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Point Defects In Lithium Gallate And Gallium Oxide, Christopher A. Lenyk
Point Defects In Lithium Gallate And Gallium Oxide, Christopher A. Lenyk
Theses and Dissertations
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL), and wavelength-dependent TL are used to identify and characterize point defects in lithium gallate and β-gallium oxide doped with Mg and Fe acceptor impurities single crystals. EPR investigations of LiGaO2 identify fundamental intrinsic cation defects lithium (V−Li) and gallium (V2−Ga) vacancies. The defects’ principle g values are found through angular dependence studies and atomic-scale models for these new defects are proposed. Thermoluminescence measurements estimate the activation energy of lithium vacancies at Ea = 1.05 eV and gallium vacancies at Ea > 2 …
Dimension-Breaking For Traveling Waves In Interfacial Flows, Matthew W. Seiders
Dimension-Breaking For Traveling Waves In Interfacial Flows, Matthew W. Seiders
Theses and Dissertations
Fluid flow models in two spatial dimensions with a one-dimensional interface are known to support overturned traveling solutions. Computational methods of solving the two-dimensional problem are well developed, even in the case of overturned waves. The three-dimensional problem is harder for three prominent reasons. First, some formulations of the two-dimensional problem do not extend to three-dimensions. The technique of conformal mapping is a prime example, as it is very efficient in two dimensions but does not have a three-dimensional equivalent. Second, some three-dimensional models, such as the Transformed Field Expansion method, do not allow for overturned waves. Third, computational time …
Operational Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Inferential, Sequential, And Adversarial Approaches, Andrew J. Keith
Operational Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Inferential, Sequential, And Adversarial Approaches, Andrew J. Keith
Theses and Dissertations
Modern security threats are characterized by a stochastic, dynamic, partially observable, and ambiguous operational environment. This dissertation addresses such complex security threats using operations research techniques for decision making under uncertainty in operations planning, analysis, and assessment. First, this research develops a new method for robust queue inference with partially observable, stochastic arrival and departure times, motivated by cybersecurity and terrorism applications. In the dynamic setting, this work develops a new variant of Markov decision processes and an algorithm for robust information collection in dynamic, partially observable and ambiguous environments, with an application to a cybersecurity detection problem. In the …
Emergent Behavior Development And Control In Multi-Agent Systems, David W. King
Emergent Behavior Development And Control In Multi-Agent Systems, David W. King
Theses and Dissertations
Emergence in natural systems is the development of complex behaviors that result from the aggregation of simple agent-to-agent and agent-to-environment interactions. Emergence research intersects with many disciplines such as physics, biology, and ecology and provides a theoretical framework for investigating how order appears to spontaneously arise in complex adaptive systems. In biological systems, emergent behaviors allow simple agents to collectively accomplish multiple tasks in highly dynamic environments; ensuring system survival. These systems all display similar properties: self-organized hierarchies, robustness, adaptability, and decentralized task execution. However, current algorithmic approaches merely present theoretical models without showing how these models actually create hierarchical, …
Fast And Effective Techniques For Lwir Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Dimension-Reduction Approach, Nicholas M. Westing, Brett J. Borghetti, Kevin C. Gross
Fast And Effective Techniques For Lwir Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Dimension-Reduction Approach, Nicholas M. Westing, Brett J. Borghetti, Kevin C. Gross
Faculty Publications
The increasing spatial and spectral resolution of hyperspectral imagers yields detailed spectroscopy measurements from both space-based and airborne platforms. These detailed measurements allow for material classification, with many recent advancements from the fields of machine learning and deep learning. In many scenarios, the hyperspectral image must first be corrected or compensated for atmospheric effects. Radiative Transfer (RT) computations can provide look up tables (LUTs) to support these corrections. This research investigates a dimension-reduction approach using machine learning methods to create an effective sensor-specific long-wave infrared (LWIR) RT model.
Periodic Traveling Interfacial Hydroelastic Waves With Or Without Mass Ii: Multiple Bifurcations And Ripples, Benjamin F. Akers, David M. Ambrose, David W. Sulon
Periodic Traveling Interfacial Hydroelastic Waves With Or Without Mass Ii: Multiple Bifurcations And Ripples, Benjamin F. Akers, David M. Ambrose, David W. Sulon
Faculty Publications
In a prior work, the authors proved a global bifurcation theorem for spatially periodic interfacial hydroelastic traveling waves on infinite depth, and computed such traveling waves. The formulation of the traveling wave problem used both analytically and numerically allows for waves with multi-valued height. The global bifurcation theorem required a one-dimensional kernel in the linearization of the relevant mapping, but for some parameter values, the kernel is instead two-dimensional. In the present work, we study these cases with two-dimensional kernels, which occur in resonant and non-resonant variants. We apply an implicit function theorem argument to prove existence of traveling waves …
Improving Optimization Of Convolutional Neural Networks Through Parameter Fine-Tuning, Nicholas C. Becherer, John M. Pecarina, Scott L. Nykl, Kenneth M. Hopkinson
Improving Optimization Of Convolutional Neural Networks Through Parameter Fine-Tuning, Nicholas C. Becherer, John M. Pecarina, Scott L. Nykl, Kenneth M. Hopkinson
Faculty Publications
In recent years, convolutional neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a number of computer vision problems such as image classification. Prior research has shown that a transfer learning technique known as parameter fine-tuning wherein a network is pre-trained on a different dataset can boost the performance of these networks. However, the topic of identifying the best source dataset and learning strategy for a given target domain is largely unexplored. Thus, this research presents and evaluates various transfer learning methods for fine-grained image classification as well as the effect on ensemble networks. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of parameter …
Plasma Spectroscopy Of Titanium Monoxide For Characterization Of Laser Ablation, Todd A. Van Woerkom, Glen P. Perram, Christian G. Parigger, Brian D. Dolasinski, Charles D. Phelps, Patrick A. Berry
Plasma Spectroscopy Of Titanium Monoxide For Characterization Of Laser Ablation, Todd A. Van Woerkom, Glen P. Perram, Christian G. Parigger, Brian D. Dolasinski, Charles D. Phelps, Patrick A. Berry
Faculty Publications
Ablation of titanium wafers in air is accomplished with 60 µs pulsed, 2.94 µm laser radiation. Titanium monoxide spectra are measured in the wavelength range of 500 nm to 750 nm, and molecular signatures include bands of the C3 Δ → X3 Δ α, B3 Π → X3 Δ γ', and A3 Φ → X3 Δ γ transitions. The spatially and temporally averaged spectra appear to be in qualitative agreement with previous temporally resolved studies that employed shorter wavelengths and shorter pulse durations than utilized in this work. The background signals in the current study are possibly due to particulate …
3d Plasmonic Design Approach For Efficient Transmissive Huygens Metasurfaces, Bryan M. Adomanis, D. Bruce Burckel, Michael A. Marciniak
3d Plasmonic Design Approach For Efficient Transmissive Huygens Metasurfaces, Bryan M. Adomanis, D. Bruce Burckel, Michael A. Marciniak
Faculty Publications
In this paper we present a design concept for 3D plasmonic scatterers as high- efficiency transmissive metasurface (MS) building blocks. A genetic algorithm (GA) routine partitions the faces of the walls inside an open cavity into a M x N grid of voxels which can be either covered with metal or left bare, and optimizes the distribution of metal coverage needed to generate electric and magnetic modes of equal strength with a targeted phase delay (Φt) at the design wavelength. Even though the electric and magnetic modes can be more complicated than typical low order modes, with their spectral overlap …
Entrna: A Framework To Predict Rna Foldability, Congzhe Su, Jeffery D. Weir, Fei Zhang, Hao Yan, Teresa Wu
Entrna: A Framework To Predict Rna Foldability, Congzhe Su, Jeffery D. Weir, Fei Zhang, Hao Yan, Teresa Wu
Faculty Publications
RNA molecules play many crucial roles in living systems. The spatial complexity that exists in RNA structures determines their cellular functions. Therefore, understanding RNA folding conformations, in particular, RNA secondary structures, is critical for elucidating biological functions. Existing literature has focused on RNA design as either an RNA structure prediction problem or an RNA inverse folding problem where free energy has played a key role.
Nuclear Engineering At The Air Force Institute Of Technology: A Unique Graduate School Experience For A Unique Set Of Students, Michael B. Shattan
Nuclear Engineering At The Air Force Institute Of Technology: A Unique Graduate School Experience For A Unique Set Of Students, Michael B. Shattan
Faculty Publications
In August 2018, the Air University Commander formed a task force to review the Air Force’s Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduate education programs that are delivered and administered through the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The study was rooted in strategies to support the 2018 National Defense Strategy, and provided the necessary technologically equipped personnel for the 21st century. The study was commonly referred to as “reimagining AFIT”. Several themes emerged from the study, which include reaching a broader community of Airmen through alternate educational modes (e.g. distance learning, short course etc.), forming strategic educational and research …
M2 Factor Of A Vector Schell-Model Beam, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Mark F. Spencer
M2 Factor Of A Vector Schell-Model Beam, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Mark F. Spencer
Faculty Publications
Extending existing scalar Schell-model source work, we derive the M2 factor for a general electromagnetic or vector Schell-model source to assess beam quality. In particular, we compute the M2 factors for two vector Schell-model sources found in the literature. We then describe how to synthesize vector Schell-model beams in terms of specified, desired M2 and present Monte Carlo simulation results to validate our analysis.
Providing A Piece Of The Puzzle: Insights Into The Aircraft Availability Conundrum, Jonathan D. Ritschel, Tamiko L. Ritschel, Nicole B. York
Providing A Piece Of The Puzzle: Insights Into The Aircraft Availability Conundrum, Jonathan D. Ritschel, Tamiko L. Ritschel, Nicole B. York
Faculty Publications
Aircraft availability (AA) is a key metric for assessing operational readiness. The declining trend in AA is a documented concern for senior Air Force leaders. This paper aims to investigate the components of non-available time and subsequently focuses on the largest and fastest growing category: not mission capable maintenance unscheduled (NMCMU). Then, utilization of aircraft platforms is examined to determine the readiness benefits of increasing available hours.
Strategic Location And Dispatch Management Of Assets In A Military Medical Evacuation Enterprise, Phillip R. Jenkins
Strategic Location And Dispatch Management Of Assets In A Military Medical Evacuation Enterprise, Phillip R. Jenkins
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation considers the importance of optimizing deployed military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) systems and utilizes operations research techniques to develop models that allow military medical planners to analyze different strategies regarding the management of MEDEVAC assets in a deployed environment. For optimization models relating to selected subproblems of the MEDEVAC enterprise, the work herein leverages integer programming, multi-objective optimization, Markov decision processes, approximate dynamic programming, and machine learning, as appropriate, to identify relevant insights for aerial MEDEVAC operations.
An Analysis Of Changing The Federal Age Requirement For A Commercial Driver’S License, Matthew L. Mangen
An Analysis Of Changing The Federal Age Requirement For A Commercial Driver’S License, Matthew L. Mangen
Theses and Dissertations
The United States trucking industry has been struggling with a driver shortage for decades (Mittal et al., 2018).Trucks are one of the most important modes of transportation in getting domestic freight from one point to another. The current shortage is expected to continue to grow at an alarming rate if nothing is done to change it (American Trucking Associations, 2017). Having a shortage of drivers will increase transportation costs and lead to delayed shipments. There has been a push to change the public policy to lower the age requirement for a Commercial Driver’s License to 18. This research explores how …
Cocyclic Hadamard Matrices: An Efficient Search Based Algorithm, Jonathan S. Turner
Cocyclic Hadamard Matrices: An Efficient Search Based Algorithm, Jonathan S. Turner
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation serves as the culmination of three papers. “Counting the decimation classes of binary vectors with relatively prime fixed-density" presents the first non-exhaustive decimation class counting algorithm. “A Novel Approach to Relatively Prime Fixed Density Bracelet Generation in Constant Amortized Time" presents a novel lexicon for binary vectors based upon the Discrete Fourier Transform, and develops a bracelet generation method based upon the same. “A Novel Legendre Pair Generation Algorithm" expands upon the bracelet generation algorithm and includes additional constraints imposed by Legendre Pairs. It further presents an efficient sorting and comparison algorithm based upon symmetric functions, as well …
The Nuclear Network: Multiplex Network Analysis For Interconnected Systems, Bethany L. Goldblum, Andrew W. Reddie, Thomas C. Hickey, James E. Bevins, Sarah Laderman, Nathaniel Mahowald, Austin P. Wright, Elie Katzenson, Yara Mubarak
The Nuclear Network: Multiplex Network Analysis For Interconnected Systems, Bethany L. Goldblum, Andrew W. Reddie, Thomas C. Hickey, James E. Bevins, Sarah Laderman, Nathaniel Mahowald, Austin P. Wright, Elie Katzenson, Yara Mubarak
Faculty Publications
States facing the decision to develop a nuclear weapons program do so within a broader context of their relationships with other countries. How these diplomatic, economic, and strategic relationships impact proliferation decisions, however, remains under-specified. Adding to the existing empirical literature that attempts to model state proliferation decisions, this article introduces the first quantitative heterogeneous network analysis of how networks of conflict, alliances, trade, and nuclear cooperation interact to spur or deter nuclear proliferation. Using a multiplex network model, we conceptualize states as nodes linked by different modes of interaction represented on individual network layers. Node strength is used to …
The Trust-Based Interactive Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, Richard S. Seymour
The Trust-Based Interactive Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, Richard S. Seymour
Theses and Dissertations
Cooperative agent and robot systems are designed so that each is working toward the same common good. The problem is that the software systems are extremely complex and can be subverted by an adversary to either break the system or potentially worse, create sneaky agents who are willing to cooperate when the stakes are low and take selfish, greedy actions when the rewards rise. This research focuses on the ability of a group of agents to reason about the trustworthiness of each other and make decisions about whether to cooperate. A trust-based interactive partially observable Markov decision process (TI-POMDP) is …
Analyzing The Efficiency Of Horizontal Photovoltaic Cells In Various Climate Regions, Parker A. Hines, Torrey J. Wagner, Clay M. Koschnick, Steven J. Schuldt
Analyzing The Efficiency Of Horizontal Photovoltaic Cells In Various Climate Regions, Parker A. Hines, Torrey J. Wagner, Clay M. Koschnick, Steven J. Schuldt
Faculty Publications
This research presents the development of linear regression models to predict horizontal photovoltaic power output. We collected a dataset from 14 global Department of Defense (DoD) installations over a timeframe of one year using an experimental apparatus, resulting in 24,179 usable data points. We developed a linear model to predict power output, which incorporated site-specific weather and geographical characteristics, along with Köppen-Geiger climate classifications in order to determine the effect of adding climate to the model. After performing a Wald test between the full model and a reduced model without Köppen-Geiger climate variables, it was determined that including Köppen-Geiger climate …
Methods For Using Manpower To Assess Usaf Strategic Risk, Calvin J. Bradshaw Iii
Methods For Using Manpower To Assess Usaf Strategic Risk, Calvin J. Bradshaw Iii
Theses and Dissertations
With limited personnel resource funding availability, senior US Air Force (USAF) decision makers struggle to base enterprise resource allocation from rigorous analytical traceability. There are over 240 career fields in the USAF spanning 12 enterprises. Each enterprise develops annual risk assessments by distinctive core capabilities. A core capability (e.g. Research and Development) is an enabling function necessary for the USAF to perform its mission as part of the Department of Defense (DOD). Assessing risk at the core capability is a good start to assessing risk, but is still not comprehensiveness enough. One of the twelve enterprises has linked its task …
2018 Annual Report Of The Graduate School, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
2018 Annual Report Of The Graduate School, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
AFIT Documents
The Annual Report shares information about the activities of the Graduate School of Engineering and Management at AFIT with the Air Force, Department of Defense, and wider public. All images are Air Force, NASA, or AFIT owned or used with permission unless otherwise identified. The DoD, other Federal Government, and non-Government agencies supported the research reported herein but have not reviewed nor endorsed the contents of this publication.
Methodology For Comparison Of Algorithms For Real-World Multi-Objective Optimization Problems: Space Surveillance Network Design, Troy B. Dontigney
Methodology For Comparison Of Algorithms For Real-World Multi-Objective Optimization Problems: Space Surveillance Network Design, Troy B. Dontigney
Theses and Dissertations
Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is an activity vital to protecting national and commercial satellites from damage or destruction due to collisions. Recent research has demonstrated a methodology using evolutionary algorithms (EAs) which is intended to develop near-optimal Space Surveillance Network (SSN) architectures in the sense of low cost, low latency, and high resolution. That research is extended here by (1) developing and applying a methodology to compare the performance of two or more algorithms against this problem, and (2) analyzing the effects of using reduced data sets in those searches. Computational experiments are presented in which the performance of five …
Persuasion, Political Warfare, And Deterrence: Behavioral And Behaviorally Robust Models, William N. Caballero
Persuasion, Political Warfare, And Deterrence: Behavioral And Behaviorally Robust Models, William N. Caballero
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines game theory models in the context of persuasion and competition wherein decision-makers are not completely rational by considering two complementary threads of research. The first thread of research pertains to offensive and preemptively defensive behavioral models. Research in this thread makes three notable contributions. First, an offensive modeling framework is created to identify how an entity optimally influences a populace to take a desired course of action. Second, a defensive modeling framework is defined wherein a regulating entity takes action to bound the behavior of multiple adversaries simultaneously attempting to persuade a group of decision-makers. Third, an …
Statistical Viability Analysis Of United States Air Force Estimating Cost Factor For Sustainable Construction, Philip A. Ramsey, Diedrich Prigge, Torrey J. Wagner, Alfred E. Thal Jr.
Statistical Viability Analysis Of United States Air Force Estimating Cost Factor For Sustainable Construction, Philip A. Ramsey, Diedrich Prigge, Torrey J. Wagner, Alfred E. Thal Jr.
Faculty Publications
Varying legislation and executive orders coupled with needs for energy resiliency have led the United States Air Force (USAF) to pursue sustainable construction. However, the limited understanding of initial costs to implement these changes have contributed to poor project cost estimating, resulting in 62 percent of USAF projects experiencing more than 5 percent cost growth. After reviewing 1628 USAF Military Construction (MILCON) construction projects in 922 category codes (CATCODEs), a twotailed t-test for populations with unequal variance was accomplished on the final normalized contract cost for 340 projects in 16 CATCODEs executed between 2002 and 2017. This analysis provides a …
Using Wind And Hydro Power To Sustain The Off-Grid Power Supply For A 50' Cruising Sailboat, Keisha Meyer, Torrey J. Wagner, Jada Williams
Using Wind And Hydro Power To Sustain The Off-Grid Power Supply For A 50' Cruising Sailboat, Keisha Meyer, Torrey J. Wagner, Jada Williams
Faculty Publications
Cruising sailboats operate with a power requirement modest enough to operate mostly or completely on renewable energy technology sources. Cruisers without renewable energy systems use the vessel’s diesel engine to charge the boat’s batteries; if the systems are operated at anchor, this dramatically decreases the time before the engine needs major overhaul. System users estimate a diesel engine can run approximately 8,000 hours underway before needing major overhaul, whereas operating 500 hours at anchor produces similar wear and tear on engine pistons. Although renewable energy systems have a high initial capital cost, these systems can provide the vessel’s electrical system …
Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2018, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology
Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2018, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology
AFIT Documents
This Research Report presents the FY18 research statistics and contributions of the Graduate School of Engineering and Management (EN) at AFIT. AFIT research interests and faculty expertise cover a broad spectrum of technical areas related to USAF needs, as reflected by the range of topics addressed in the faculty and student publications listed in this report. In most cases, the research work reported herein is directly sponsored by one or more USAF or DOD agencies. AFIT welcomes the opportunity to conduct research on additional topics of interest to the USAF, DOD, and other federal organizations when adequate manpower and financial …
Incentivizing Cyber Security Investment In The Power Sector Using An Extended Cyber Insurance Framework, Jack P. Rosson, Mason J. Rice, Juan Lopez Jr., R. David Fass
Incentivizing Cyber Security Investment In The Power Sector Using An Extended Cyber Insurance Framework, Jack P. Rosson, Mason J. Rice, Juan Lopez Jr., R. David Fass
Faculty Publications
Collaboration between the DHS Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and public-sector partners has revealed that a dearth of cyber-incident data combined with the unpredictability of cyber attacks have contributed to a shortfall in first-party cyber insurance protection in the critical infrastructure community. This research explores the foundations of insurance theory and adopts behavioral manipulation methods to incentivize cyber-security investment. We validate the model by applying power industry performance data from 2013-2015 to assess risk facing the industry. Results show that the model can successfully discriminate between individual power companies as well as geographic regions on the basis of risk …
Finding The Symmetry Group Of An Lp With Equality Constraints And Its Application To Classifying Orthogonal Arrays, Andrew J. Geyer, Dursun A. Bulutoglu, Kenneth J. Ryan
Finding The Symmetry Group Of An Lp With Equality Constraints And Its Application To Classifying Orthogonal Arrays, Andrew J. Geyer, Dursun A. Bulutoglu, Kenneth J. Ryan
Faculty Publications
Excerpt: For a given linear program (LP) a permutation of its variables that sends feasible points to feasible points and preserves the objective function value of each of its feasible points is a symmetry of the LP. The set of all symmetries of an LP, denoted by GLP, is the symmetry group of the LP. Margot (2010) described a method for computing a subgroup of the symmetry group GLP of an LP. This method computes GLP when the LP has only non-redundant inequalities and its feasible set satisfies no equality constraints.
Ergodicity For The 3d Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations Perturbed By Lévy Noise, Manil T. Mohan, K. Sakthivel, Sivaguru S. Sritharan
Ergodicity For The 3d Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations Perturbed By Lévy Noise, Manil T. Mohan, K. Sakthivel, Sivaguru S. Sritharan
Faculty Publications
In this work we construct a Markov family of martingale solutions for 3D stochastic Navier–Stokes equations (SNSE) perturbed by Lévy noise with periodic boundary conditions. Using the Kolmogorov equations of integrodifferential type associated with the SNSE perturbed by Lévy noise, we construct a transition semigroup and establish the existence of a unique invariant measure. We also show that it is ergodic and strongly mixing.
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The Lowest-Energy Isomer Of C2Si2H4 Is A Bridged Ring: Reinterpretation Of The Spectroscopic Data Based On Dft And Coupled-Cluster Calculations, Jesse J. Lutz, Larry W. Burggraf
The Lowest-Energy Isomer Of C2Si2H4 Is A Bridged Ring: Reinterpretation Of The Spectroscopic Data Based On Dft And Coupled-Cluster Calculations, Jesse J. Lutz, Larry W. Burggraf
Faculty Publications
The lowest-energy isomer of C2Si2H4 is determined by high-accuracy ab initio calculations to be the bridged four-membered ring 1,2-didehydro-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (1), contrary to prior theoretical and experimental studies favoring the three-member ring silylsilacyclopropenylidene (2). These and eight other low-lying minima on the potential energy surface are characterized and ordered by energy using the CCSD(T) method with complete basis set extrapolation, and the resulting benchmark-quality set of relative isomer energies is used to evaluate the performance of several comparatively inexpensive approaches based on many-body perturbation theory and density functional theory (DFT). Double-hybrid DFT methods are found to …