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Spectrum Of Hodgkin's Disease In Children And Adults: Impact Of Combined Morphologic And Phenotypic Approach For Exclusion Of Look-Alikes, Tanya Siddiqui, Shahid Pervez

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and its various subtypes in children and adults and assess the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) studies in confirming HD cases and excluding its close mimicries/look-alikes.

Material and Methods:

All 265 Hodgkin’s disease cases diagnosed at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi over the last 6 years (July 1991 - July 1997) were included. Of these 219 were diagnosed on routine H&E examination while in the remaining 46 cases, diagnosis was made after a thorough IHC workup. (This group initially included 161 cases labelled as lymphoproliferative disorder with HD as one of …

Dietary Practices And Beliefs Of Patients With Chronic Liver Disease, S H. Badruddin, S M. Jafri, A Ahmed, S Abid

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Objective: To study of the dietary practices and beliefs of patients suffering from chronic liver disease.

Setting: Two private tertcary care hospitals.

Method: Fifty patients presenting to the Gastroenterology Clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Baqai Hospital, with compensated liver disease and no other co-morbid condition which required dietary modifications, were enrolled in the study. Patients were interviewed regarding their current dietary practices using an open-ended questionnaire.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 48 years and the majority were in relatively poor nutritional status. Four had BMI's < 18; 58% had Hb < 12 g/dl and 36% had albumin levels < 3 gm/dl. The percentage of patients avoiding various foods is as follows: meats 72%, fats and oils 64%, salt 42%, spices 34%, milk and milk products 28%, rice 20%.

Conclusion: The most commonly cited reason for avoiding a …

Dysphagia In Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type Iv, U Shah, M Arshad, T Mozaffar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Aga Khan University, Report 1999, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan University Reports Archives

• Message from the Chairman
• Maximizing human resource potential
• National and international donor support
• Foreword
• The University Hospital
• Alumni Support
• The Faculty of Health Sciences
• Enabling environment for research
• Financial highlights
• Institute for Educational Development
• New facilities lead expansion

Myelofibrosis In Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets, Mehnaz Atiq, Zehra Fadoo, Fouzia Naz, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in infants and children in the underdeveloped countries¹. Infants with mild deficiency tend to present with complications like hypocalcemic seizures whereas occurrence of pathological features in advanced rickets is well elucidated². Secondary myeloflbrosis has been reported as a complication of severe rickets and in these children anemia, myeloid metaplasia and bone marrow aplasia strongly suggested myelofibrosis. Despite the high prevalence of rickets in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, there has been no report on this complication.We present a case of severe clinical rickets who had developed secondary myelofibrosis with hepatosplenomegaly. The purpose of …

Effect Of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index And Gestational Weight Gain On Birth Weight, S S. Merchant, I A. Momin, A A. Sewani, N F. Zuberi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: Nutritional status of women has been considered an important prognostic indicator of birth outcome. The study aims to show the effect of various prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) categories and corresponding gestational weight gain on newborn birth weight.
Methods: Two hundred women were included in the study. These women had regular antenatal visits and later delivered at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) between the period January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1997.
Results: For women with prepregnancy BMI < 19., mean birth weight of newborns was lower for those gaining < 12.5 kg than those gaining > 12.5 kg (P < 0.001). Women who started their pregnancy with BMI 19.8-26 and gained weight above expected range gave birth to high birth weight babies (P = 0.009). Gestational weight gain did not have a significant association with birth weight for women having prepregnancy BMI > 26.
Conclusion: Efforts should be made to attain adequate prepregnancy weight to reduce the likelihood of low …

Poor Performance Of Health And Population Welfare Programmes In Sindh: Case Studies In Governance Failure, Mehtab S. Karim, Shehla Zaidi

Community Health Sciences

Over the past few years, the issue of what is meant by “good governance” has generated increasing attention and debate both at the national and international level [Streeten (1997)]. The role of state and how that role is to be exercised is appearing high on the agenda of politicians, policy-makers and academicians in the developing world. Governance has been defined by the World Bank as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of the country’s economic and social resources” [World Bank (1994)]. The somewhat narrow scope of this definition has been broadened in recent years to “the …

Smoking In Pakistan: More Than Cancer And Heart Disease, A T. Merchant, S P. Luby, G Perveen

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Annual Report 1998, Board Of Directors

The Aga Khan Health Services Archives

• AKHS,P
• Board of Directors 1998
• A message from the Chairperson
• The Chief Executive Officer's report
• A brief historical background to AKHS,P
• Our approach
• Northern Areas & Chitral
• Karachi: the Clinical Programs
• Karachi: the Community Programs
• Sindh
• Punjab
• Health Education
• Abbreviations

Aga Khan University, Report 1994-1998, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan University Reports Archives

• Message from the Chairman
• Foreword
• The Faculty of Health Sciences
• School Nutrition Program
• The Institute for Educational Development
• The Aga Khan University Hospital
• New Facilities Accommodate Growth
• AKU's evolving research capacity
• Alumni strengthen the University
• New Leadership appointments
• Brown University honours Chancellor
• National and International Support
• Financial Highlight
• Program at a glance

Pneumonia Perceptions And Management: An Ethnographic Study In Urban Squatter Settlements Of Karachi, Pakistan, Rafat Hussain, Melvyn A. Lobo, Bazmi Inam, Amanullah Khan, Asma Fozia Qureshi, David Marsh

Community Health Sciences

Childhood pneumonia continues to be the second highest contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in all ethnic groups in Pakistan. Information on community perceptions and management is largely limited to the Punjabi populace. In this study, ethno-specific illness terminologies, recognition and severity indicators and resort to treatment options for childhood pneumonia are explored among the two main ethnic groups in Sindh. Results are based on focus group discussions with 90 caretakers and 16 case history interviews. The findings indicate that pneumonia recognition is almost universal. The main recognition and severity indicator was pasli chalna (chest indrawing) followed by signs and …

Prevalence And Severity Of Viral Hepatitis In Pakistani Pregnant Women: A Five Year Hospital Based Study, A B. Aziz, S Hamid, S Iqbal, W Islam, S A. Karim

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

A hospital based observational study was carried out on pregnant women presenting with either acute hepatitis or fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), during the past years. Of 53 patients, 20 (38%) developed FHF.Non-A, Non-B was the commonest cause (62%) followed by hepatitis B in 17% and hepatitis A in 4% cases. Eight women expired (case fatality rate 15%) with a high maternal mortality (62%) caused by NANB hepatitis. Perinatal mortality was 30%. Poor prognostic factors identified were lack of antenatal care, severity of jaundice, history of somnolence, gastrointestinal bleeding and a high grade of encephalopathy.

Constraints To Adoption Of Appropriate Breast Feeding Practices In A Squatter Settlement In Karachi, Pakistan, S H. Badruddin, S N. Inam, S Ramzanali, K Hendricks

Section of Internal Medicine

Appropriate breast feeding practices (ABFP) are important for successful lactation. Constraints to adoption of ABFP by mothers in a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan are reported. One hundred and two mother-infant pairs were followed from birth to 16 weeks of age. Eighty-seven infants received prelacteal feeds of honey as a quasi-religious ritual, 16 received ghutti for "cleansing of stomach", other prelacteal feeds were given as substitutes for breast feeding. Twenty nine mothers initiated breast feeding within 4 hours of birth. Supplemental water was given to 53 infants; major reasons being mothers' perception of thirst and diarrhoea in the infant. Supplemental …

The Role Of Zinc In Health And Disease: Relevance To Child Health In Developing Countries, Z A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Faculty Of Health And Sciences School Of Nursing Year Book 1987, Aga Khan University

Faculty/staff directories, alumni magazines, and yearbooks

The Aga Khan University Faculty of Health Sciences Year Book 1987 captures the early spirit and milestones of the School of Nursing at AKU, Karachi. It features messages from His Highness The Aga Khan and Her Highness Begum Salimah Aga Khan, highlighting the university’s vision for excellence in healthcare and education. The yearbook includes photographs, profiles of faculty and students, academic highlights, events, and contributions from the Classes of 1987, 1988, and 1989. It also documents the support of the Board of Trustees, administration, and donors who played a foundational role in shaping the institution.

"John Hopkins Executive Health - A Superior Health Assessment Program From America’S Premier Medical Center", Johns Hopkins

Selected secondary sources and publications with substantial content about AKU

This brochure outlines the comprehensive services offered by the Johns Hopkins Executive Health Program—a premium, personalized health assessment service targeting senior professionals and executives. It describes the structure of the one-day or two-day evaluation, including diagnostic tests, consultations, and hospitality services. Testimonials emphasize the quality and efficiency of the program, which combines clinical excellence with comfort and convenience.

Lactose Intolerance In Persistent Diarrhoea During Childhood: The Role Of A Traditional Rice-Lentil (Khitchri) And Yogurt Diet In Nutritional Management, Z A. Bhutta, S Q. Nizami, Z Isani

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Lactose intolerance is frequently encountered in children with persistent diarrhoea (PD). Selection of an appropriate milk-based formulation is a major management problem in the developing world. In a consecutive series of studies, we evaluated the role of feeding a traditional rice-lentil (khitchri) diet alone (KY) or in combination with either soy formula (KY-Soy) a dilute buffalo milk (KY-B), in children (age 6 months-3 years) with PD. Serial observations of stool output, caloric intake and weight gain of these children over a 14 day period indicated satisfactory tolerance of the KY diet with adequate weight gain. The weight gain and stool …

Efficacy Of Octreotide In Diarrhoea Due To Vibrio Cholerae: A Randomized, Controlled Trial, Z Abbas, I Moid, A H. Khan, S M. Jafri, S H. Shah, S Abid, S Hamid

Section of Gastroenterology

Although octreotide, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, is currently used in the treatment of chronic secretory diarrhoea due to various causes, its role in the management of acute secretory diarrhoea is not well established. In the present study, therefore, the therapeutic value of octreotide in the management of cholera, a classical example of acute secretory diarrhoea, was investigated. During an outbreak of cholera, patients admitted with acute secretory diarrhoea of < or = 24 h duration and a purging rate > 100 ml/h were enrolled on the study and randomly assigned to octreotide (N = 17) and control (N = 16) groups. All 33 patients received intravenous fluid replacement and antibiotic …

Complications Of Endotracheal Intubation In Mechanically Ventilated Patients In A General Intensive Care Unit, Fazal Hameed Khan, Fauzia A. Khan, Robyna Irshad Khan, Rehana S Kamal

Department of Anaesthesia

During a period of one year, 126 patients were prospectively audited to analyse complications of endotra­cheal intubation in a general intensive care unit setting. A total of 62 complications were observed in 48 patients. The most frequent complications during intubation were hypotension and bradycardia. The blockage of endotracheal tubes significantly increased with the duration of intubation. Sore throat was the commonest (22%) complication following extubation. Other complications like stridor and ulceration of mouth and lips which followed extubation were not related to the duration of intubation.

The Aga Khan Health Services - International Newsletter No. 63, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan Health Services Archives

• Nursing Research for Better Health

• AKHSI’s “Khana Khazana” Nutrition Program Receives Wide Acclaim

• Monitoring Perinatal Care Quality

• “Khana Khazana”

• Nasir Bids Adieu After 17 Years at AKU

• AKU at Engro Chemical, Daharki

• Japanese Grant for AKDN Projects in Northern Pakistan

• “My Children Would Have Been Motherless If....”

• Japanese Grant

• The Occult Sciences in Islamic Civilization

• Brown University

• His Highness Receives Degree at Brown University

• AKU Conference on Medical Education

Fulminant Hepatic Failure In Pregnant Women: Acute Fatty Liver Or Acute Viral Hepatitis?, S S. Hamid, S M. Jafri, H Khan, H Shah, Z Abbas, H Fields

Section of Gastroenterology

Background: Hepatitis E virus, which is endemic in our region, can cause severe liver dysfunction in pregnant women and this can be clinically confused with acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

Methods: We studied the clinical and laboratory data as well as the maternal and fetal outcomes of 12 pregnant women presenting with fulminant hepatic failure in order to determine the etiology of the disease. The clinical diagnoses were subsequently correlated with serologic assays for acute HEV infection. All patients were severely ill with deep jaundice, grade 3-4 encephalopathy and abnormal prothrombin times.

Results: A clinical diagnosis of acute viral …

South Asian Foodways In Britain Diversity And Change And The Implications For Health Promotion, Tashmin Khamis

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

People originating from the Indian sub-continent (South Asians) make up the largest ethnic minority group in Britain and suffer from higher rates of coronary heart disease (CIII)) and noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) than the general population. The "classic" risk factors (other than diabetes and insulin resistance) do not explain these elevated rates. Insulin resistance is associated with central obesity, which is more prevalent amongst South Asians than Europeans and the most effective dietary means of preventing or reversing obesity is by reducing fat and energy intake. However it has been hypothesized that regional origins and religious differences within the …

Physicians To The World, Johns Hopkins International Services

Selected secondary sources and publications with substantial content about AKU

A 1996 brochure introducing Johns Hopkins International Services, offering international patients access to top-ranked medical care in the U.S. It highlights the hospital’s global reputation, patient-centered services, and broad range of specialties, supported by cutting-edge research and education through Johns Hopkins University.

The Aga Khan Health Services - International Newsletter No. 60, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan Health Services Archives

• AKU’s 2nd National Symposium Brings Experts And Young Scientists Together

• Story Cards for Health Education

• Life Saving Hotline

• DWHP Program Begins Training LHVs

• Dr. John H. Dirks

• Beating the Odds of Preterm Birth

• Story Cards

• The Theory of Islamic Medicine -Part ll

• International Molecular Biology Workshop At AKU

• The Horrors of Hospital Waste Mis-Management

• Hira makes remarkable recovery

An Update On Hyperlipidemia And Its Management, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Basic Medical Research As A Means Of Solving National Health Problems, M. Perwaiz Iqbal, M Anwar Waqar

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Rapid Community Based Health Evaluation Of Pregnant Women In Low Socioeconomic Settlements Of Karachi, F F. Fikree, H W. Berendes, J Villar

Community Health Sciences

A rapid nutritional and health evaluation of a random sample of 163 pregnant women was conducted in low socioeconomic settlements of Karachi, with the objective of determining the morbidity and nutritional status of pregnant women. These data are expected to be used in an ongoing community-based antenatal care programme. Twenty-nine percent of women reported fever, 14 percent diarrhoea and 33 percent respiratory infections in the previous week. Mean weight was 54.8 (+/- 10.6) kg, mean height was 151.6 (+/- 6.0) cm and mean midarm circumference was 25.6 (+/- 3.2) cm. The mean uterine height at gestational ages 8 months and …

Assessment Of Quality Activities At Akuh May 1995, Nadeem Mustafa Khan

Nadeem Mustafa Khan Archives

• Introduction
• Background and History
• Organizational Framework for Quality
• Organizational Structure for Quality
• Committee Structure
• Quality Assurance Coordinating Committee (QACC)
• Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Process
• Review of Hospital Quality Assessment and Improvement Using JCAHO Criteria
• Quality Activities at AKUH: Structural, Process and Outcome Measures
• Structural Measures
• Process Measures
• Direct Patient Care
• Indirect Patient Care
• Outcome Measures
• Assessment and Recommendations
• Recommendations and the Future
• Traditional Quality Assurance vs Continuous Quality Improvement
• Total Quality Management
• Sources / References

Appendices To Assessment Of Quality Activities At Akuh May 1995, Nadeem Mustafa Khan

Nadeem Mustafa Khan Archives

• Terms of Reference of the Quality Assurance Co-ordinating Committee
• Committee Mandate
• Reporting Relationship
• Quality Assessment and Improvement
• Quality Assessment and Improvement Questionnaire and Results
• Quality Processes and Activities: Detailed Results
• Leadership and Quality Improvement
• Monitoring and Evaluation of Patient Care
• Quality Indicators and Measurement
• Infection Control and Patient Safety
• Clinical Quality Assessment
• Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Activities

The Aga Khan Health Services - International Newsletter No. 59, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan Health Services Archives

• “Women’s Health: Nurses Pave the Way”

• Japanese Ambassador Visits AKDN Programs in Northern Pakistan

• Role of LHVs in Primary Eye Care

• Outcomes of Primary Health Care in Kisumu and Mombasa

• International Partnership Promotes Better Health Care at AKU

• Hope Flickers for Zuleikha

• Volunteers Appreciation Evening 1995

• Dr. Joseph B. McCormick

• Workshop on Health Care Management

• Greeting Cards with a Difference!

• International Nurses Day

• Primary Eye Care

• PHC Projects in Africa

• PHC MAP Workshop

• A Gift of Love From Germany

• Canada to Help Women Health …