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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Modeling Napl Dissolution From Pendular Rings In Idealized Porous Media, Junqi Huang, John A. Christ, Mark N. Goltz, Avery H. Demond
Modeling Napl Dissolution From Pendular Rings In Idealized Porous Media, Junqi Huang, John A. Christ, Mark N. Goltz, Avery H. Demond
Faculty Publications
The dissolution rate of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) often governs the remediation time frame at subsurface hazardous waste sites. Most formulations for estimating this rate are empirical and assume that the NAPL is the nonwetting fluid. However, field evidence suggests that some waste sites might be organic wet. Thus, formulations that assume the NAPL is nonwetting may be inappropriate for estimating the rates of NAPL dissolution. An exact solution to the Young‐Laplace equation, assuming NAPL resides as pendular rings around the contact points of porous media idealized as spherical particles in a hexagonal close packing arrangement, is presented in this …
Acquisition Challenge: The Importance Of Incompressibility In Comparing Learning Curve Models, Justin R. Moore, John J. Elshaw, Adedeji B. Badiru, Jonathan D. Ritschel
Acquisition Challenge: The Importance Of Incompressibility In Comparing Learning Curve Models, Justin R. Moore, John J. Elshaw, Adedeji B. Badiru, Jonathan D. Ritschel
Faculty Publications
The Department of Defense (DoD) cost estimating methodology currently employs T. P. Wrights 75-plus-year-old learning curve formula. The goal of this research was to examine alternative learning curve models and determine if a more reliable and valid cost estimation method exists, which could be incorporated within the DoD acquisition environment. This study tested three alternative learning models (the Stanford-B model, DeJong's learning formula, and the S-Curve model) to compare predicted against actual costs for the F-15 A-E jet fighter platform. The results indicate that the S-Curve and DeJong models offer improvement over current estimation techniques, but more importantly and unexpectedly …
Semianalytical Solutions For Transport In Aquifer And Fractured Clay Matrix System, Junqi Huang, Mark N. Goltz
Semianalytical Solutions For Transport In Aquifer And Fractured Clay Matrix System, Junqi Huang, Mark N. Goltz
Faculty Publications
A three‐dimensional mathematical model that describes transport of contaminant in a horizontal aquifer with simultaneous diffusion into a fractured clay formation is proposed. A group of semianalytical solutions is derived based on specific initial and boundary conditions as well as various source functions. The analytical model solutions are evaluated by numerical Laplace inverse transformation and analytical Fourier inverse transformation. The model solutions can be used to study the fate and transport in a three‐dimensional spatial domain in which a nonaqueous phase liquid exists as a pool atop a fractured low‐permeability clay layer. The nonaqueous phase liquid gradually dissolves into the …
Oxygen Vacancies In Lialo2 Crystals, Maurio S. Holston, Ian P. Ferguson, John W. Mcclory, Nancy C. Giles, Larry E. Halliburton
Oxygen Vacancies In Lialo2 Crystals, Maurio S. Holston, Ian P. Ferguson, John W. Mcclory, Nancy C. Giles, Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
Singly ionized oxygen vacancies are produced in LiAlO2 crystals by direct displacement events during a neutron irradiation. These vacancies, with one trapped electron, are referred to as V+O centers. They are identified and characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption. The EPR spectrum from the V+O centers is best monitored near 100 K with low microwave power. When the magnetic field is along the [001] direction, this spectrum has a g value of 2.0030 and well-resolved hyperfine interactions of 310 and 240 MHz with the two 27Al nuclei that are adjacent to the oxygen vacancy. A second …
Modular Heat Dissipation Technique For A Cubesat, Melih Eken
Modular Heat Dissipation Technique For A Cubesat, Melih Eken
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, due to their many advantages, interest in larger scale CubeSats, such as 3U and 6U, has been increased. Correspondingly, dissipating the heat from the heat generating components in the CubeSat has become a challenge for thermal control. In this research, a modular approach was developed to dissipate heat from the overheating components in a CubeSat. To accomplish this, both experimental and computational methodologies were used. A 6U CubeSat was computationally modeled and the model correlated by experimental test results. Subsequently, validated CubeSat thermal model was used to design a modular heat dissipater. Validation and performance experiments of …
Environmental Degradation Of Nickel-Based Superalloys Due To Gypsiferous Desert Dusts, Matthew B. Krisak
Environmental Degradation Of Nickel-Based Superalloys Due To Gypsiferous Desert Dusts, Matthew B. Krisak
Theses and Dissertations
More than twenty-five years of continuous operation in the dusty environments of Southwest Asia have shown that degradation of gas turbine engine components due to particle ingestion is a serious threat to operations. In particular, the continued push for higher engine operating temperatures has brought a new emphasis to the damage mechanisms (for example CMAS glass formation and hot corrosion) caused by ingested particles forming molten deposits on engine components. Despite decades of research little progress has been made to mitigate the effects of CMAS and hot corrosion degradation to engine components. This research focused on hot corrosion specifically. A …
Finite Element Analysis And Experimentation Of An Icosahedron Frame Under Compression, Mohammed Alghofaily
Finite Element Analysis And Experimentation Of An Icosahedron Frame Under Compression, Mohammed Alghofaily
Theses and Dissertations
A nonlinear analysis of a 3D icosahedron frame was conducted using ABAQUS, under a compressive load in which collapse occurs. The frame was created in SolidWorks using the material properties of the 3D plastic building material VeroBlue. Two considerations were made: the computational features of the frame, and the comparison between the experimental solution to the numerical solution. Two studies were also considered in this research: The first study was a comparison between the seven-inch and the four-inch icosahedron model with identical weight to buoyancy ratios; and the second study was a comparison between the seven-inch icosahedrons frame, with the …
Analysis Of Hypersonic Vehicle Wakes, Matthew A. Kania
Analysis Of Hypersonic Vehicle Wakes, Matthew A. Kania
Theses and Dissertations
As advancements are made with ballistic missiles, particularly in the area of hypersonic bodies, there is a growing need to advance the methods of detecting these new ballistic weapons. As a result, the National Air and Space Intelligence Center has asked the Air Force Institute of Technology to examine the wake region behind hypersonic bodies. A thorough understanding of the aerothermal phenomena and the chemical reactions occurring in the wake region will enable an advancement of tracking hypersonic bodies. This research examined the wake region behind a hypersonic body using computational fluid dynamics.
This study used Pointwise® to develop a …
Leveraging External Sensor Data For Enhanced Space Situational Awareness, Charlie T. Bellows
Leveraging External Sensor Data For Enhanced Space Situational Awareness, Charlie T. Bellows
Theses and Dissertations
Reliable Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is a recognized requirement in the current congested, contested, and competitive environment of space operations. A shortage of available sensors and reliable data sources are some current limiting factors for maintaining SSA. Unfortunately, cost constraints prohibit drastically increasing the sensor inventory. Alternative methods are sought to enhance current SSA, including utilizing non-traditional data sources (external sensors) to perform basic SSA catalog maintenance functions. Astronomical data, for example, routinely collects serendipitous satellite streaks in the course of observing deep space; but tactics, techniques, and procedures designed to glean useful information from those collects have yet to …
Piezoelectric Response Of Ferroelectric Ceramics Under Mechanical Stress, Sergey M. Kaplan
Piezoelectric Response Of Ferroelectric Ceramics Under Mechanical Stress, Sergey M. Kaplan
Theses and Dissertations
Manufacturers are constantly developing increasingly miniature, ferroelectric multi-layer ceramic capacitors, survivable under progressively harsher mechanical stresses. However, the piezoelectric response of the bulk Barium Titanate-based dielectric in such capacitors has not yet been addressed for shocks above 3,000 g. Thus, the current research developed a finite element capacitor model and modified an established constitutive relationship to calculate the capacitive response under high-g drop impact. Scanning electron microscope and impedance analyzer data confirmed the flexural mode of mechanical failure, while the newly applied RC capacitance measurement technique detected discreet partial and complete electrode separation from the terminal, corresponding to the board …
Integrated Systems Health Management As An Enabler For Condition Based Maintenance And Autonomic Logistics, Robert M. Vandawalker
Integrated Systems Health Management As An Enabler For Condition Based Maintenance And Autonomic Logistics, Robert M. Vandawalker
Theses and Dissertations
Health monitoring systems have demonstrated the ability to detect potential failures in components and predict how long until a critical failure is likely to occur. Implementing these systems on fielded structures, aircraft, or other vehicles is often a struggle to prove cost savings or operational improvements beyond improved safety. A system architecture to identify how the health monitoring systems are integrated into fielded aircraft is developed to assess cost, operations, maintenance, and logistics trade-spaces. The efficiency of a health monitoring system is examined for impacts to the operation of a squadron of cargo aircraft revealing sensitivity to and tolerance for …
Modeling Radiation Effectiveness For Inactivation Of Bacillus Spores, Emily A. Knight
Modeling Radiation Effectiveness For Inactivation Of Bacillus Spores, Emily A. Knight
Theses and Dissertations
This research models and analyzes the inactivation of Bacillus spores following a radiation exposure and the process enacted by the Bacillus spore to repair the resulting damage. Irradiation of a spore and the medium surrounding the spore induces chemical reactions that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). This research will consider the reaction- diffusion of these ROS throughout the spore. These ROS can react with the spore's DNA and enzymes to degrade them to such an extent that the DNA cannot be repaired or replicated, thus causing spore death. In order to survive a dose of radiation, a spore must repair …
Testing The Adequacy Of A Semi-Markov Process, Richard S. Seymour
Testing The Adequacy Of A Semi-Markov Process, Richard S. Seymour
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the versatility of its structure, the semi-Markov process is a powerful modeling tool used to describe complex systems. Though similar in structure to continuous time Markov chains, semi-Markov processes allow for any transition time distribution which enables these processes to t a wider range of problems than the continuous time Markov chain. While semi-Markov processes have been applied in fields as varied as biostatistics and finance, there does not exist a theoretically-based, systematic method to determine if a semi-Markov process accurately fits the underlying data used to create the model. In fields such as regression and analysis of …
Adaptive Automation Design And Implementation, Jason M. Bindewald
Adaptive Automation Design And Implementation, Jason M. Bindewald
Theses and Dissertations
Automations allow us to reduce the need for humans in certain environments, such as auto-pilot features on unmanned aerial vehicles. However, some situations still require human intervention. Adaptive automation is a research field that enables computer systems to adjust the amount of automation by taking over tasks from or giving tasks back to the user. This research develops processes and insights for adaptive automation designers to take theoretical adaptive automation ideas and develop them into real-world adaptive automation system. These allow developers to design better automation systems that recognize the limits of computers systems, enabling better designs for systems in …
A System-Level Throughput Model For Quantum Key Distribution, Robert C. Cernera
A System-Level Throughput Model For Quantum Key Distribution, Robert C. Cernera
Theses and Dissertations
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology which exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute shared secret keying material. QKD systems generate and distribute key by progressing through a number of distinct phases, typically in a serial manner. The purpose of this research is to identify these phases, their relationships to each other, as well as their relationship to time, memory space, computational requirements, and hardware resources. A mathematical model is developed which enables the study of critical system parameters, identifies and demonstrates potential bottlenecks that affect the overall key generation rate of serial implementations, and …
Novel Techniques For Secure Use Of Public Cloud Computing Resources, Kyle E. Stewart
Novel Techniques For Secure Use Of Public Cloud Computing Resources, Kyle E. Stewart
Theses and Dissertations
The federal government has an expressed interest in moving data and services to third party service providers in order to take advantage of the flexibility, scalability, and potential cost savings. This approach is called cloud computing. The thesis for this research is that efficient techniques exist to support the secure use of public cloud computing resources by a large, federated enterprise. The primary contributions of this research are the novel cryptographic system MA-AHASBE (Multi-Authority Anonymous Hierarchical Attribute-Set Based Encryption), and the techniques used to incorporate MA-AHASBE in a real world application. Performance results indicate that while there is a cost …
Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes And Fine Structure Mixing Rates, Wooddy S. Miller
Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes And Fine Structure Mixing Rates, Wooddy S. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) are a new type of laser that uses alkali metal vapor as a gain medium and a buffer gas to control the line shape and kinetics. While these systems were first demonstrated in 2003 [48] they have just recently been scaled to the kilowatt power levels in 2012 [18]. To achieve these powers, the design of the gain cell relied on a set of incomplete line shape and kinetic data. The current focus areas of DPAL research are the continued power scaling of the systems and basic science research into the rates involved within the …
Grabbing The Air Force By The Tail: Applying Strategic Cost Analytics To Understand And Manage Indirect Cost Behavior, Bradley C. Boehmke
Grabbing The Air Force By The Tail: Applying Strategic Cost Analytics To Understand And Manage Indirect Cost Behavior, Bradley C. Boehmke
Theses and Dissertations
Recent and projected reductions in defense spending are forcing the military services to develop systematic approaches to identify cost reduction opportunities and better manage financial resources. In response, the Air Force along with her sister services are developing strategic approaches to reduce front-line mission resources, commonly referred to as the Tooth . However, an underemphasized contributing source of costs are mission support activities, commonly referred to as the Tail . With the tail historically representing a sizable portion of the annual Air Force budget, strategically managing cost behavior of these indirect activities has the opportunity to generate significant cost reductions. …
Building Enterprise Transition Plans Through The Development Of Collapsing Design Structure Matrices, Michael P. Kretser
Building Enterprise Transition Plans Through The Development Of Collapsing Design Structure Matrices, Michael P. Kretser
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF), like many other large enterprises, has evolved over time, expanded its capabilities and has developed focused, yet often redundant, operational silos, functions and information systems (IS). Recent failures in enterprise integration efforts herald a need for a new method that can account for the challenges presented by decades of increases in enterprise complexity, redundancy and Operations and Maintenance (O&M) costs. Product or system-level research has dominated the study of traditional Design Structure Matrices (DSMs) with minimal coverage on enterprise-level issues. This research proposes a new method of collapsing DSMs (C-DSMs) to illustrate and mitigate …
An Analysis Of Conus Based Deployment Of Pseudolites For Positioning, Navigation And Timing (Pnt) Systems, Justin H. Deifel, Albert J. Pena
An Analysis Of Conus Based Deployment Of Pseudolites For Positioning, Navigation And Timing (Pnt) Systems, Justin H. Deifel, Albert J. Pena
Theses and Dissertations
The Global Positioning System (GPS) developed and operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) provides a way for users to determine position, navigation and timing (PNT). GPS provides an extraordinary capability that has become instrumental in all aspects of our day to day lives. As new technologies such as automated vehicles and unmanned aircraft continue to be developed, a reliable back up to GPS is required to ensure the PNT data generated in these systems is accurate. This research studies a potential architecture for deploying a nationwide network of ground based pseudolites that would act to supplement and backup …
On Pecuniary Resiliency, Early Warning, And Market Imitation Under Unrestricted Warfare, David M. Smalenberger
On Pecuniary Resiliency, Early Warning, And Market Imitation Under Unrestricted Warfare, David M. Smalenberger
Theses and Dissertations
This study extends established financial market approaches to account for key econophysical attributes, low probability/high impact events, and a market's potential use as early warning for threats. Any disparity between established financial practices and true market conditions may provide incentive for exploitation and may harm national security objectives and interests through cascading effects. These national security concerns may include, in particular, the health of a reserve currency for those countries whose currency serves as one. This is a preferred approach with Unrestricted Warfare-type operations as these techniques may not enable repudiation of the antagonist. Since this approach may remain a …
Experimentally Generating Any Desired Partially Coherent Schell-Model Source Using Phase-Only Control, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Santasri Basu, David G. Voelz, Xifeng Xiao
Experimentally Generating Any Desired Partially Coherent Schell-Model Source Using Phase-Only Control, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Santasri Basu, David G. Voelz, Xifeng Xiao
Faculty Publications
A technique is presented to produce any desired partially coherent Schell-model source using a single phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). Existing methods use SLMs in combination with amplitude filters to manipulate the phase and amplitude of an initially coherent source. The technique presented here controls both the phase and amplitude using a single SLM, thereby making the amplitude filters unnecessary. This simplifies the optical setup and significantly increases the utility and flexibility of the resulting system. The analytical development of the technique is presented and discussed. To validate the proposed approach, experimental results of three partially coherent Schell-model sources …
Sediment Loss And Its Cause In Puerto Rico Watersheds, Y. Yuan, Y. Jiang, E. V. Taugas, Eric G. Mbonimpa
Sediment Loss And Its Cause In Puerto Rico Watersheds, Y. Yuan, Y. Jiang, E. V. Taugas, Eric G. Mbonimpa
Faculty Publications
A major environmental concern in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is increased sediment load to water reservoirs, to estuaries, and finally to coral reef areas outside the estuaries. Sediment deposition has significantly reduced the storage capacity of reservoirs, and sediments, with their associated contaminants and nutrients that are adsorbed, can stress corals and negatively impact reef health. To prevent and manage sediment loss it is therefore important to understand local soil erosion and sediment transport processes. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of landscape characteristics on sediment loss. We analyzed available precipitation and sediment data …
Experimental And Theoretical Basis For A Closed-Form Spectral Brdf Model, Samuel D. Butler
Experimental And Theoretical Basis For A Closed-Form Spectral Brdf Model, Samuel D. Butler
Theses and Dissertations
The microfacet class of BRDF models is frequently used to calculate optical scatter from realistic surfaces using geometric optics, but has the disadvantage of not being able to consider wavelength dependence. This dissertation works toward development of a closed-form approximation to the BRDF that is suitable for hyperspectral remote sensing by presenting measured BRDF data of 12 different materials at four different incident angles and up to seven different wavelengths between 3.39 and 10.6 µm. The data was intended to be fit to various microfacet BRDF models to determine an appropriate form of the wavelength scaling. However, when fitting the …
Improved Terahertz Modulation Using Germanium Telluride (Gete) Chalcogenide Thin Films, Alexander H. Gwin, Christopher H. Kodama, Tod V. Laurvick, Ronald Coutu Jr., Philip F. Taday
Improved Terahertz Modulation Using Germanium Telluride (Gete) Chalcogenide Thin Films, Alexander H. Gwin, Christopher H. Kodama, Tod V. Laurvick, Ronald Coutu Jr., Philip F. Taday
Faculty Publications
We demonstrate improved terahertz (THz) modulation using thermally crystallized germanium telluride (GeTe) thin films. GeTe is a chalcogenide material that exhibits a nonvolatile, amorphous to crystalline phase change at approximately 200 °C, as well as six orders of magnitude decreased electrical resistivity. In this study, amorphous GeTe thin films were sputtered on sapphire substrates and then tested using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The test samples, heated in-situ while collecting THz-TDS measurements, exhibited a gradual absorbance increase, an abrupt nonvolatile reduction at the transition temperature, followed by another gradual increase in absorbance. The transition temperature was verified by conducting similar thermal …
Exhaust Composition In A Small Internal Combustion Engine Using Ftir Spectroscopy, Kevin P. Horn
Exhaust Composition In A Small Internal Combustion Engine Using Ftir Spectroscopy, Kevin P. Horn
Theses and Dissertations
The mission-specific needs of small, remotely piloted aircraft demand lighter, more efficient engines with increased performance for their propulsion systems. A wide range of experimental efforts were undertaken to further the ability to obtain performance data on small engines as well as to develop understanding of their operation. Data were collected to quantify friction losses present in the dynamometer drivetrain on the small engine research bench. A correction and calibration model was developed for brake power collected by the dynamometer. Mechanical efficiencies for 28 cm3, 55 cm3 and 85 cm3 engines were 92.4%, 91.3% and 89.7%, …
Identifying The Experimental And Theoretical Effective Characteristics Of Nonaligned Anisotropic Metamaterials, Michael R. Benson
Identifying The Experimental And Theoretical Effective Characteristics Of Nonaligned Anisotropic Metamaterials, Michael R. Benson
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research into anisotropic materials has assumed certain properties in order to make the underlying mathematics tractable. One of the assumptions is the alignment of the optical axes with the laboratory frame of reference, such as split-ring resonators lying at on the material plane. This assumption does not hold true for many metamaterials, such as tilted nanorods. Techniques such as ellipsometry are needed to analyze the effective characteristics of these highly anisotropic structures. In this research, tilted nanorods are analyzed using generalized ellipsometry to extract the indices of the optical axes. The underlying physics of ellipsometry is then used to …
Supply Chain Interoperability Measurement, Christos E. Chalyvidis
Supply Chain Interoperability Measurement, Christos E. Chalyvidis
Theses and Dissertations
Academia recognizes that although supply chains have an inherent need to be validated for their performance, supply chain performance measurement systems are still inadequate and one of the major barriers to successful supply chain collaboration. In this research, theory of Systems Architecture is used to make the first step towards an innovative supply chain performance measure defined as supply chain interoperability. Interoperability is considered a similarity metric with regard to a set of deterministic and stochastic characters (criteria) describing supply chain participants, a methodology that adapts and expands an interoperability measurement tool initially developed in and for a military context. …
A System Dynamics Approach To The Efficacy Of Oxime Therapy In Sub Lethal Exposure To Sarin Gas, Daniel J. Droste
A System Dynamics Approach To The Efficacy Of Oxime Therapy In Sub Lethal Exposure To Sarin Gas, Daniel J. Droste
Theses and Dissertations
The 2010 National Security Strategy states, The effective dissemination of a lethal agent would endanger the lives of thousands of people and have unprecedented economic, societal, and political consequences. We must continue to work at home with first responders and health officials to reduce the risk associated with high-consequence threats . Nerve agents, such as Sarin gas, are considered high consequence threats. The threat of use of agents such as Sarin is as much a threat today as any other time in our history. However, the suggested treatment protocol is not as precise as it could be. Debate exists over …
A Method To Predict Compressor Stall In The Tf34-100 Turbofan Engine Utilizing Real-Time Performance Data, Shuxiang A. Li, Trevor G. Jones
A Method To Predict Compressor Stall In The Tf34-100 Turbofan Engine Utilizing Real-Time Performance Data, Shuxiang A. Li, Trevor G. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force current operations continue to undergo significant changes compelled by decreasing fiscal appropriations, aging aircraft, and personnel drawdown. The Air Force must effectively improve current maintenance operations in part to deal with these challenges. This study will explore the area of the A-10 aircraft fleet's TF34-100 high-pass turbo-fan engine sensor data to seek its deterioration modelling and prognostics capability. In futurity this will allow for achievement of greater confidence in predicting the compressor stall which leads to engine performance deterioration and a costly repair in maintenance. By utilizing an innovative method to forecast the probability of compressor stall, …