Digital Commons Network^™

Transforming Military Spectrum Management With Spectrack, Rachel Mccoy, Rafa Gould, Abby Fornadel

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

The U.S. military faces operational and financial challenges due to inefficient electromagnetic spectrum
management. This poster and accompanying research statement introduce our minimum viable product, SpecTrack, which we created in response to a challenge presented by the U.S. Department of Defense's Joint Spectrum Agency. SpecTrack centralizes and visualizes spectrum requests to offer insights, streamline communication, and reduce costs. It integrates with current tools like Spectrum XXI and HUNSWDO while enhancing usability through a visual Common Operating Picture (COP). Our user-centered design process included stakeholder interviews and site visits to Germany. The result: a scalable platform that modernizes and simplifies military …

Spinozas Stellung In Der Vorgeschichte Des Dialektischen Materialismus; Reden Und AufsäTze Zur Wiederkehr Seines 250. Todestages, August Thalheimer, A M. Deborin

Hannah Arendt Marginalia - All

Wien, Verlag für Literatur und Politik [1928]

Call #: B3998 .T45

Contains marginal lining PDF information: 17 pages - 11.6 MB

Using Digital Engagement Methods To Balance Democracy And Efficiency In Public Decision Making, Catherine Zietse

PNHA Review

At the bedrock of our democratic society is the active participation of everyday people in shaping public affairs. Local governments seek to build inclusive and democratic processes for decision making, while at the same time being good stewards of scarce resources to efficiently address immediate needs of the community. This paper explores the role of digital engagement in balancing democracy and efficiency in public decision-making by looking at both theory and practice. Academic literature and case studies from the field show that technology and digital engagement platforms do not circumvent the risks of traditional engagement methods but provide both opportunities …

Fitness Standards For Police, Kam Robles

PNHA Review

This research addresses the inherent stressors within police work and the health and wellness problems prevalent among law enforcement officers. Police officers are at a higher risk of many of the health concerns currently plaguing the population of the already unhealthy United States. Of particular note is that back injury and pain stands out as potentially the most prevalent among the health issues experienced by law enforcement personnel. Worsening this fact is the recent trend of law enforcement administrators shying away from the issue of the unhealthy employees of law enforcement agencies. The solution of implementing widespread voluntary physical fitness …

Social Innovation As A Catalyst To Achieving The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs), Patricia Okolo

PNHA Review

This research explores the re-shaping role of social innovation in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developed by the United Nations in 2015. In the midst of global challenges such as poverty, inequality, and climate change, this research examines social innovation as an important mechanism for achieving sustainable development. The article highlights the significant contributions of social innovation across various sectors, emphasizing its ability to address unmet social needs, promote environmental sustainability, and foster economic development. It identifies critical factors for the success of social innovation, including community involvement, scalability, access to resources, and supportive policy environments, and highlights the …

The Psychology Of Healthy Aging: A Blend Of Cognitive And Behavioral Aspects For Staying Healthy, Esther B. Noah

PNHA Review

Human life expectancy has increased in most parts of the world with a noticeable demographic shift toward a larger population of older adults. This increase and shift have created an unexpected gap in our healthcare system and society. With these changes, how can older adults be guaranteed increased longevity, quality of life, and a healthy life span? This article explores the psychology of healthy aging, emphasizing that proactive health management plans and positive health behaviors contribute to healthy aging among the older adult population. While primary data collection through interviews was conducted to support the study, the analysis primarily relies …

From The Editor-In Chief, Richard W. Jelier

PNHA Review

No abstract provided.

A New Age Of Leaders: Examining The Empowering Effect Of Collaborative Leadership In Nonprofit Organizations, Colton C. Hyble

PNHA Review

In the changing environment in the nonprofit sector, leaders are under increasing pressure to satisfy stakeholders and bring change to their communities. The collaborative leadership style, proposed and built upon by various authors in the twentieth century, is one potential solution. A theoretical analysis was conducted to understand the collaborative style, its strengths and weaknesses, and its applicability to the nonprofit sector. Results showed overwhelmingly positive findings in the impact on the organization, highlighted by increased organizational performance, a positive workplace environment, and superb employee job satisfaction. Few drawbacks and potential pitfalls exist in slowness, the possibility of a narrow …

Director’S Message, Neal Buckwalter

PNHA Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Pnha Review

PNHA Review

No abstract provided.

A More Comprehensive Response: Collaboration Between Nonprofit Organizations, Abigail J. Punt

PNHA Review

Collaboration between nonprofit leaders and organizations has gained increasing attention as a potential solution to the challenges of funding and program design nonprofits experience in the face of complex social issues. Could collaborative arrangements between nonprofits create more innovative solutions and unlock access to greater resources in an increasingly competitive environment? While much attention has been paid to the role of resource dependency in driving organizations to collaborate, there are additional aspects of these arrangements that must be considered. While the benefits of collaboration are typically shared collectively by partnering organizations and the communities they serve, the costs associated with …

Makers And Small-Scale Manufacturing In Cities: Strategies For Fostering Place, Urban Production, And Economic Growth, Charles Steven Hively

PNHA Review

This paper seeks to answer whether incentivizing makers and small-scale manufacturing has any effect on the economic development or economic growth of a region. Currently, no research exists indicating a causal link between economic growth and incentivizing makers and small-scale manufacturing. Much of the previous conversation from economic development focuses on place-making and revitalization of distressed areas. This paper attempts to link three observations together to infer a positive correlation with economic growth: that higher productivity cities have higher levels of wages and employment; that incentivizing or promoting small-scale manufacturing increases their number and success; and that these small businesses …

Mental Health Standards In Michigan Juvenile Detention Facilities: At Odds With Best Practice And State’S Own Public Health Code, Jessica M. Montgomery

PNHA Review

This paper details the current standards and qualifications established for mental health providers in Michigan juvenile justice system (JJS) detention facilities. The state policies regulating JJS detention facilities are compared with Michigan’s Public Health Code Act (1978) and best-practice recommendations published by national mental health and juvenile justice authorities. This paper finds that Michigan policies regulating JJS detention facilities fall below both national best-practice recommendations and the state Public Health Code (1978), and effectively establish a standard of mental health care for youth in JJS detention facilities that is below what is established for youth in the general public. It …

Transforming Healthcare With Ai: The Illusion Of Control, Garrett L. Heaney

PNHA Review

Artificial intelligence is a new technology that has paved a path into the future for our healthcare sectors. This technology uses machine learning methods and big data to conduct its intended purpose within its designated parameters; however, researchers and consumers have experienced unintended outcomes. Artificial intelligence is deployed throughout our daily lives, so our society looks at this immense responsibility superficially. As organizational leaders experience short-sighted tunnel vision and push for innovative artificially intelligent programs, they do not realize the potential severe dangers.

This paper argues for a graded approach to studying and implementing artificially intelligent machines in healthcare. Our …

High Times Or Hazy Horizons? Michigan’S Cannabis Market As A Rural Economic Development Tool, Jakob L. Bigard

PNHA Review

Since legalizing cannabis for adult use in 2018, Michigan’s (recreational) cannabis market has become the second largest in the nation. As the state’s market sees rapid maturity, it serves as a model for other states with ongoing legalization efforts. Michigan’s actions, and others like it, have begun to impact movement at the federal level, with multiple cannabis-related bills being introduced in Congress to President Biden signing the first standalone marijuana reform bill earlier this month. As Michigan’s cannabis market continues to mature and grow, it deserves attention from economists and academics alike. Using traditional economic development metrics, this paper evaluates …

From The Editor-In-Chief, Richard Jelier

PNHA Review

No abstract provided.

Director’S Message, Raymond J. Higbea

PNHA Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Pnha Review

PNHA Review

No abstract provided.

Differences In Mental Toughness Among Mixed Martial Artists And Physically Active Individuals, Savannah M. Calleja, Soleil Ramos, Victoria Potvin, Anthony A. Ricci, Gabriel J. Sanders, Corey A. Peacock

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a physiological and psychological demanding sport. While the majority of the literature conducted in MMA regards physiological health and risk of injury, researchers are beginning to assess the psychological profiles of MMA athletes. Previous studies have evaluated mental toughness (MT) within MMA; however, no study has examined MT in MMA athletes at the professional division. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the difference in mental toughness between professional MMA athletes and physically active individuals. Secondary aims are to evaluate potential variations in mental toughness within the professional level between champion and …

Adaptive, Complexity-Gated Prompt Optimization For Reducing Token Consumption In Large Language Model Agents, Saket Jain

Defensive Publications Series

A prompt pre-processing layer for large language model agents conditionally rewrites user prompts to reduce token consumption. For each prompt, a complexity score is computed from textual features such as the presence of file paths, the density of vague language, and the number of bundled tasks. The score is compared to a threshold: specific prompts are forwarded unchanged, while vague or multi-task prompts are transformed into a focused, scoped instruction before dispatch. Because rewriting is a low-cost text transformation gated on expected net savings, the system eliminates costly exploration and retry cycles for vague prompts without imposing any rewriting overhead …

Business Writing Performance And Instructional Practices Under English Medium Instruction: A Multisite Mixed-Methods Study Of Diploma Students In Saudi Arabia, Shaykhah Saeed Raffaa

UB Journal for Humanities

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 treats English Medium Instruction (EMI) as a central instrument in vocational colleges, on the assumption that delivering content in English develops the professional literacies, business writing among them, that the labour market demands. This study examined business writing performance and the instructional practices associated with it among diploma students in Marketing and Business Administration at five Saudi public applied colleges, using a convergent mixed-methods design that combined a writing performance task (N = 130), a perceptions and affective-beliefs questionnaire (N = 130), semi-structured instructor interviews (N = 18), and structured classroom observations (N = 10). Because …

Expression Of Follicle Stimulating And Luteinizing Hormone Receptors In Porcine Testes After Timing The First Vaccination For Immunocastration, Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul, Rungrueang Yodsheewan, Amornthep Archawakulathep, Suvaluk Seesupa, Kongkiat Srisuwatanasagul, Atthaporn Roongsitthichai, Siriluck Juntautsa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to examine the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the testes of male fattening pigs based on the timing of the first immunocastration dose. A total of 24 male pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups: C (n=8) consisted of only intact pigs, T1 (n=8) contained those immunocastrated at 15 and 19 weeks of age, and T2 (n=8) was composed of those immunocastrated at 9 and 19 weeks of age. The expression of FSHR and LHR was evaluated using H-score from immunohistochemistry and protein band intensity from Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry …

The Thank-All-Nearby Primitive: One-Tap Anonymous Gratitude Transfer To Everyone Nearby Over Bluetooth Low Energy Proximity, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a one-tap broadcast operation for anonymous peer-to-peer value transfer to every co-present, human-verified recipient within Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) proximity, optionally carrying money or time, in which each recipient receives a verifiable receipt and the sender receives no exportable record. The recipient set is resolved by physical co-presence rather than account lookup: devices advertise rotating, unlinkable proximity beacons, with ultra-wideband ranging and peer-to-peer nearby-connection APIs as optional substrates, and the platform learns only that two devices were in range, never absolute location. Components: (1) sender authentication by a per-action passkey signature, within a proof-of-humanity layer attesting a distinct …

Respiratory Biofeedback Coupled To Ai-Mediated Contemplative Guidance: A Wearable Closed-Loop Breathing Sensor With Adaptive Audio Meditation Guidance, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure specifies a closed-loop respiratory biofeedback system: a chest-worn wearable respiration sensor (respiratory inductance plethysmography, with inertial and acoustic alternatives) streams breathing rate, depth and rhythm, in privacy-preserving form, to an AI meditation-guidance agent, which returns adaptive audio guidance to the wearer in real time. The device also renders the breath visibly, as ambient light modulated to the breathing cycle, so the practitioner receives continuous external feedback and the guidance agent receives a live physiological signal rather than self-report.

Three aspects are disclosed as prior art: (I) the integrated closed loop — sensor, on-device processing, guidance agent grounded in …

Aura-Gated Anonymous Mate-Selection: Online Dating Matching Gated On A Verified Record Of Prosocial Giving, With Mutual Anonymous Opt-In, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify an online dating matching system in which discovery is gated on a reputation built from anonymous gratitude records instead of photographs, and a match fires only on mutual anonymous interest between users verified as real humans. The reputation (termed "aura") aggregates thank-you acknowledgments a user has received from many nearby verified strangers over a long period; no individual acknowledgment is read, and it changes only a user's ordering in a local anonymous pool, never anyone's obligation to respond. No photographs appear in discovery. The match trigger requires each of two users to independently and anonymously give time to …

Verified-Human Anonymous Local Gratitude Transfer: Proximity-Bounded Anonymous Peer-To-Peer Payment With Per-Action Proof Of Personhood, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify an anonymous peer-to-peer payment and tipping method in which one signed transaction binds three properties: per-action proof of personhood by user-verified FIDO2/WebAuthn signing on an attested platform authenticator, physical proximity attestation by Ultra-Wideband (UWB) or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ranging, and sender anonymity toward the recipient. The device-signed ranging transcript is placed inside the payload over which the WebAuthn assertion is computed, with a verifier-issued single-use nonce, so user verification and co-location are attested by one signature over one object.

Proximity requires one UWB ranging (IEEE 802.15.4z secure ranging where exposed) or two agreeing mechanisms among UWB, BLE …

The Time-Locked Gift Tag: Qr- And Nfc-Addressed Gift Labels With Scheduled Reveal Of The Message, The Sender And A Pledge Of Time, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a QR- or NFC-addressed physical gift label that replaces a handwritten gift tag with a scanned, time-locked reveal: the sender, recipient and message fields are each independently sealed and released at a chosen date or occasion. Scanned before that moment, a web page shows the structure of the gift (which sealed fields exist, with a countdown) but not their content; re-scanning the label at or after the moment unlocks the fields without an app install. Beside the message, the label carries a pledge of the giver's own time to the recipient, rendered as an offer of presence with …

Decided By No One: Publicly Verifiable Random Selection And Round-Robin Rotation From A Committed Roster And A Public Randomness Beacon, With A Time-Locked Sealed Regime, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure specifies a publicly verifiable random selection method for allocating turns and oversubscribed admissions. The output is a pure function of inputs committed before the seed can be known (a frozen roster, a salt and the algorithm version, bound into a hash commitment on an append-only, externally timestamped log) and of a seed taken from a named future round of a threshold public randomness beacon, so anyone holding the disclosed inputs can recompute the result.

Two forms share one keyed shuffle. The turn form deals every roster member exactly once per round in an unpredictable order, records an absence …

Provenance-Carrying Retrieval: Hash, Timestamp And Source Binding For Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) response format in which every document a retrieval server returns to a language model carries a provenance envelope binding the served text to a cryptographic hash of a named, fetchable source file, at least one timestamp independent of the server (an RFC 3161 time-stamp authority, an OpenTimestamps Bitcoin anchor, or a transparency log), and, where available, a persistent identifier (DOI). The envelope also carries a scope statement declaring what the hash covers relative to the served text (whole source, excerpt, or derived rendering), an explicit "no anchor" statement rather than silence when none exists, …

Subject-Released Attestation: A Market Design In Which The Operator Cannot Answer, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify subject-released attestation: a market where a third party pays to ask a binary question about a person, the person is paid for permitting it, and the record's operator sells only its vouching. The defining property is negative — the operator cannot structurally answer about a named person alone — making an institution's refusal to sell personal records a fact about the machinery, not a promise about its management. This paper contributes the market rules deciding what that inability sells, and to whom.

Five rules constitute it: (1) the two-good split — release and vouching separately owned, neither party …