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Subtractive Plasma-Assisted-Etch Process For Developing High Performance Nanocrystalline Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film-Transistors, Thomas M. Donigan
Subtractive Plasma-Assisted-Etch Process For Developing High Performance Nanocrystalline Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film-Transistors, Thomas M. Donigan
Theses and Dissertations
Thin-Film-Transistors (TFTs) employing undoped zinc-oxide (ZnO) thin-films are currently being investigated by the Air Force for microwave switching applications. Since the on-resistance (R(on)) of the device scales with channel length (LC), ZnO TFT optimization should be focused on reducing LC, therefore minimizing the associated insertion losses. In this research, deep sub-micron scaling of ZnO TFTs was undertaken using a subtractive reactive-ion-etch (RIE) process. Under optimum processing conditions, ZnO TFTs with LC as small as 155 nm were successfully demonstrated. The active ZnO channels of the TFTs were patterned by selective SF6-RIE of a tungsten ohmic film through electron-beam defined openings …
Experimental Method Of Generating Electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-Model Beams, Matthew J. Gridley
Experimental Method Of Generating Electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-Model Beams, Matthew J. Gridley
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research effort is to experimentally generate an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam from two coherent linearly polarized plane waves. The approach uses a sequence of mutually correlated random phase screens on phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulators at the source plane. The phase screens are generated using a published relationship between the screen parameters and the desired electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source parameters. The approach is verified by comparing the experimental results with published theory and numerical simulation results. This work enables the design of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source with prescribed coherence and polarization properties.
Tactical Ai In Real Time Strategy Games, Donald A. Gruber
Tactical Ai In Real Time Strategy Games, Donald A. Gruber
Theses and Dissertations
The real time strategy (RTS) tactical decision making problem is a difficult problem. It is generally more complex due to its high degree of time sensitivity. This research effort presents a novel approach to this problem within an educational, teaching objective. Particular decision focus is target selection for a artificial intelligence (AI) RTS game model. The use of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) in this tactical decision making problem allows an AI agent to make fast, effective solutions that do not require modification to the current environment. This approach allows for the creation of a generic solution building tool that is …
Characterization And Analysis Of Integrated Silicon Photonic Detectors For High-Speed Communications, Joseph W. Haefner
Characterization And Analysis Of Integrated Silicon Photonic Detectors For High-Speed Communications, Joseph W. Haefner
Theses and Dissertations
As the digital age of rapidly expanding information systems and technology continue to grow and develop at an ever increasing rate, new fabrication media must be investigated in order to keep up with these trends. The modern age has been defined by the innovation and advancement of the semiconductor transistor specifically Silicon, however these days of exponential performance gain through gate minimization are coming to a close. One such field which shows great promise for meeting the challenges of the future is the integration of photonic and complementary metal oxide semiconductor components; leveraging the long standing fabrication history of Silicon …
Improving The Performance Of The Space Surveillance Telescope As A Function Of Seeing Parameter, Jae H. Jeon
Improving The Performance Of The Space Surveillance Telescope As A Function Of Seeing Parameter, Jae H. Jeon
Theses and Dissertations
This research paper investigates ways to improve the detection capability and predict the performance of the Space Surveillance Telescope (SST) system when it's relocated to Exmouth, Australia. The dataset collected by the SST observing the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, ANIK-F1, entering the earth's eclipse is used to test the performance of the three existing and one new detection algorithm. The three existing algorithms are the point detection (Binary Hypothesis Test (BHT)), correlation detection (CD-BHT), and Multi-hypothesis Test using ten hypotheses (MHT10), and the new detection algorithm is the Multi-hypothesis Test using six hypotheses (MHT6). To improve the accuracy and …
Theoretical Limits Of Lunar Vision Aided Navigation With Inertial Navigation System, David W. Jones
Theoretical Limits Of Lunar Vision Aided Navigation With Inertial Navigation System, David W. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The precision navigation capabilities of the Global Positioning System (GPS) are used extensively within US military operations. However, GPS is highly vulnerable to intentional and unintentional external interference. Therefore, a need exists to develop a non-GPS precision navigation method to operate in GPS degraded environments. This research effort presents the theoretical limits of a precision navigation method based on an inertial navigation system (INS) aided by angle measurements with respect to lunar surface features observed by a fixed camera. To accomplish this task, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was implemented to estimate INS drift errors and bring in simulated lunar …
Biaxial Anisotropic Material Development And Characterization Using Rectangular To Square Waveguide, Alexander G. Knisely
Biaxial Anisotropic Material Development And Characterization Using Rectangular To Square Waveguide, Alexander G. Knisely
Theses and Dissertations
The advent of 3-D printing provides a new way to develop complex electromagnetic media. Complex media poses measurement challenges and require new techniques to characterize sample constitutive parameters. A biaxial anisotropic sample is designed using crystallographic symmetry and tensor elements are predicted using equivalent capacitive and inductive lumped elements. Samples are measured using the Waveguide Rectangular to Waveguide Square (WRWS) cubic sample measurement system. The WRWS system supports the analysis of a cubic biaxial anisotropic sample by measuring the sample in different measurement orientations. The orientation S-parameter data is used to extract tensor element permittivites and permeabilities using an analytic, …
Pilot Assisted Inertial Navigation System Aiding Using Bearings-Only Measurements Taken Over Time, Anthony T. Mirabile
Pilot Assisted Inertial Navigation System Aiding Using Bearings-Only Measurements Taken Over Time, Anthony T. Mirabile
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this work is to develop an alternative INS aiding source other than the GPS, while preserving the autonomy of the integrated navigation system. It is proposed to develop a modernized method of aerial navigation using driftmeter measurements from an E/O system for ground feature tracking, and an independent altitude sensor in conjunction with the INS. The pilot will track a ground feature with the E/O system, while the aircraft is on autopilot holding constant airspeed, altitude, and heading during an INS aiding session. The ground feature measurements from the E/O system and the INS output form measurements …
Estimating Single And Multiple Target Locations Using K-Means Clustering With Radio Tomographic Imaging In Wireless Sensor Networks, Jeffrey K. Nishida
Estimating Single And Multiple Target Locations Using K-Means Clustering With Radio Tomographic Imaging In Wireless Sensor Networks, Jeffrey K. Nishida
Theses and Dissertations
Geolocation involves using data from a sensor network to assess and estimate the location of a moving or stationary target. Received Signal Strength (RSS), Angle of Arrival (AoA), and/or Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) measurements can be used to estimate target location in sensor networks. Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) is an emerging Device-Free Localization (DFL) concept that utilizes the RSS values of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to geolocate stationary or moving target(s). The WSN is set up around the Area of Interest (AoI) and the target of interest, which can be a person or object. The target inside the …
Airborne Network Optimization With Dynamic Network Update, Bradly S. Paul
Airborne Network Optimization With Dynamic Network Update, Bradly S. Paul
Theses and Dissertations
Modern networks employ congestion and routing management algorithms that can perform routing when network routes become congested. However, these algorithms may not be suitable for modern military Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), more specifically, airborne networks, where topologies are highly dynamic and strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements are required for mission success. These highly dynamic networks require higher level network controllers that can adapt quickly to network changes with limited interruptions and require small amounts of network bandwidth to perform routing. This thesis advocates the use of Kalman filters to predict network congestion in airborne networks. Intelligent agents can make …
Evaluating Machine Learning Classifiers For Hybrid Network Intrusion Detection Systems, Michael D. Rich
Evaluating Machine Learning Classifiers For Hybrid Network Intrusion Detection Systems, Michael D. Rich
Theses and Dissertations
Existing classifier evaluation methods do not fully capture the intended use of classifiers in hybrid intrusion detection systems (IDS), systems that employ machine learning alongside a signature-based IDS. This research challenges traditional classifier evaluation methods in favor of a value-focused evaluation method that incorporates evaluator-specific weights for classifier and prediction threshold selection. By allowing the evaluator to weight known and unknown threat detection by alert classification, classifier selection is optimized to evaluator values for this application. The proposed evaluation methods are applied to a Cyber Defense Exercise (CDX) dataset. Network data is processed to produce connection-level features, then labeled using …
Modeling Navigation System Performance Of A Satellite-Observing Star Tracker Tightly Integrated With An Inertial Measurement Unit, Scott J. Pierce
Modeling Navigation System Performance Of A Satellite-Observing Star Tracker Tightly Integrated With An Inertial Measurement Unit, Scott J. Pierce
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation evaluates a navigation system using satellite observations from a star tracker tightly-integrated with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a barometric altimeter using an extended Kalman filter. The star tracker measurement accuracy of a satellite is derived. Several system configurations are simulated comparing the performance of the estimate with respect to system parameters of the IMU, and star tracker, as well as comparing performance when providing a remote sensor satellite ephemeris error correction. Experimental observations are used to evaluate the model performance. Additionally, power requirements were calculated for a satellite signal operating in imaging bands, such that a …
Measuring Angular Rate Of Celestial Objects Using The Space Surveillance Telescope, Anthony J. Sligar
Measuring Angular Rate Of Celestial Objects Using The Space Surveillance Telescope, Anthony J. Sligar
Theses and Dissertations
To date, much effort has been spent on improving the detection of space objects; however, the ability to track and catalogue space objects remains only as good as the ability to determine the object's position and angular rate. The foundation of space situational awareness (SSA) is the ability to detect a space object and to predict its location in the future. In order to accomplish SSA for Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) space objects, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) developed the Space Surveillance Telescope (SST) to enable ground-based, broad-area search, detection and tracking of small GEO objects in space. …
A Novel Analysis Of Performance Classification And Workload Prediction Using Electroencephalography (Eeg) Frequency Data, Donovan L. Ricks
A Novel Analysis Of Performance Classification And Workload Prediction Using Electroencephalography (Eeg) Frequency Data, Donovan L. Ricks
Theses and Dissertations
Across the DOD each task an operator is presented with has some level of difficulty associated with it. This level of difficulty over the course of the task is also known as workload, where the operator is faced with varying levels of workload as he or she attempts to complete the task. The focus of the research presented in this thesis is to determine if those changes in workload can be predicted and to determine if individuals can be classified based on performance in order to prevent an increase in workload that would cause a decline in performance in a …
Robust Models For Operator Workload Estimation, Andrew M. Smith
Robust Models For Operator Workload Estimation, Andrew M. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
When human-machine system operators are overwhelmed, judicious employment of automation can be beneficial. Ideally, a system which can accurately estimate current operator workload can make better choices when to employ automation. Supervised machine learning models can be trained to estimate workload in real time from operator physiological data. Unfortunately, estimating operator workload using trained models is limited: using a model trained in one context can yield poor estimation of workload in another. This research examines the utility of three algorithms (linear regression, regression trees, and Artificial Neural Networks) in terms of cross-application workload prediction. The study is conducted for a …
Non-Linear Optimization Applied To Angle-Of-Arrival Satellite-Based Geolocation With Correlated Measurements, Joshua S. Sprang
Non-Linear Optimization Applied To Angle-Of-Arrival Satellite-Based Geolocation With Correlated Measurements, Joshua S. Sprang
Theses and Dissertations
A common remote sensing application is producing geolocation estimates for an object of interest from multiple sensor platforms. Geolocation estimates are desired to help improve situational awareness when dealing with space objects that do not actively broadcast their location. A depiction of the error parameters are calculated in conjunction with the positional estimates. Problems occur when multiple measurements from a single sensor are used to estimate a location due to correlations in sensor error. A non-linear optimization approach is presented for determining geolocation estimates and their associated error parameters. The error parameters directly reflect the error present on the individual …
Energy Harvesting & Recapture From Human Subjects: Dual-Stage Mems Cantilever Energy Harvester, Nicholas P. Sullivan
Energy Harvesting & Recapture From Human Subjects: Dual-Stage Mems Cantilever Energy Harvester, Nicholas P. Sullivan
Theses and Dissertations
Recent thermal energy harvesting research has advanced alternative non-Seebeck devices and shifted attention towards applications with low temperature differentials near ambient. This research effort takes a simulation-based approach to improve the performance of a modified dual-stage MEMS cantilever energy harvester. The device employs a bimetal and a piezoelectric transducer to harvest energy from a 10° C temperature differential. The proposed application for the device is as a wearable energy harvester, capable of generating power from the human body using skin temperature (average 33° C) as the hot side and ambient air (23° C) as the cold side. A bimetal thickness …
Urban Environment Navigation With Real-Time Data Utilizing Computer Vision, Inertial, And Gps Sensors, Johnathan L. Rohde
Urban Environment Navigation With Real-Time Data Utilizing Computer Vision, Inertial, And Gps Sensors, Johnathan L. Rohde
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to obtain a navigation solution that used real data, in a degraded or denied global positioning system (GPS) environment, from low cost commercial o the shelf sensors. The sensors that were integrated together were a commercial inertial measurement unit (IMU), monocular camera computer vision algorithm, and GPS. Furthermore, the monocular camera computer vision algorithm had to be robust enough to handle any camera orientation that was presented to it. This research develops a visual odometry 2-D zero velocity measurement that is derived by both the features points that are extracted from a monocular camera …
Hyperspectral Based Skin Detection For Person Of Interest Identification, Khoa A. Tang
Hyperspectral Based Skin Detection For Person Of Interest Identification, Khoa A. Tang
Theses and Dissertations
An optimal skin identification system can have great impact in areas such as security and surveillance. In the field of security, skin identification can augment the effectiveness of other biometric security systems such as facial recognition and fingerprint identification [1]. In the case of surveillance, a real-time skin identification system will be extremely useful at tracking POI. Detecting and tracking using a skin identification technique provides positive, real time acquisition of people as they exit a building and prevents inadvertent track loss in a large crowd. This thesis presents the results of an ANN that is created in MATLAB® using …
Characterizing Multiple Wireless Sensor Networks For Large-Scale Radio Tomography, Tan Van
Characterizing Multiple Wireless Sensor Networks For Large-Scale Radio Tomography, Tan Van
Theses and Dissertations
Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) is an emerging Device-Free Passive Localization (DFPL) technology that uses a collection of cheap wireless transceivers to form a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Unlike device-based active localization, DFPL does not require a target of interest to be wearing any kind of device. The basic concept of RTI utilizes the changes in Received Signal Strength (RSS) between the links of each transceiver to create an attenuation image of the area. This image can then be used for target detection, tracking, and localization. Each transceiver in the WSN must transmit sequentially to prevent collisions. This is not a …
Precision Relative Positioning For Automated Aerial Refueling From A Stereo Imaging System, Kyle P. Werner
Precision Relative Positioning For Automated Aerial Refueling From A Stereo Imaging System, Kyle P. Werner
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force relies upon aerial refueling to fulfill its missions. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) do not currently have access to this capability due to the lack of an on-board pilot to safely maintain a refueling position. This research examines stereo vision for precision relative navigation in order to accomplish the Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR) task. Previous work toward an AAR solution has involved the use of Differential Global Positioning (DGPS), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and monocular vision. This research aims to leverage organic systems in future aircraft to compliment these solutions. …
Constructing Cost-Effective And Targetable Ics Honeypots Suited For Production Networks, Michael M. Winn
Constructing Cost-Effective And Targetable Ics Honeypots Suited For Production Networks, Michael M. Winn
Theses and Dissertations
Honeypots are a technique that can mitigate the risk of cyber threats. Effective honeypots are authentic and targetable, and their design and implementation must accommodate risk tolerance and financial constraints. The proprietary, and often expensive, hardware and software used by Industrial Control System (ICS) devices creates the challenging problem of building a flexible, economical, and scalable honeypot. This research extends Honeyd into Honeyd+, making it possible to use the proxy feature to create multiple high interaction honeypots with a single Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Honeyd+ is tested with a network of 75 decoy PLCs, and the interactions with the decoys …
Communication And Jamming Bda Of Ofdma Communication Systems Using The Software Defined Radio Platform Warp, Kate J. Yaxley
Communication And Jamming Bda Of Ofdma Communication Systems Using The Software Defined Radio Platform Warp, Kate J. Yaxley
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this research is to demonstrate and evaluate the ability to eavesdrop and interfere with orthogonal frequency division multiple access-down link (OFDMA-DL) signal features utilising Wireless Open Access Research Platform (WARP) boards. The OFDMA-DL waveforms have been developed with 64 sub carriers and have guards and pilots as comparable to the 802.11a WiFi standard. An eavesdropper/interferer (ExJx) is used to estimate signal features, remotely gaining intelligence without alerting the communication system. This research also demonstrates how estimated signal features can be used to interfere with an established communication system. Methods used to perform the signal feature estimation exploit …
A Simple Model For Fine Structure Transitions In Alkali-Metal Noble-Gas Collisions, Joseph A. Cardoza
A Simple Model For Fine Structure Transitions In Alkali-Metal Noble-Gas Collisions, Joseph A. Cardoza
Theses and Dissertations
From ranging and tracking applications, to directed energy weapons, laser technology is very important to the military. An instrumental part of laser design and characterization depends on knowledge of transition rates between various atomic energy levels. Of specific interest, is determining the transition probabilities between the 2P3=2 and 2P1=2 energy levels of an alkali-metal noble-gas laser, which is found in a DPAL. The probabilities of transition, caused by collisions between alkali metal and noble gas atoms, have previously been calculated using a computationally intensive quantum mechanical model. This research project aims to develop a simplified, less intensive method. This is …
Expected Position Error For An Onboard Satellite Gps Receiver, Anthony S. Williams
Expected Position Error For An Onboard Satellite Gps Receiver, Anthony S. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
The Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation provides ranging information that delivers inexpensive, high precision positioning for terrestrial users. Satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) can use an onboard GPS receiver resulting in meter-level navigation solution accuracy. There are limitations to using GPS for positioning for satellites above LEO. The number of GPS satellites who's signal can be received decreases as the receivers altitude approaches that of the GPS constellation. Above the GPS constellation, the available GPS signals for ranging will originate from satellites on the opposite side of Earth. This research calculates the available GPS signals to the receiver and …
The Unified Behavior Framework For The Simulation Of Autonomous Agents, Daniel M. Roberson
The Unified Behavior Framework For The Simulation Of Autonomous Agents, Daniel M. Roberson
Theses and Dissertations
Since the 1980s, researchers have designed a variety of robot control architectures intending to imbue robots with some degree of autonomy. A recently developed architecture, the UBF, implements a variation of the three-layer architecture with a reactive controller to rapidly make behavior decisions. Additionally, the UBF utilizes software design patterns that promote the reuse of code and free designers to dynamically switch between behavior paradigms. This paper explores the application of the UBF to the simulation domain. By employing software engineering principles to implement the UBF architecture within an open-source simulation framework, we have extended the versatility of both. The …
Automated Sunspot Detection And Classification Using Soho/Mdi Imagery, Samantha R. Howard
Automated Sunspot Detection And Classification Using Soho/Mdi Imagery, Samantha R. Howard
Theses and Dissertations
This research modifies and expands previous work by Spahr in 2014 to automatically identify and classify sunspot groups in satellite images. Data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) are analyzed to produce a database of sunspot information that is not biased by individual solar observers. Results of the algorithm on SOHO/MDI data correlate well with NOAA's reported data for region properties with R2 values greater than 0.75, but with a ratio of less than one. In particular, the results of analyzing SOHO data report less than 25% of the spots reported by NOAA. By considering a test case comparison …
Scaling Of An Optically Pumped Mid-Infrared Rubidium Laser, Paul J. Moran
Scaling Of An Optically Pumped Mid-Infrared Rubidium Laser, Paul J. Moran
Theses and Dissertations
An optically pumped mid-infrared rubidium (Rb) pulsed laser has been demonstrated in a heat pipe along the 62P3/2 - 62S1/2 transition at 2.730 µm and the 62P1/2 - 62S1/2 transition at 2.790 µm. The bleached limit, slope efficiency, and maximum laser output energy of the mid-IR Rb laser have been shown to scale linearly with increasing Rb density, contrary to prior laser demonstrations. A maximum output energy of 5 nJ per pulse had previously been observed before a rollover occurred in the scaling of output energy with Rb …
The Effect Of Anisotropic Scatter On Atmospheric Neutron Transport, Nicholas J. Mcintee
The Effect Of Anisotropic Scatter On Atmospheric Neutron Transport, Nicholas J. Mcintee
Theses and Dissertations
Anisotropy is present in the angular distributions of neutrons departing from a nuclear scattering event. This anisotropy cannot be defined in a closed-form solution, and it is dependent on the incident neutron energy, elastic or inelastic scatter, along with the inelastic level, and the species struck. The underlying question is, if anisotropic behavior is worth the computational cost to be included in certain simulations, and if so, what level of precision is effected by the inclusion of anisotropic scatter. A Watt spectrum of U235 fission neutrons was examined as it collided with species in a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere. In a …
Utilizing Four Dimensional Lightning And Dual-Polarization Radar To Develop Lightning Initiation Forecast Guidance, Andrew J. Travis
Utilizing Four Dimensional Lightning And Dual-Polarization Radar To Develop Lightning Initiation Forecast Guidance, Andrew J. Travis
Theses and Dissertations
Lightning initiation is a major forecast challenge faced by Air Force's 45th Weather Squadron (45 WS), which provides weather support to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Prior studies by Thurmond (2014) and Woodard (2011) have shown that dual-polarization (DP) radar can be used to identify the presence of hydrometeors indicative of cloud charging, leading to improved lightning initiation forecasts. The 45 WS currently employs empirical lightning initiation forecast rules which state that in-cloud lightning is likely when radar reflectivity meets or exceeds 37.0 dBZ above the -10°C height. This study examined 249 convective cells from …