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Aerial Terror: The Shift In American Daylight Bombing Over Europe During World War Ii, Joseph Sullivan

History & Classics Undergraduate Theses

In the final two years of the Second World War, the United States abandoned daylight precision bombing for terror bombing. During the interwar years, the United States cited international norms and laws to speak out against unjust air attacks by Germany and Japan. Even during the United States’ period of neutrality, President Franklin Roosevelt criticized Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union for their tactics. But, as the war dragged on, the ferocity and persistence of the Nazis forced the United States to change their approach to strategic bombing. With fewer military industrial targets remaining and Allied casualties rising, the US …

Reagan’S State Of Grace: J. Peter Grace And The Effort To Cut Government Expense At The Public’S Expense, Kevin Michels

History & Classics Undergraduate Theses

Ronald Reagan’s ideological basis in neoliberalism and the difficulties with cutting out programs to which the citizenry had grown accustomed prompted him to change the narrative on government expenditures, focusing on the rooting out of wasteful and inefficient government agencies and programs as a means by which to lower taxes. In doing so, Reagan created a private sector survey for cost control that placed the responsibility of identifying such waste and inefficiencies under the purview of J. Peter Grace and the private sector—a group of corporate businessmen who shared Reagan’s deregulatory ideology yet were accountable to their own shareholders rather …

John Holladay Latané And American Diplomatic History In The Era Of The Lost Cause, Scott Dranginis

Senior Theses

This thesis examines the impact of the Lost Cause on the writings and ideas of John Holladay Latané, an American historian of foreign policy who was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1869, and died in 1932. Latané had ties to several prominent southern individuals and institutions throughout his life, such as Captain William Latané (his uncle) and Johns Hopkins University, which he both attended (both as an undergraduate and graduate student) and taught at. With this background in mind, a study of Latané’s stances reveals how the Lost Cause ideology intersected with analysis of foreign policy in the early twentieth …

Wagon Tracks Volume 35, Issue 2 (February 2021), Santa Fe Trail Association

Wagon Tracks

Contents

2 On the Cover: Epifanio Aguirre by Ron Kil

4 Insights from your President

5 Joanne’s Jottings

6 Trail News, Education and Jr. Wagon Master

8 2021 Symposium

13 SFTA Websites Listing

13 Cross Cultural Marriages: Six Jaramillo Women by Doyle Daves

20 Freighting for Uncle Sam by Darlis A. Miller

27 Hell on Wheels: Hays City and Sheridan by Dr Michael Olsen

32 Chapter Reports

31 Book Review: Lifelines: The Bowen Love Letters, compiled by Susan Lee Ward. Reviewed by Ruth Friesen

33 Membership Form

36 Calendar

A Florida Settler Of 1877: The Diary Of Erastus G. Hill, Erastus G. Hill

Florida Historical Quarterly

The QUARTERLY is grateful to Mrs. L. H. Hill of Lawtey, Florida, for permission to publish this diary which has been preserved for so many years in her family, and to Mr. A. Z. Adkins, Jr. of Gainesville for bringing it to the attention of the QUARTERLY and securing that permission. Our readers, also, will thank them ; for here we have a firsthand account of why and how so many thousands of families moved to Florida in the early days.

Filibustering With The “Dauntless”, Richard V. Rickenbach

Florida Historical Quarterly

Through the indefatigable efforts of Jose A. Huau and Alphonso Fritot, Jacksonville was an active center of filibustering to Cuba in the years 1895-98. Huau was important for his local influence, and his store on the corner of Bay and Main streets served as the clearing house for negotiations of the filibusterers. It seems now that it would have been all but impossible for the revolutionaries to be successful had they not had the aid of Fritot, for he was the joint agent of all the railroads running into Jacksonville. 1 He had the power of being able to secure …

The Jacksonville Historical Society, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notes from the Jacksonville Historical Society

Negro Slavery In Florida, Part Ii, Edwin L. Williams, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the plantation regime expanded in territorial Florida and the Negro population became more numerous it became necessary that the slave system should be supported by statutory law. The purpose of the law was primarily to control the slave through a strict regulation of the system, and only incidentally to give him protection from ill usage. In 1828 the Legislative Council laid the legal basis for future legislation concerning Negro slaves by the passage of an act which stated that “slaves shall be deemed, held, and taken as personal property for every purpose whatever." This act placed the Negro slave …

Diego Pena’S Expedition To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1716, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Prior to the settlement of Charles Town in 1670, the Spanish, through the mission reductions, dominated many of the southeastern Indian tribes. Although the mission Indians generally accepted the discipline imposed, several revolts against Spanish rule nevertheless occurred, the suppression of which doubtless produced many malcontents. Furthermore the Spanish regarded the English settlement of Carolina as an encroachment on Spanish territory, although evidently not unwelcome by Indians who had become hostile to the Spaniards.

Major-General John Campbell In British West Florida, George C. Osborn

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in the autumn of 1778 Brigadier-General John Campbell received a communication from Lord George Germain to proceed from the colony of New York to Pensacola, Province of West Florida. In this imperial province, which was bounded on the west by the Mississippi river, Lake Ponchartrain and the Iberville river, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Apalachicola river and on the north by the thirty-first parallel but later by a line drawn eastward from the mouth of the Yazoo river, General Campbell was to take command of His Majesty’s troops. That the newly …

Florida Regional And Local Historical Societies, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Historical Association of Southern Florida, Jacksonville Historical Society, The St. Augustine Historical Society

Carpetbag Imperialism In Florida, 1862-1868 Part Ii, George Winston Smith

Florida Historical Quarterly

Before the Florida Direct Tax Commissioners couId hope to make extensive tax assessments and sales of “rebel”property in Florida, further military operations were essential in the Jacksonville area. Nevertheless, Fernandina and St. Augustine already were in possession of the Union forces, and Stickney could see before him a limited entree to southern wealth. Before he made a leisurely journey southward at the end of 1862, he quietly began to make preparations.

Carpetbag Imperialism In Florida 1862-1868, George Winston Smith

Florida Historical Quarterly

The great Civil War battlefields were far from Florida. Compared with the Wilderness campaign, the bloody slaughter of Pittsburg Landing or other major conflicts, even Olustee was a minor battle on the margin of the war. Yet in addition to keeping Florida in the Confederacy, it and other lesser encounters revealed social forces which were destined to alter the fabric of Florida’s society, and radically influence the future, of all the South. For with the occupying forces of the Union army came political and economic adventurers, the successors of a few earlier Yankee pioneers in Florida, and the predecessors of …

Book Review, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of Lake Okeechobee: Wellspring of the Everglades, by Alfred Jackson Hanna and Kathryn Abbey Hanna. (Indianapolis and New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1948. 379 pp. $4.00), and Lakanal, the Regicide: A Biographical and Historical Study of the Career of Joseph Lakanal, by John Charles Dawson. University of Alabama Press, 1948. (215 p. $5.00)

Robert E. Lee In Florida, Karl A. Bickel

Florida Historical Quarterly

The career of General Robert E. Lee is so overwhelmingly associated with the valleys of Virginia and the great and decisive battles of the Civil War that his very real personal interest in Florida and the fact that as one of the commission of United States Army officers in 1849 he made a detailed and personal examination of the entire coast line of Florida from Pensacola to Jacksonville and Fernandina, has been largely obscured. During this tour of inspection as secretary of the commission, he recorded the results of the examination of every bay, river mouth of any importance, or …

The Florida Historical Society Annual Meeting, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Includes minutes, report of the treasurer, membership report, and accessions to the library

Tequesta: The Journal Of The Historical Association Of Southern Florida, No. 7, 1947, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Tequesta: The Journal of the Historical Association of Southern. Florida, 1947, Number Seven, has appeared since the last issue of our QUARTERLY. This is published annually by that Association and the University of Miami as a bulletin of the University. The present number, as was the last, was edited by Dr. Charlton W. Tebeau, Head of the Department of History of the University.

Flagler’S Associates In East Florida Development, Sidney Walter Martin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Financially, the Florida East Coast developments during the period 1885-1912, were the results of the efforts of one man, Henry M. Flagler. He spent an estimated fifty million dollars in Florida and received help from no outside source. However, to carry through his program, Flagler necessarily gathered about him a very able group of associates who should be given much credit for his accomplishments. Among this group were men who were to become life-long friends of the millionaire after years of close association. Flagler was a good judge of men, and therefore delegated responsibility to all of his associates in …

Florida In North Carolina Spanish Records, Part Ii, Albert C. Manucy

Florida Historical Quarterly

The North Carolina papers show intimately the operation of Spanish colonial government. Even more intimately, perhaps, they reveal its shortcomings through the media of complaints from one side or the other, residencias of the various regimes, and innumerable autos, memorials and testimonios. Complaints were to be expected, since politics and personalities were involved. Occasionally, however, there were bona fide instances of maladministration or criminal carelessness, such as the well-known cases of Rebolledo in 1657 and Sanchez in 1736.

Stephen Russell Mallory, Part Iii, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

While few of Stephen Mallory’s recorded speeches in the United States Senate are great oratorical efforts, most of them are replete with logic and some are eloquent. The reader today is especially impressed with his breadth of information and with the pertinancy of his arguments to the subject as well as often to the interests of his constituents. The savoire faire for which he was famous and of which Pensacolians, contemporaries of his, still speak, was never found wanting, even when debate became acrimonious or when an issue was decided contrary to his wishes. It must be recalled that he …

W. D. Chipley, West Florida’S Mr. Railroad, Edmund C. Williamson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The man referred to was William Dudley Chipley of Pensacola, builder of the railroad from Pensacola to Chattahoochee and the Apalachicola river. Chipley was fast becoming one of the leading political figures in the state, and needless to say, he was on the other side of the fence both in local and state politics from the Pensacola Commercial which called him “Major Octopus.”

Stephen Russell Mallory Part Ii, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Of those who have been identified with early Key West, one who has been given highest acclaim is Ellen Mallory, Stephen R. Mallory’s mother.

Henry Morrison Flagler, S. Walter Martin

Florida Historical Quarterly

The German Palatinate produced the ancestors of Henry Morrison Flagler, American oil magnate, railroad builder and developer. The Fleglers (as the name was then spelled) left the Palatinate in 1688 as a result of the devastating wars of Louis XIV, and went to Holland for safety. Among the family was one Zacharra Flegler, who strayed away from Holland to England, and worked for several years in Walworth as a carpenter, among other Palatines who had fled their native home. Life offered little in England as compared to the stories he had heard concerning America, so he left Walworth early in …

Stephen Russell Mallory, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Perhaps Charles Mallory, as he worked at his carpenter’s bench somewhere in New England, dreamed that some day he might have a son to work beside him or to follow him at the same bench; and later, now a building superintendent and contractor in the island of Trinidad off the coast of South America, he may have dreamed again that the little Stephen playing about his shop or office, might become a great man. But if so, the reality far surpassed his dreams-for the boy became a member of the foremost legislative body of the world, and later was one …

Some Military Affairs In Territorial Florida, Albert C. Manucy

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the red and gold banner of Spain was unfurled over the Castillo at St. Augustine on Tuesday morning, July 10, 1821, the Castillo guns roared a salute. Later in the day the cannon fired again, and the 23-star flag of the United States was hoisted above the ramparts beside the Spanish banner. U. S. troops formed near the Castillo. Again the guns thundered, and as the echoes died away, Spain’s flag came slowly down. A detachment from the American force marched over the drawbridge into the Castillo, where the drums beat the change of guard.

Sheep Replace Pronghorn: An Environmental History Of The Mono Basin, Robert B. Marks

Eastern Sierra History Journal

This article examines the ways in which the hunting-gathering people of the Mono Basin lived before their way of life and environment was overturned by the nineteenth-century arrival of Euro-American settlers with vastly different ways of interacting with the environment. And it tracks some of these alterations by tracking when and how sheep replaced pronghorns.

The Contest For Pensacola Bay And Other Gulf Ports, 1698-1722. Part Ii, Stanley Faye

Florida Historical Quarterly

The brothers Lemoyne began Louisiana’s war against Mexico, as told in part one of this narrative. Francois Blondel de la Tour continued it. One month after the fall of San Carlos (at Pensacola bay) the commandant of Natchitoches led the six men remaining in his garrison against San Miguel de Adaes, the nearest Spanish mission of Texas. He captured one of the two Spanish soldiers. who formed the garrison there, but neither Blondel nor Governor Alarcon at Mission Dolores (near Nacogdoches, Texas) possessed military strength for further operations. Natchitoches waited in stalemate until the Company of the Indies should open …

The Port Of St. Augustine During The British Regime, Wilbur H. Siebert

Florida Historical Quarterly

A little more than six miles of Anastasia island, eastward of St. Augustine, is shown on the old map by De Brahm, one-time surveyor-general for the Southern District of British America. The channel is depicted and, less than a mile east of the fortress or “castle,” the bar. The Look-out Tower stands two thirds of the island’s width at that point from its inner side, a little more than a fifth of a mile from its outer side, and half a mile from the shore directly north. De Brahm’s survey was made in 1765 and 1766. On a much earlier …

The Florida Historical Society, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.

The Contest For Pensacola Bay And Other Gulf Ports, 1698-1722, Part I, Stanley Faye

Florida Historical Quarterly

John Law’s Mississippi Bubble of speculation began to inflate itself on September 26, 1717, when Law’s Company of the West made ready to colonize Louisiana. Yet Law in Paris already knew that a sandbar had blocked up the one seaport of Louisiana that he thought suitable for receiving his transatlantic vessels. Five years later the bubble persisted only in memory, the bubble-maker lingered in exile and necessity persuaded light-draft French shipping to enter the Mississippi river. In the course of those five years the Company of the West had searched unavailingly for another deep, suitable and almost necessary port, and …