Digital Commons Network^™

Wrongful Defeat: The 1934 Florida Senatorial Democratic Primary Between Claude Pepper And Park Trammell, John M. Brackett

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1934, the state of Florida faced a midterm election in which one of its two U.S. senators came up for reelection. The campaign began with five candidates, but Claude Pepper and incumbent Park Trammell stood out as the most viable contenders to win the Democratic nomination. As in other southern states, the Democratic Party dominated Florida's elections, and the winner of the party primary won the office. As the campaign between Pepper and Trammell progressed, it became a bitter fight marred by widespread smear tactics. When neither candidate won a majority in the June 5 primary, Pepper and Trammell …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Piker, Okfuskee: A Creek Town in Colonial America, by Michael D. Green; Hahn, The Invention of the Creek Nation, 1670-1763, by James Taylor Carson; Morris, Florida's Lost Tribes, by Francis X. Luca; Armitage and Braddick, eds., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800, by Jonathan Eacott; Hyde, ed., A Fierce and Fractious Frontier: The Curious Development of Louisiana's Florida Parishes, 1699-2000, by Timothy R. Buckner; Meltzer, Hunted Like a Wolf: The Story of the Seminole War, by Samuel Watson; Billingsley, Communities of Kinship: Antebellum Families and the Settlement of the Cotton Frontier, by Daniel Kilbride; Pace, Halls of Honor: College Men in …

The Sporting Set Winters In Florida: Fertile Ground For The Leisure Revolution, 1870-1930, Larry R. Youngs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Maurice Fatio made his first visit to Palm Beach, Florida, at the height of the social season in February 1923. The young Swiss architect planned on trolling for business among the resort's elite guests, hoping to supplement his New York City firm's clientele. The pace and nature of the Palm Beach scene, however, caught him by surprise. In a letter to his parents written on the fourth day of his visit, he exclaimed, "I have never led a more intense life." Describing a typical day, he explained that "one gets up at 10 o'clock to play tennis; at noon one …

The St. Augustine Hurricane Of 1811: Disaster And The Question Of Political Unrest On The Florida Frontier, Sherry Johnson

Florida Historical Quarterly

"On the 5th of October a violent hurricane hit this city, It caused terrible damage to the houses in town....The destruction is so great that these poor people are entirely ruined."1 So wrote Spanish East Florida's interim governor Juan Jose de Estrada on December 5, 1811. The hurricane could not have occurred at a more inopportune time. During the previous three years, Spain had suffered an unprecedented series of catastrophes. In 1808, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the country, usurped the monarchy, and placed his brother Josef on the throne, thus creating a crisis of legitimacy throughout the Spanish empire. Political confusion …

Historic Notes And Documents: Philadelphia Foundations Of The Wm. G. Porter Company Of Apalachicola, Judith Y. Robertson

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the 1830s, the Florida Panhandle was an American frontier and recently discovered documents show that Philadelphians played a significant role in opening the territory. Found in the attic of a family home is correspondence that evolved over almost half a century, including thirty productive years of the William G. Porter Company, established and operated in Apalachicola by the Porter, Ruan, and Benezet families of Pennsylvania and Florida. The correspondence, touching not only on business and economics but on personal matters like family, courtship, education, travel, nature, politics, and even weather, relates much as to how commerce bound Philadelphia to …

The Koreshan Communitarians' Papers And Publications In Edtero, 1894-1963, Irvin D.S. Winsboro

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Koreshan Unity settlement in Estero is one of Florida's most interesting yet largely under-researched chapters of history. Organized by the mystical Cyrus Teed, the Koreshans created at the turn of the twentieth century one of Florida's few self-sustaining communal societies. The original Koreshans are gone now, but their heritage lives on in the form of the Koreshan State Historic Site in Estero, reminding over fifty thousand annual visitors of one of Florida's unique historical episodes. In particular, the Koreshans' leading economic enterprises-their publishing ventures-reflected the crux of the Koreshan experience in Florida. Their extant literature and disparate archived documents …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Weitzel, Journeys with Florida' Indians, by Michelle Ruth Davis; Hudson, Conversations with the High Priest of Coosa, by Greg O'Brien; Delfino and Gillespie, eds., Neither Lady Nor Slave: Working Women of the Old South, by Merline Pitre; Berlin, Generations of Captivity: A History of African Americaan Slaves, by Andrew McMichael; Rothman, Notorious in the Neighborhood: Sex and Families across the Color Line in Virginia, 1787-1861, by Patrick O'Neil; Schwartz, Baptist Faith in Action: The Private Writings of Maria Baker Taylor, 1813-1895, by Keith Huneycutt; Krick, Staff Officers in Gray: A Biographical Register of the Staff Officers in the Army of …

Economic Boom Or Political Boondoggle? Florida's Atlantic Gulf Ship Canal In The 1930s, Michael David Tegeder

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the 1930s, the federal government began construction on one of the grandest public works projects in Florida. More than twice the length of the Suez and four times larger than the Panama Canal, the Atlantic Gulf Ship Canal was "perhaps the most opulent single symbol of the New Deal."1 Yet, despite the labor and massive expenditures on the part of state and federal officials, the project ended within a year of its groundbreaking. Plagued by political controversy from start to finish, the Ship Canal can be seen as a dress-rehearsal for the decades-long debate over the Cross-Florida Barge Canal …

Get The Facts - And Then Act": How Marjorie H. Carr And Florida Defenders Of The Enviornment Fought To Save The Ocklawaha River, Frederick R. Davis

Florida Historical Quarterly

Self described as a "Micanopy housewife," Marjorie Harris Carr seemed an unlikely candidate to develop and lead a successful grassroots campaign to save the Ocklawaha River and the wilderness surrounding it against the Army Corps of Engineers' federally mandated Cross-Florida Barge Canal. In spearheading the "Fight to Save the Ocklawaha," Carr revealed an innate sense of how to present environmental science to the public, the media, and legislators in a way that swayed opinion.

Introduction, Sherry Johnson

Florida Historical Quarterly

Originally presented at the Third Biennial Allen Morris Conference in February 2004, the articles in this special issue of the Florida Historical Quarterly examine the history of three related riverine environments in north central Florida--the St. Johns River, the Ocklawaha River, and the Withlacoochee River basinss-from the mid-nineteenth century through the 1990s.1 The conference panel was designed to demonstrate how exploiting the rivers furthered modern ideas, promoted progress, and created economic prosperity. All three studies also sought to show how modernization had the potential to wreak havoc on a unique, fragile, and irreplaceable ecosystem. Collectively, these essays examine how the …

Miami's Hidden Labor History, Thomas A. Castillo

Florida Historical Quarterly

As historian Michael Kazin argued in highlighting the scarcity of historical studies about the building trades, labor historians' concentration on centralized, mass production industries such as auto, steel, and electrical manufacturing has left out "one of humankind's oldest pursuits . . . essential to urban life and the single largest element of the AFL in its heyday. Until we know more about their history," he wrote, "that of American workers as a whole will suffer." The observation partially explains why, although literature on organized labor is vast, scholars have conducted few studies of unionism in the building trades, and none …

Historic Notes And Documents: "Everything Is Hubbub Here": Lt. James Willoughby Anderson's Second Seminole War, 1837-1842, James M. Denham

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the Second Seminole War drew to a close in the spring of 1842, Lieutenant James Willoughby Anderson prepared to leave territorial Florida for a post in the Old Northwest. Pondering his experiences and life changes since entering the territory in 1837, Anderson would have looked back on many significant accomplishments. He had helped produce an important topographical map, accumulated distinguished service commendations, and made important professional relationships certain to advance his military career.1 But most of all, Anderson would have thought of the important personal relationships forged during his four years of service in Florida: his courtship and marriage …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Gordon, Florida's Colonial Architectual Heritage, by Charles W. Arnade; Purcell, War Sacfice and Memory in Revolutionary America, by Susan J. Oldfather; Chavez, Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift, by J. Barton Starr; Krawczynski, William Henry Drayton: South Carolina Revolutionary Patriot, by Thomas J. Little; Baptist, Creating an Old South: Middle Florida's Plantation Frontier before the Civil War, by James M. Denham; Garrison, The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary ad the Sovereignty of Native American Nations, by Ronald N. Satz; Smith, Listening to Nineteenth-Century America, by Matthew Schoenbachler; Rodrigue, Reconstruction in the Cane Fields: …

Historic Notes And Documents: The Mix Diaries, Gayle Penner

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the evening of March 22, 1836, Capt. Mervine P. Mix, U.S.N., brought the USS Concord to anchor in Key West harbor. The island was a good place to repair several damaged sails and to rest after the long voyage from the Portsmouth Navy Yard in New Hampshire. The Concord, 127 feet long with a 17-foot draft and mounting 18 guns, was one of the navy's finest sloops-of-war. Under its first commander, Matthew C. Perry, the Concord traveled some 2,800 miles, visiting ports in Russia, France, Spain, Italy, and the Greek Islands. With Mix in command, the ship sailed from …

Who Pays For Progress? Accident Law In Florida, 1845-1886, James L. Hunt

Florida Historical Quarterly

Few residents of twenty-first-century Florida are unfamiliar with the notion of legal liability for accidental injuries. The image of the "ambulance chasing" attorney, the call for "tort reform," and a recurring medical malpractice insurance "crisis" are well-known to the casual observer of affairs. In fact, much of the modern business of Florida trial courts concerns automobile accidents, injuries from products, and professional malpractice. In 2000-2001, approximately 35,000 such cases were filed in the state's circuit courts, roughly 23 percent of all civil cases. About 2,000 involved professional malpractice, 4,600 products liability, and 17,000 automobile accidents.1 Despite its current prominence, legal …

The World Was There: A Photographic History Of Cape Canaveral's Launch Complex 14, Lori C. Walters

Florida Historical Quarterly

"The Cape": for those old enough to recall the suspense of John Glenn's fireball reentry aboard Friendship 7, the name evokes the image of an inseparable triad-billowing rockets, towering gantries, and silvery astronauts. It was here along the eastern coast of Florida that the United States established its most noted launch facility at Cape Canaveral. Although missiles arose from the desert at White Sands and Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, it was the Cape that held the imagination of the nation captive. Cape Canaveral, with its bright orange gantries lining sundrenched shores, was from where America's astronaut heroes engaged …

Fernandina Filibuster Fiasco: Birth Of The 1895 Cuban War Of Independence, Antonio Rafael De La Cova

Florida Historical Quarterly

In early January 1895, Cuban exile leader Jose Marti completed preparations in the United States and the Caribbean to ignite a revolt against Spanish colonial despotism in his homeland. Three vessels were chartered in New York and Boston to retrieve hundreds of weapons from a warehouse in Fernandina Beach, Florida, and board contingents of Cuban revolutionaries in Key West, the Dominican Republic, and Costa Rica to disembark on the island in conjunction with nationwide internal uprisings. During the previous forty-five years, Cuban patriots had been launching dozens of similar military filibuster expeditions from the United States, which the federal government …

1980s Farm Crisis, Dean Schmit

Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022

This presentation examines gendered differences in how Minnesotan farmers attempted to maintain control over their lives during the 1980s farm crisis. Although left-wing activism, rightwing activism, religion, and suicide may seem like disparate responses, they all came from the same impulse to maintain control. These responses were highly influenced by community values, particularly the ideas that hard work would be rewarded and men should not show their emotions. Religion offered a sense of community and solace to farmers; activism – although a relatively rare response – offered solutions; and suicide offered an escape. Women found more comfort in religion than …

Sunbelt Dreams And Altered States: A Social And Cultural History Of Florida, 1950-2000, Gary R. Mormino

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida's Big Bang represents an astonishing and complex story, a state swelling from 2.7 million inhabitannts in 1950 to 16 million only fifty years later. Demographically, Florida's tranformation is nothing short of revolutionary. On the eve of World War II Florida's population of l.9 million ranked twenty-seventh nationally and last in the South, trailing even lowly South Carolina and Arkansas. America's twentieth most populous state in 1950, Florida has vaulted to America's fourth largest in 2000, and stands poised to overtake New York. Like shifting tectonic plates, the post-World War II decade witnessed one of the great population shift in …

Forgotten Sacrifice: Native American Involvement In The Construction Of The Castillo De San Marcos, Jason B. Palmer

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the past, historians have been quick to praise the remarkable hardships endured by Spanish soldiers and colonists in the construction of the Castillo de San Marcos.1 Their pay, food, and other supplies were siphoned off to help complete the construction. But seemingly lost in discussions of deprivation and hardship are the Native Americans who lived in the Spanish colony of La Florida. Apalachees, Timucuans, and Guales toiled for over twenty-four years under grueling condition to construct the first European-style stone fortress on North America's east coast.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Taylor, The Florida Lighthouse Trail, by Kevin McCarthy; Hurley, Lighthouses of Egmont Key, by Thomas W. Taylor; Marquardt, ed., The Archaeology of Useppa Island, by Arlene Fradkin; Smith, Coosa: The Rise and Fall of a Southeastern Mississippian Chiefdom, by Kathryn H. Braund; McGrath, The French in Early Florida: In the Eye of the Hurricane, by J.R. McNeill; Rabasa, Writing Violence on the Northern Frontier: The Historiography of Sixteenth-Century New Mexico and Florida and the Legacy of Conquest, by Lance R. Blyth; Kulikoff, From British Peasants to Colonial American Farmers, by Edward G. Gray; Read, Power Versus Liberty: Madison, Hamilton, Wilson, …

Jacksonville's Consolidation Mayor: Hans G. Tanzler Jr., James B. Crooks

Florida Historical Quarterly

Jacksonville's consolidation with Duval County on October 1, 1968, marked a major turning point in the history of this northeastern Florida coastal city. Prior to this event, Jacksonville and the surrounding Duval County struggled with a variety of problems. Despite rapid growth in the metro area, the city lost population, endured racial conflict, and suffered substantial environmental pollution. While other Southern cities faced many of the same problems, the glamour that soon shone upon the Sunbelt seemed to elude this city on the St. Johns River. Partly it was comparative. Other Florida cities-Miami, Tampa-St. Petersburg and Orlando-had begun to achieve …

Plumb Lines, Politics, And Projections: The Florida Everglades And The Wright Report Controversy, Aaron D. Purcell

Florida Historical Quarterly

The drainage of the Florida Everglades haw been a highly debated issue since the mid-nineteenth century. In the 1840s, the United State Congress and the state of Florida passed legislation that encouraged reclamation.1 Nothing came from that effort, but during the next decade Congress began transferring Everglades land to the state of Florida, stipulating that all earnings made from the lands be reinvested in their reclamation.2 To manage the development of these lands, in 1855, the state created an Internal Improvement Fund and appointed trustees who oversaw projects that the Sunshine State hoped would attract people, capital, and agricultural developers. …

Historic Notes And Documents: The Spanish Dedication Tablets From San Marcos De Apalache, Ryan J. Wheeler

Florida Historical Quarterly

Several scholars have offered information and opinions on the date of construction of the Spanish stone fort and stone watchtower at San Marcos de Apalache.1 Two Spanish dedication tablets from the fort, presently in the collection of the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum, Palm Bach, have been cited in these attempts at temporal assignment, but there has been no scholarly attempt to doument the tablets or translate inscriptions on them.2 This essay presents information on the tablets, a transcription of the engraved tablet, comparison with similar architectural features, and some thoughts on the dating of the tablets and their bearing on …

Fort Denaud: Logistics Hub Of The Third Seminole War, Jay Jennings

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the least known and seldom chronicled military events in American history in the three-year conflict known as the Third Seminole War. Also labeled the Billy Bowlegs War, this final uprising of the Seminole tribe occurred in South Florida between 1855 and 1858. Few of the military outposts established during the war remain; the enduring legacy of most is a roadside marker or street sign. Thirty miles east of Fort Myers-one of the placenames that lives on-is a small swing-span bridge memorializing Fort Denaud, beside which is a plaque marking the spot of a forgotten military installation that played …

The Challenger Disaster, Fiona Rainwater

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Textual or Investigative

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Lander, Black Society in Spanish Florida, by Virginia Gould; Mann, Art in Florida, 1564-1945, by Valerie Anne Leeds; McCarthy, Native Americans in Florida, by Patricia Wickman; Bense, ed., Archaeology of Colonial Pensacola, by Paul E. Hoffman; Klein, The Atlantic Slave Trade, by Adonijah Bakali; Saunt, A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733-1816, by Greg O'Brien; Weddle, Wilderness Manhunt: The Spanish Search for La Salle, Foter, ed., The La Salle Expedition to Texas: The Journal of Henri Joutel, 1684-1687, by Julianna Barr; Leibiger, Founding Friendship: George Washington, James Madison, and the Creation of …

Orlando's Martin Andersen: Power Behind The Boom, H. Bailey Thomson

Florida Historical Quarterly

Newspaper publishers often have been key partners with other business and civic leaders in promoting the expansion of their cities. The goal of these coalitions, which sociologist Harvey L. Molotch calls "growth machines," has been so intensify land use and make money. Such boosterism has been especially prevalent in the South since World War II, as civic-commercial elites sought to modernize government and attract industry, measuring their success mainly in conservative terms such as new factories, office buildings, and expressways.

The Nature Of Mimicry: An Evaluation Of Political Party Conflict And Its Implications In The United States, Bridget Gallagher

Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024

No abstract provided.

Lessons From A Forgotten Fuel: Assessing The Long History Of Alcohol Fuel Advocacy And Use In The United States, Jeffrey T. Manuel

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

Debates over biofuels, especially ethanol and biodiesel, in the twenty-first century rarely consider the long history of producing and consuming biofuels in the United States. This article assesses that long history of industrially produced biofuels in the United States. First, the article periodizes a century and a half of biofuels into six distinct eras: (1) the camphene era (1830s-1860s) when alcohol was used for illumination, (2) the early automobile era (1900-1920) when alcohol was pitted against gasoline in internal combustion engines, (3) the rural development era (1920s-1930s) when alcohol fuels were promoted to help struggling farmers, (4) the energy crisis …