions in the atmosphere caused the radar beam to super refract. This thesis sought to improve the operational use of the VWP product for the WSR-88D near Denver, CO, by finding the optimal VAD algorithm Azimuth and Range parameter settings to overcome data contamination by hills located at the …
Calibrated Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts Based On The Mrf Ensemble, Frederick Anthony Eckel
Calibrated Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts Based On The Mrf Ensemble, Frederick Anthony Eckel
Theses and Dissertations
Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPF) based on the medium range forecast (MRF) ensemble are currently in operational use below their full potential quality (i.e., accuracy and reliability). This unfulfilled potential is due to the MRF ensemble being adversely affected by systematic errors which arise from an imperfect model and less than ideal ensemble initial perturbations. This thesis sought to construct a calibration to account for these systematic errors and thus produce higher quality PQPF. Systematic errors were explored with the use of the verification rank histogram, which tracks the performance of the ensemble. The information in these histograms was then …
Cross-Resolution Combat Model Calibration Using Bootstrap Sampling, Bryan S. Livergood
Cross-Resolution Combat Model Calibration Using Bootstrap Sampling, Bryan S. Livergood
Theses and Dissertations
The US Air Force uses many combat simulation models to assist them in performing combat analyses. BRAWLER is a high-resolution air-to-air combat simulation model used for engagement-level analyses of few-on-few air combat. THUNDER is a low-resolution combat simulation model used for campaign-level analyses of theater-level warfare. BRAWLER is frequently used to ensure that THUNDER air-to-air inputs are valid. This thesis describes the confederation of THUNDER and BRAWLER by clearly showing how one particular BRAWLER output, the effectiveness of a missile type, is transformed into THUNDER air-to-air input data. Since BRAWLER is a stochastic simulation model, it is necessary to replicate …
Forecasting Wet Microbursts Associated With Summertime Airmass Thunderstorms Over The Southeastern United States, James B. Mackey
Forecasting Wet Microbursts Associated With Summertime Airmass Thunderstorms Over The Southeastern United States, James B. Mackey
Theses and Dissertations
Microbursts are intense downbursts from thunderstorms that affect an area less than 4 km and have a lifespan less than 10 minutes. Wet microbursts are associated with heavy precipitation and are common in the eastern and southeastern part of the country. The greatest threat from microbursts is to low flying aircraft, where the rapid fluctuations in horizontal and vertical airflow create tremendous shear zones. Microbursts have been determined to be the causal factor behind at least three major aircraft accidents resulting in numerous fatalities. Due to the short lifespan of microbursts, they often strike without warning and pose a serious …
Optimizing The Efficiency Of A Multi-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor: An Application Of Stage-Wise Optimization, Shawn A. Miller
Optimizing The Efficiency Of A Multi-Stage Axial-Flow Compressor: An Application Of Stage-Wise Optimization, Shawn A. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
The development of jet engines has become an integral part of maintaining air superiority. In order to achieve the most advanced engine, research has turned to traditional optimization methods to aid in creating new engine designs. To develop simplified mathematical models representative of the engine, the engine can be separated into its components. A jet engine has three major elements, the compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. This research attempts to make an initial analysis of a two stage compressor to determine values of blade angles and spacing to chord ratios for both stages that produce the highest possible efficiency for …
Improved Mathematical Modeling For Gps Based Navigation, Salvatore Nardi
Improved Mathematical Modeling For Gps Based Navigation, Salvatore Nardi
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is concerned with the development of new closed form GPS position determination algorithms that work in the presence of pseudorange measurement noise. The mathematical derivation of two closed form algorithms, based on stochastic modeling and estimation techniques, is presented. The algorithms provide an estimate of the GPS solution parameters (viz., the user position and the user clock bias) as well as the estimation error covariance. The experimental results are analyzed by comparison to the baseline results from the conventional Iterative Least Squares (ILS) algorithm. In typical GPS scenarios, the closed form algorithms are extremely sensitive to noise, making …
An Advanced Visualization Method For An Operations Research Analysis, Steven C. Oimoen
An Advanced Visualization Method For An Operations Research Analysis, Steven C. Oimoen
Theses and Dissertations
Visualizing multidimensional data using only two dimensions and conventional visualization techniques limits the understanding of the data set. Underlying structures or patterns within the data can easily go unnoticed. In order to gain additional insight into an analysis, incorporation of visualization and multidimensional graphics into the analysis results should be accomplished. The results must ensure that the information portrayed is not misleading or misunderstood. The integrity of the data must be preserved throughout the transformation. The primary objective of this research effort is to identify techniques to visualize multidimensional data and then develop a software tool to display the multidimensional …
A Comparison Of Advect Cloud Model And Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model Total Fractional Cloud Forecasts, Brian D. Pukall
A Comparison Of Advect Cloud Model And Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model Total Fractional Cloud Forecasts, Brian D. Pukall
Theses and Dissertations
Total fractional cloudiness (FC) forecasts from the advect cloud (ADVCLD) model and total FC forecasts diagnosed from the relative humidity and total cloud condensate (snow, ice, rain water, and cloud water) fields from the fifth generation mesoscale model (MM5) were statistically and subjectively compared to determine which model produced the better total FC forecasts from August through November 1997 for a forecast window centered on Bosnia. The real time nephanalysis (RTNFPH) model was used to represent the true state of the atmosphere. ADVCLD and MM5 forecasts were also compared against a persistence forecast to provide a minimal skill baseline. The …
Neural Network Modeling Of The Head-Related Transfer Function, Damion Reinhardt
Neural Network Modeling Of The Head-Related Transfer Function, Damion Reinhardt
Theses and Dissertations
Battlefield synthesis of 3-D audio may require the interpolation and compression of head-related transfer function (HRTF) data. This thesis is an implementation of a functional model of the HRTF using artificial neural networks (ANNs), the model provides both compression and interpolation.
Analyzing Horizontal Distances Between Wsr-88d Thunderstorm Centroids And Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Strikes, Steve L. Renner
Analyzing Horizontal Distances Between Wsr-88d Thunderstorm Centroids And Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Strikes, Steve L. Renner
Theses and Dissertations
On April 29, 1996, lightning struck the airfield at Hurlburt Field, FL, killing one Airmen and injuring ten others. This cloud to ground lightning strike hit eight minutes after a lightning advisory was canceled. At the time of the strike, thunderstorms were observed 7 to 10 miles north and south of the airfield. The incident raised questions about Air Force Weather Agency's lightning criteria. Soon after the incident, a Lightning Safety Review Panel was assembled to determine the adequacy of lightning advisories. One of the questions posed to the panel was could an incident like Hurlburt happen again? The review …
Improving Cape Canaveral's Day-2 Thunderstorm Forecasting Using Meso-Eta Numerical Model Output, Christian S. Wohlwend
Improving Cape Canaveral's Day-2 Thunderstorm Forecasting Using Meso-Eta Numerical Model Output, Christian S. Wohlwend
Theses and Dissertations
The 45th Weather Squadron (WS) is responsible for the protection of billions of dollars worth of Air Force and NASA equipment from weather hazards. They produce a seven day planning forecast as one tool to support the space launch community. Improving this forecast can potentially save millions of dollars of government funds. This research focuses on the feasibility of improving the day two thunderstorm forecast by applying Meso Eta numerical forecasts to the Neumann-Pfeffer Thunderstorm Index (NPTI). The NPTI is currently used by the 45th WS for same day thunderstorm probability forecasting utilizing the morning radiosonde as input. The perfect …
Linear Reconstruction Of Non-Stationary Image Ensembles Incorporating Blur And Noise Models, Stephen D. Ford
Linear Reconstruction Of Non-Stationary Image Ensembles Incorporating Blur And Noise Models, Stephen D. Ford
Theses and Dissertations
Two new linear reconstruction techniques are developed to improve the resolution of images collected by ground-based telescopes imaging through atmospheric turbulence. The classical approach involves the application of constrained least squares (CLS) to the deconvolution from wavefront sensing (DWFS) technique. The new algorithm incorporates blur and noise models to select the appropriate regularization constant automatically. In all cases examined, the Newton-Raphson minimization converged to a solution in less than 10 iterations. The non-iterative Bayesian approach involves the development of a new vector Wiener filter which is optimal with respect to mean square error (MSE) for a non-stationary object class degraded …
Optical Physics Of Microcavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Michael J. Noble
Optical Physics Of Microcavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Michael J. Noble
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation consists of an in-depth theoretical analysis of the optical impact of transverse index confinement on the lasing modes of microcavity surface emitting lasers. Two different variational techniques were employed to calculate the relevant optical laser parameters: (1) modal resonance, field profile, (2) confinement factor, and (3) threshold gain. Through a semianalytic field analysis, two new confinement related effects were discovered: (1) a polarization dependent change in mirror reflectance with aperture radius, and (2) a mode dependent blueshift. Through a numerical field analysis, the physical mechanisms governing diffraction were ascertained. These are: (1) the transverse confinement of the optical …
Calculating A Value For Dominant Battlespace Awareness, Eric A. Beene
Calculating A Value For Dominant Battlespace Awareness, Eric A. Beene
Theses and Dissertations
In times of ever-tightening military budgets, methodologies are required that can compare the contributions of various systems involved in the warfighting process. While many tools are in use that directly measure the effects of greater numbers of enhanced hardware, and even improved processes, no validated methodology exists to measure elements that contribute to Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4); Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR); or to analytically compare these elements with more traditional hardware. This thesis develops a methodology for mathematically quantifying awareness in a military command and control (C2) environment. This methodology begins with the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act Loop to show …
Flight Test And Handling Qualities Analysis Of A Longitudinal Flight Control System Using Multiobjective Techniques, John R. Anderson
Flight Test And Handling Qualities Analysis Of A Longitudinal Flight Control System Using Multiobjective Techniques, John R. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis addresses the application of optimal, multiobjective control theory control theory to flight control design for the approach and landing phase of flight. Five flight control systems were designed using classical, H2, H infinity, and Mixed H2/H infinity methods. The MATLAB™ MUTOOLS™ and AFIT MXTOOLS toolboxes were used to produce the optimal, multiobjective designs. These designs were implemented for flight test on the Calspan VSS I Learjet, simulating the unstable longitudinal dynamics of an F-16 type aircraft. A limited handling qualities investigation was performed. Model following was used in the design phase to meet handling qualities specifications. The designs …
Performance Of Imaging Laser Radar In Rain And Fog, Kathleen M. Campbell
Performance Of Imaging Laser Radar In Rain And Fog, Kathleen M. Campbell
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force is currently developing imaging laser radar systems (ladar) for use on precision guided munitions and other imaging systems. Scientists at Eglin Air Force Base, in conjunction with Wright Laboratories, are testing a 1.06-um wavelength ladar system and need to understand the weather effects on the ladar images. As the laser beam propagates through the atmosphere, fog droplets and raindrops can cause image degradation, and these image degradations are manifested as either dropouts or false returns. An analysis of the dropouts and false returns helped to quantify the performance of the system in adverse weather conditions. Statistical analysis …
Solving Geometric Knapsack Problems Using Tabu Search Heuristics, Christopher A. Chocolaad
Solving Geometric Knapsack Problems Using Tabu Search Heuristics, Christopher A. Chocolaad
Theses and Dissertations
An instance of the geometric knapsack problem occurs in air lift loading where a set of cargo must be chosen to pack in a given fleet of aircraft. This paper demonstrates a new heuristic to solve this problem in a reasonable amount of time with a higher quality solution then previously reported in literature. We also report a new tabu search heuristic to solve geometric knapsack problems.
Sensitivity Analysis Of The Thunder Combat Simulation Model To Command And Control Inputs Accomplished In A Parallel Environment, David A. Davies
Sensitivity Analysis Of The Thunder Combat Simulation Model To Command And Control Inputs Accomplished In A Parallel Environment, David A. Davies
Theses and Dissertations
This research had two objectives. The first was to develop a methodology to demonstrate the parallel processing capability provided by Air Force's Aeronautical System's Command (ASC) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) and apply that methodology to the SIMAF Proof of Concept project. Secondly, AFSAA/SAAB requested a sensitivity analysis of THUNDER to the modeled command and control (C2) inputs. The power of parallelization can not be overemphasized. The data collection phase of this thesis was accomplished at the MSRC using a script developed to automate the processing of an experimental design, providing the analyst with a launch and leave capability. On …
Anderson-Darling And Cramer-Von Mises Based Goodness-Of-Fit Tests For The Weibull Distribution With Known Shape Using Normalized Spacings, Eric W. Frisco
Anderson-Darling And Cramer-Von Mises Based Goodness-Of-Fit Tests For The Weibull Distribution With Known Shape Using Normalized Spacings, Eric W. Frisco
Theses and Dissertations
Two new goodness-of-fit tests are developed for the three-parameter Weibull distribution with known shape parameter. These procedures eliminate the need for estimating the unknown location and scale parameters prior to initiating the tests and are easily adapted for censored data. This is accomplished by employing the Anderson-Darling and Cramer-von Mises statistics based on the normalized spacings of the sample data. Critical values of the new tests are obtained for common significance levels by large Monte Carlo simulations for shapes 0.5(0.5)4.0 and sample sizes 5(5)40 with up to 40% censoring (Type II) from the left and/or right. An extensive Monte Carlo …
Evaluation Of Satellite Microwave Derived Surface Temperature Algorithms For The Period August 1996 To February 1997, Charles H. Harris
Evaluation Of Satellite Microwave Derived Surface Temperature Algorithms For The Period August 1996 To February 1997, Charles H. Harris
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) has two operational algorithms that derive surface temperatures from microwave observations taken by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) which rides aboard space platforms of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). The algorithm called Temperature from Satellite Microwave Imager (TS) is used to analyze global cloud coverage. The second algorithm is fittingly called Calibration and Validation (CV), as it was the algorithm used to calibrate and validate the first SSM/I in 1987. Multiple linear regression defined the algorithms from empirically gathered brightness temperatures and simultaneous surface temperatures. The key questions were how much data …
Nowcasting Thunderstorms At Cape Canaveral, Florida, Using An Improved Neumann-Pfeffer Thunderstorm Index, Cindy L. Howell
Nowcasting Thunderstorms At Cape Canaveral, Florida, Using An Improved Neumann-Pfeffer Thunderstorm Index, Cindy L. Howell
Theses and Dissertations
The Neumann-Pfeffer Thunderstorm Index (NPTI) is used daily by the 45th Weather Squadron during the convective season to estimate the probability of afternoon thunderstorms. The current I , developed by Charles J. Neumann in the 1960s, i based on only 13 years of data taken over 30 years ago. The index was in desperate need of an upgrade. Following the multiple regression techniques outlined by Neumann, this thesis examines whether or not including additional data would improve the performance of the NPTI. After performing the multiple regressions and retuning the regression coefficients, both NPTs were validated using a 2-year independent …
Optimum Preventive Maintenance Policies For The Amraam Missile, Scott J. Ruflin
Optimum Preventive Maintenance Policies For The Amraam Missile, Scott J. Ruflin
Theses and Dissertations
The overall objective of this research effort was to formulate a preventive maintenance strategy for AMRAAM missiles subject to extended captive carry flight time. A preventive maintenance policy is only applicable if the item in question is aging, or deteriorating with time. Therefore, a supporting objective of this research is to characterize the aging process of the missile system through a non-parametric analysis of its Mean Residual Life (MRL) function. Three non-parametric, censored-data MRL function estimation techniques discussed in the literature are examined via a numerical example. All three estimation techniques provide MRL functions that exhibit greatly exaggerated decreasing trends …
Concept Vectors: A Synthesis Of Concept Mapping And Matrices For Knowledge Representation In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Mark L. Dyson
Concept Vectors: A Synthesis Of Concept Mapping And Matrices For Knowledge Representation In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Mark L. Dyson
Theses and Dissertations
A review of the literature relating to intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) reveals that the bulk of research to date is focused on the student, and on methods for representing the knowledge itself. From student models to learning schemas to presentation methods, comparatively little attention has been paid to the problem of educators attempting to build viable lesson plans for use in an ITS environment--yet when this problem is addressed in the literature, it is recognized as a potentially daunting one. This thesis addresses the problem of ITS lesson plan development by proposing a practical, computable approach for knowledge engineering that …
Time Resolved Photoluminescence Spectra Of A Mid-Infrared Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductor Laser, Anthony L. Franz
Time Resolved Photoluminescence Spectra Of A Mid-Infrared Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductor Laser, Anthony L. Franz
Theses and Dissertations
Recombination mechanisms in mid-IR semiconductor lasers are strongly dependent on the carrier density of the active region. The objective of this research is to improve previous carrier density estimates through the incorporation of spectral information. One hundred photoluminescence (PL) spectra were calculated for a variety of carrier densities. Calculations were made for an InAsSb/InAlAsSb multiple quantum well laser sample assuming parabolic bands. The widths of the calculated spectral profiles were tabulated as a function of carrier density. Actual spectra were measured using the Ultrafast Mid-Infrared Photoluminescence System, which uses upconversion to measure the PL intensity in time steps smaller than …