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Image Annotation And Feature Engineering Via Structural Sparsity And Low Rank Approximation, Deguang Kong Jan 2013

Image Annotation And Feature Engineering Via Structural Sparsity And Low Rank Approximation, Deguang Kong

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Nowadays, in order to sense environment and understand human behaviors, data analysis plays a more and more important role to handle heterogeneous data ranging from different domains, e.g., image categorization/annotation, customer segmentation, traffic prediction, ad optimization, recommendation systems, privacy analysis, etc. The large amount of multivariate data raises the fundamental problem of data mining: how to discover meaningful compact patterns hidden in the high-dimensional noisy observations? One approach is to do dimension reduction, which finds the low-dimensional subspace and thus encodes data in a low-dimensional structure. The other approach is to do feature selection or feature engineering, which manipulates the …

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Sparse And Large-Scale Learning Models And Algorithms For Mining Heterogeneous Big Data, Xiao Cai Jan 2013

Sparse And Large-Scale Learning Models And Algorithms For Mining Heterogeneous Big Data, Xiao Cai

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

With the development of PC, internet as well as mobile devices, we are facing a data exploding era. On one hand, more and more features can be collected to describe the data, making the size of the data descriptor larger and larger. On the other hand, the number of data itself explodes and can be collected from multiple resources. When the data becomes large scale, the traditional data analysis method may fail, suffering the curse of dimensionality and etc. In order to explore and analyze the large-scale data more accurately and more efficiently, based on the characteristic of the data, …

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Perceptions Of Subversion: The Formation Of A Pop-Subculture, Kristofor R. Vogel Jan 2013

Perceptions Of Subversion: The Formation Of A Pop-Subculture, Kristofor R. Vogel

English Theses - Archive

This project seeks to examine the emerging cultural significance of the modern hipster and determine their contribution to the greater discourse of counter-cultural formations of subversion and identity. Hipsters are depicted as and expected to live life and form tastes using irony. They come to represent the insincerity and lack of authenticity of a group that builds its identity using material representations of previous generations. Their use of irony comes to shape how they interact with each other and with mainstream society, which surrounds them. Whether reinforcing sexism through the use of ironic rhetoric or questioning dominant culture, irony plays …

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Information Technology's Impact On The Space And Automobile Relationship: A Study Of The Link Between Internet Tech, Automobiles, And Residential Preferences, Steven Duong Jan 2013

Information Technology's Impact On The Space And Automobile Relationship: A Study Of The Link Between Internet Tech, Automobiles, And Residential Preferences, Steven Duong

Planning Theses - Archive

Many city planners, developers, real estate agents, and planning academics have been strong proponents of compact, mixed-use, New Urbanist developments. They point to the research that shows that younger generations will favor the revitalized mixed use, dense, urban downtown centers advocated by urbanists like Jane Jacobs and Richard Florida over newly developed, spacious, quiet suburbs In fact, recent research on ICT and driving suggests that the advent of the smart phone and ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) may be indeed influencing the lifestyle and preference of young adults, who rather than driving are substituting shopping, social, entertainment, and other trips with virtual …

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The Association Between Executive Functioning And Self-Regulation Strategies In Relation To The Protective Health Behaviors Of Physical Activity And Healthy Eating, Tamer Farouk Desouky Jan 2013

The Association Between Executive Functioning And Self-Regulation Strategies In Relation To The Protective Health Behaviors Of Physical Activity And Healthy Eating, Tamer Farouk Desouky

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

Protective health behavior influences health outcomes. Physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) are two important protective health behaviors that ward off many chronic diseases later in life. Nevertheless, these behaviors are seldom practiced. Executive functioning (EF) has been used as another predictor of health behavior. However, there is an inconsistency in using EF, especially with similar measures that assess self-regulation (SR). In this paper, it will be argued that EF and SR share many similarities with subtle differences. The primary question of this study was to consequently answer whether EF has predictive validity to physical activity and healthy eating. …

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Thermo-Mechanical Analysis Of Nano-Imprint Lithography, Bhavik C. Patel Jan 2013

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis Of Nano-Imprint Lithography, Bhavik C. Patel

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Nanoimprint Lithography is being explored by the semiconductor industries for future high volume fabrication of silicon chips, memory devices and patterned media. Nanolithography and Microlithography has played pivotal role in the field of manufacturing microchips and integrated circuits in semiconductor devices. There is an urge to investigate Nanoimprint lithography, a high-throughput, low-cost and nonconventional lithographic method. Thermal management is a critical area that is necessary to be administrated. As recent advancements are being observed in the field of electronic packaging for thermal optimization, likewise steps are also important in this fabrication process. This process involves a heat that is generated …

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Compressibility Effects On The Non-Linear Receptivity Of Boundary Layers To Dielectric Barrier Discharges, Marie F.C. Denison Jan 2013

Compressibility Effects On The Non-Linear Receptivity Of Boundary Layers To Dielectric Barrier Discharges, Marie F.C. Denison

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The reduction of drag and aerodynamic heating caused by boundary layer transition is of central interest for the development of hypersonic vehicles. Receptivity to flow perturbation in the form of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wave growth often determines the first stage of the transition process, which can be delayed by depositing specific excitations into the boundary layer. Weakly ionized Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) actuators are being investigated as possible sources of such excitations, but little is known today about their interaction with high-speed flows. In this framework, the first part of the thesis is dedicated to a receptivity study of laminar compressible …

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Rotordynamic Performance Of A Rotor Supported By Three Pad Hybird Foil Bearings With Controlled Air Injection, Sandesh Gudemane Jan 2013

Rotordynamic Performance Of A Rotor Supported By Three Pad Hybird Foil Bearings With Controlled Air Injection, Sandesh Gudemane

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Air Foil Bearings have found their place in the commercial applications of turbo machinery. They are cleaner and more reliable at high speeds than their conventional counterparts (Rolling Element Bearings). Low drag friction and apparently no contact during the operation results in a better service life and superior rotor-dynamic performance of the air foil bearings (AFBs). With these advantages AFB has proved to be a suitable option for oil-free turbo-machinery. Further development in AFBs suggest that pressurizing these bearings externally results in remarkably better load carrying capacity, heat dissipation and a more stable rotor. These externally air pressurized bearings which …

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First Principles Study Of Properties Of The Oxidized Cu(100) And Cu(110), Antoine Yongonga Olenga Jan 2013

First Principles Study Of Properties Of The Oxidized Cu(100) And Cu(110), Antoine Yongonga Olenga

Physics Theses - Archive

Copper based catalysts are of importance to a number of industrial processes including the synthesis of methanol, the reduction and decomposition of nitrogen oxides, and treatment of waste water. In copper catalysis surface oxidation and oxidic overlayers are believed to play a crucial role. In this work using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) we have studied the stability and associated electronic properties of the oxidized Cu(100) and Cu(110) surfaces. Especially, we have focused on studies of changes in the interlayer spacing, electron work function, binding energy, and density of states with oxygen coverage. We have …

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Examining The Effects Of Health Behaviors And Emotions On Medical Care Seeking And Avoidant Behaviors In Older Adults, Hollie Beth Pellosmaa Jan 2013

Examining The Effects Of Health Behaviors And Emotions On Medical Care Seeking And Avoidant Behaviors In Older Adults, Hollie Beth Pellosmaa

Psychology Theses - Archive

There has been a dearth of information that explains how an individual's emotional reactions to their illness symptoms affects their care seeking behaviors. The overall aims of this study were to elucidate the emotional and behavioral predictors for care seeking in older adults, and describe the reasons that they choose not to seek care. Cross-sectional data from a larger, longitudinal study with older adults were analyzed. Participants (N = 267, mean age=72 years) living in a retirement community in a northeastern state were interviewed. Differences were found in health behaviors between care seekers and non-care seekers; care seekers were positively …

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Masticatory Performance In Those With Temporomandibular Joint And Muscle Disorder, Celeste Noelle Sanders Jan 2013

Masticatory Performance In Those With Temporomandibular Joint And Muscle Disorder, Celeste Noelle Sanders

Psychology Theses - Archive

Tempormandibular Joint and Muscle Disorder (TMJMD) occurs when dysfunction arises in the joints and muscles associated with the functionality of the jaw. Apart from many other complications, one of the problems that TMJMD patients face is difficulty in masticatory performance (i.e., chewing). A population of acute TMJMD patients (N = 408) participating in an early intervention treatment program was randomized into three intervention groups: a high-risk biobehavioral group, a high-risk self-care group; and a low-risk non-intervention group. These individuals were assessed for the purposes of elucidating predictors of masticatory performance and investigating the effectiveness of a biobehavioral intervention with individuals …

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Resurrecting Old Pattonia: Uncovering The Lifeways Of A 19th Century Shipping Port Community, Zachary M. Overfield Jan 2013

Resurrecting Old Pattonia: Uncovering The Lifeways Of A 19th Century Shipping Port Community, Zachary M. Overfield

Sociology & Anthropology Theses - Archive

An East Texas steamboat landing community, known as Pattonia, operated from 1843 to the late 19th century. Here I attempt to identify what socioeconomic stratification and consumerism on the landscape meant for the daily lives of Pattonia's past occupants. In order to address this question, I interpret the architectural features that once stood at Pattonia and their spatial organization. Additionally, I conduct a ceramic analysis of two household assemblages with unknown occupants in order to determine their relative socioeconomic status and reconstruct the social landscape of Pattonia. These methods enable a greater understanding of the unique historical and social significance …

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Couchsurfing In North Texas: A Localized View Of A Global Phenomenon, Rory L. Bradbury Jan 2013

Couchsurfing In North Texas: A Localized View Of A Global Phenomenon, Rory L. Bradbury

Sociology & Anthropology Theses - Archive

The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory research project to discover issues and problems faced by people who are a part of Hospitality Exchange Networks. This research focuses on the largest free travel based network, CouchSurfing.org, which currently has over 5 million members. Mixed methods were used to gather the data. The main source of data was taken qualitatively when the researcher conducted nineteen in-depth interviews with couchsurfers who had varying degrees of experience in this community. Ethnographic techniques were also used during field work, which included "surfing" five times and going to numerous local couchsurfing events …

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Gendered Cues In Job Advertising: Perpetuating Occupational Segregation, Stephanie Mastromoro Jan 2013

Gendered Cues In Job Advertising: Perpetuating Occupational Segregation, Stephanie Mastromoro

Sociology & Anthropology Theses - Archive

Current approaches within literature inadequately explain the presence and persistence of occupational sex segregation. In addition, little research empirically examines allocation methods as a key contributor to this phenomenon. I consider the role that allocation methods, such as job recruitment and advertisement, play in maintaining occupational sex segregation. Specifically, I examine the gendered nature of language used within job advertisements and how this acts as a filter for job applicants. The literature review outlines material concerning occupational segregation, gendered language, and gender cues in job ads. I reveal gaps in this literature in order to solidify the need for more …

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Mexico's Break Up: Mexico City's Misconceptions And Mismanagement Of Its Peripheries: Central America And Texas, 1821-1836, Kyle Carpenter Jan 2013

Mexico's Break Up: Mexico City's Misconceptions And Mismanagement Of Its Peripheries: Central America And Texas, 1821-1836, Kyle Carpenter

History Theses - Archive

In 1822, Mexico's boundaries held the territories of what is now Central America and Texas. Just after independence from Spain, it seemed Mexico would emerge as a powerful nation to challenge the United States in North America due to Mexico's vast lands and mineral wealth. That did not transpire. Political struggle in Mexico City and challenges from its peripheries undermined Mexico's political and economic stability. Central Americans chose to detach from Mexico in 1823 due to ideological differences based on colonial traditions, differences in the ethnic makeup of the populations of Central America and the Mexican plateau, and a shift …

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The Reintegration Experiences Of Ex-Child Soldiers In Liberia, Gracie E. Brownell Jan 2013

The Reintegration Experiences Of Ex-Child Soldiers In Liberia, Gracie E. Brownell

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

Previous researchers have reported the lasting effects of child soldiering and the difficulties that ex-child soldiers experience as they transition to civilian living. The primary purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding about the reintegration experiences and meaning of reintegration as perceived by ex-child soldiers located in or near Monrovia, the capital city of Liberia. Furthermore, this study explores participants' expectations, perceptions of the reintegration process as well as contributing factors and obstacles to reintegration that helped shaped their reintegration experience within the context of Liberia. A phenomenological research design was used to study the reintegration experiences …

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Systemic Components Of Care That Affect Self-Sufficiency For Youth Transitioning Out Of Foster Care, Amy M. Strong-Blakeney Jan 2013

Systemic Components Of Care That Affect Self-Sufficiency For Youth Transitioning Out Of Foster Care, Amy M. Strong-Blakeney

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

Although research indicates that former foster youth fare poorly in a number of domains of self-sufficiency upon leaving care, it is unclear whether their poor outcomes are related to systemic components of care. The purpose of this study was to examine the systemic components of foster care that either promote or inhibit self-sufficiency in foster youth once they transition from care through the lens of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. Using data gathered from both Child Protective Services and Transitional Resource Action Center's databases, the study described in this dissertation explored factors of care that most influence former foster youth's self-sufficiency. Results …

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Ecological Correlates Associated With The Academic Achievement Of African American Youth, Latoya Leshea Smith Jan 2013

Ecological Correlates Associated With The Academic Achievement Of African American Youth, Latoya Leshea Smith

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

There has long been an achievement gap between African American youth and their European counterparts. This phenomenon has constantly been studied and continues to be a concern in not only the education arena, but also the social work field. The current study was conducted using The Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The Ecological Systems Theory was used in order to guide the current study in order to determine which factors are correlated with the high academic achievement of African American youth. The overall purpose of the proposed study was to analyze ecological correlates that contribute to academic achievement among African …

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Geography Of Disability. An Analysis Based On The Socioeconomic Levels Of Two Metropolitan Areas: Monterrey, Nuevo Leon And Dallas, Texas, Silviya Pavlova Nikolova Jan 2013

Geography Of Disability. An Analysis Based On The Socioeconomic Levels Of Two Metropolitan Areas: Monterrey, Nuevo Leon And Dallas, Texas, Silviya Pavlova Nikolova

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

This doctoral project investigated the performance of disability within two different political, cultural, and socioeconomic environments. Data were analyzed from decennial census data from Mexico (2010) and the U.S. (2000) that included a measure of disability prevalence and the activities on which disability status is assessed. In Chapter 1, the relevance of the study to the understanding of disability as a context-related matter was explained. Comparative statistics and scholarly reports on disability have been used to discuss the existing discrepancies between disability trends in developing and developed countries. An emphasis for a construction of multifactorial comparative model for disability research …

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Bulimia Nervosa And Substance Use Disorders: Comorbidity And Treatment, Kara Cunningham Jan 2013

Bulimia Nervosa And Substance Use Disorders: Comorbidity And Treatment, Kara Cunningham

Social Work Theses - Archive

This paper will demonstrate the connection in the professional literature that individuals who suffer from bulimia nervosa also have a high chance of suffering from a substance use disorder. Although, the literature supports this comorbidity issue, there is a lack of research on the treatment of both disorders simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to determine if clinical professionals are screening for substance use disorders among their clients who are being treated for eating disorders. The primary questions for this research project are: 1) What portion of eating disorder professionals recognize substance use disorders when treating clients who are …

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A Novel Method Utilizing Approach-Avoidance To Assess The Aversive Nature Of Pain, Amber Lee Ann Harris Bozer Jan 2013

A Novel Method Utilizing Approach-Avoidance To Assess The Aversive Nature Of Pain, Amber Lee Ann Harris Bozer

Psychology Theses - Archive

Pain is a multidimensional experience that involves sensory, emotional/affective, and evaluative components, yet preclinical pain research has mainly focused on testing the sensory dimension. Those suffering from pain may be confronted with complex emotional conflicts on a daily basis in which they are presented with the dilemma of choosing to satiate other motivational drives or attend to their pain. Preclinical assessments focusing on sensory mechanisms and measurements may be lacking in predictive validity for treating pain populations. Some paradigms to test the affective nature of pain in laboratory rodents have been validated, yet they focus on escape from pain. Organisms …

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Individual Human Capital And Performance: An Empirical Study In Thailand, Pakorn Sujchaphong Jan 2013

Individual Human Capital And Performance: An Empirical Study In Thailand, Pakorn Sujchaphong

Business Administration Dissertations - Archive

According to the resource-based view of the firm, human capital is a source of sustained competitive advantage of the firm (McMahan, Virick, & Wright, 1999; Wright & McMahan, 1992; Wright, McMahan, & McWilliams, 1994; Wright & McMahan, 2011). Based on micro-foundations, it is essential that one must begin with and understand the individuals that make up the organization before exploring it at the organizational level (Felin & Foss, 2005; Wright & McMahan, 2011). Hence, this study focuses on the individual level of human capital. The first research question of this study is "How does human capital affect the performance of …

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Genetic Engineering Of Proteins For Biotechnology Applications, Yanbo Zhang Jan 2013

Genetic Engineering Of Proteins For Biotechnology Applications, Yanbo Zhang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Heme b (protoporphyrin IX or protoheme) plays a major role in the structure and function in proteins such as myoglobin (Mb), hemoglobin (Hb), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), catalase, cytochrome P450 as well as catalase peroxidase (KatG). This highly conjugated porphyrin system forms the cradle for the iron containing prosthetic group of the hemeproteins. Although the surrounding chiral protein scaffold is important in protein reactivity and selectivity, the heme iron prosthetic group creates a focal point for the substrate reactivity.The genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAA) into proteins in vivo, using the same biosynthetic machinery used by living cells to synthesize …

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Characterization Of Flavonoid Reactivities And Degradation Products Using Online Continuous Flow Kinetic Measurements And Higher Order Mass Spectrometry, Jeremy S. Barnes Jan 2013

Characterization Of Flavonoid Reactivities And Degradation Products Using Online Continuous Flow Kinetic Measurements And Higher Order Mass Spectrometry, Jeremy S. Barnes

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Epidemiological studies offer strong evidence that diets rich in fruits and vegetables provide a defense against cardiovascular disease, cancer and other physiological disorders. One theory suggests that these hazards are due in part to an imbalance of the body's oxidative load, caused by an increase in biologically-relevant free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flavonoids, a family of plant metabolites, are associated with an antioxidant capacity which could reduce oxidative stress and aging. Quercetin, a flavonol with one of the highest rated antioxidant characteristic, was used as a model system to evaluate the reactivity of flavonoids in the presence …

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Studies Towards The Total Synthesis Of Haploscleridamine And Ceratinadin B, Xiaofeng Meng Jan 2013

Studies Towards The Total Synthesis Of Haploscleridamine And Ceratinadin B, Xiaofeng Meng

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

In Chapter 1, we discuss the synthesis of haploscleridamine. Haploscleridamine is a novel tryptamine-derived alkaloid isolated from a sponge of the order Haplosclerida. This alkaloid inhibits cathepsin K, a cysteine protease, which is involved in the catabolism of elastin, collagen, and gelatin allowing the breakdown of bone and cartilage. Cathepsin K "blockers" show great potential in the treatment of osteoporosis. Building off earlier studies, we adopted a novel application of the Buchwald indole synthesis instead of a traditional Fischer indole synthesis to construct the â-carboline fragment. Starting from L-histidine, after several steps including a ring closing metathesis, a cyclohexanone was …

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Crystalline Sico: Implication On Structure And Thermochemistry Of Ternary Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramics, Nelli Bodiford Jan 2013

Crystalline Sico: Implication On Structure And Thermochemistry Of Ternary Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramics, Nelli Bodiford

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

The need for innovative refractory materials - materials that can sustain extreme temperatures - has been constantly growing within the modern industries. Basic requirements for usage at ultra-high-temperatures have been considered such as high melting point, high structural strength, exceptional resistance to oxidation, zero or almost zero creep. Monolithic ceramics alone cannot provide these properties, therefore, composite materials are sought to fulfill the demand. For example, silicon nitride and silicon carbide based ceramics have long been leading contenders for structural use in gas turbine engines. In the course of this work we are investigating amorphous SiCO formed via polymer-to-ceramic route. …

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A Non-Heme Diiron Monooxygenase From Salmonella Typhimurium: Biochemical Characterization Of Trna-Modifying Miae, Siai Zhang Jan 2013

A Non-Heme Diiron Monooxygenase From Salmonella Typhimurium: Biochemical Characterization Of Trna-Modifying Miae, Siai Zhang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

MiaE is a carboxylate bridged, non-heme diiron monooxygenase which catalyzes the O2-dependent hydroxylation of a hypermodified tRNA nucleoside at position 37 (2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine (37)-tRNA) [designated ms²i⁶A₃₇] to produce ms²i⁶A₃₇. In Salmonella typhimurium, synthesis of ms²i⁶A₃₇ requires a multi-step enzyme-catalyzed process that includes two other enzymes, MiaA and MiaB. Therefore, to study the hydroxylation step in this reaction pathway, all the elements within this reaction pathway (tRNA substrate, MiaA, MiaB, and MiaE) are required. In this work, methods for in vitro tRNA synthesis were developed for the biosynthesis of viable MiaA/MiaB/MiaE substrates. Additionally, the enzymes MiaA and MiaB were recombinantly cloned, …

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Evaluation Of Surface Transportation Funding Alternatives Using Criteria System Established Through A Delphi Survey Of Texas Transportation Experts, Sasanka Bhushan Pulipati Jan 2013

Evaluation Of Surface Transportation Funding Alternatives Using Criteria System Established Through A Delphi Survey Of Texas Transportation Experts, Sasanka Bhushan Pulipati

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

For more than a decade, transportation officials have been concerned that, at current levels, the fuel tax, the primary funding source of surface transportation in the United States, would not provide enough revenue to satisfy the ever rising transportation needs. Recent studies have evaluated alternative funding strategies at the national and state levels. In this dissertation, the author improves this evaluation procedure by developing a multi-criteria evaluation of different funding options for implementation in Texas using a technique called PROMETHEE. This evaluation uses a new criteria system established through his Delphi survey of Texas-based experts who are experienced in transportation …

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A Study Of Ecological And Physiological Roles Of The Termite Associated Verrucomicrobium (Tav) Strains Through A System Biology Approach, Jantiya Isanapong Jan 2013

A Study Of Ecological And Physiological Roles Of The Termite Associated Verrucomicrobium (Tav) Strains Through A System Biology Approach, Jantiya Isanapong

Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive

Termite hindguts are populated by a dense and diverse community of microbial symbionts working in concert to transform lignocellulosic plant material and derived residues into acetate, to recycle and fix nitrogen, and to remove oxygen. Although much has been learned about the breadth of microbial diversity in the hindgut, the ecophysiological roles of its members is less understood. In this study, we present new information about the ecophysiology of microorganism Diplosphaera colotermitum strain TAV2, an autochthonous member of the Reticulitermes flavipes gut community. An integrated high-throughput approach was used to determine the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of cells grown under …

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Timing, Provenance, And Paleoclimate Implications Of The Cenozoic Eolian Deposition In The Central Rocky Mountains, Usa, Jillian Rowley Jan 2013

Timing, Provenance, And Paleoclimate Implications Of The Cenozoic Eolian Deposition In The Central Rocky Mountains, Usa, Jillian Rowley

Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive

This study applies detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and sandstone petrography to constrain the timing and provenance of Cenozoic eolian sandstone in the central Rocky Mountains. Four samples, collected at the transition to eolian deposition along a west-east transect, have maximum depositional ages of 35.9±0.7 Ma, 35.4±2.0 Ma, 33±0.9 Ma, and 30±1.0 Ma, suggesting the transition initiated during the latest Eocene-earliest Oligocene and became younger eastward. A total of 766 zircon grains consist of a 17-44 Ma population, derived from the distal ignimbrite flare-up in western and southwestern North America, and a population older than 45 Ma, recycled from local Laramide …

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