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When Modern Tourism Was Born: Florida At The World Fairs And On The World Stage In The 1930s, David Nelson Apr 2022

When Modern Tourism Was Born: Florida At The World Fairs And On The World Stage In The 1930s, David Nelson

Florida Historical Quarterly

More than any other moment in Florida's history, the debut of the state's exhibit at Chicago's Century of Progress world's fair in 1933 marked the beginning of modern Florida tourism. From this point until the end of the 20th century and beyond, Florida promoted and depended upon tourism more than upon any other industry. This proved to be the moment Florida ceased to be southern in the popular mind and assumed the image of a racially-and regionally-neutral land of sunshine, fun, and endless opportunity. It was at Chicago in 1933 that Florida became genuinely and definitively exotic and tropic in …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Finlay, Growing American Rubber: Strategic Plants and the Politics of National Security. by Anne B. Effland; Alderson, Jr., This Bright Era of Happy Revolutions: French Consul Michel-Ange-Bernard Mangourit and International Republicanism in Charleston, 1792-1794, by Rafe Blaufarb; O'Connor and Monroe, Florida's American Heritage River: Images from the St. Johns Region. by R. Bruce Stephenson; Davis, An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century. by Gregory Bush; Griffin, ed., The Odyssey of an African Slave. By Sitiki. by Michael Guasco; Brana-Shute and Sparks, eds., Paths to Freedom: Manumission in the Atlantic World. by Timothy R. Buckner; Curnutt and …


End Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Call for Papers, 2010 Annwal Meeting of the Florida Historical Society; The Friends of the Florida Historical Society Present The 2009/2010 Discover Florida Series Speakers; Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida History Lecture Series; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Patterson, The Mosquito Crusades: A History of the American Anti-Mosquito Movement from the Reed Commission to the First Earth Day. by George Dehner; Lockey, Maroon Communities in South Carolina: A Documentary Record. by Oscar de la Torre; Schoultz, That Infernal Little Cuban Republic: The United States and the Cuban Revolution. by Michael Donoghue; Zelden, Bush v. Gore: Exposing the Hidden Crisis in American Democracy. by Russell Moore; Fraser, Jr., Lowcounty Hurricanes: Three Centuries of Storms at Sea and Ashore. by Stephen O'Neill; Richardson and Jones, Education for Liberation: The American Missionary Association and African Americans, 1890 to the Present. by …


Florida Classroom: Tea Sets, Tractors, T-1 Lines: The Survival Of A Small Town Library: The Hastings, Branch Library, Hastings, Florida, Nancy J. Levine Apr 2022

Florida Classroom: Tea Sets, Tractors, T-1 Lines: The Survival Of A Small Town Library: The Hastings, Branch Library, Hastings, Florida, Nancy J. Levine

Florida Historical Quarterly

Hastings, Florida, can rightly be called "a wide place in the road." Three miles square, with a population of 687,1 Hastings is the potato capital of Florida, according to its welcome sign. But the town's small size seems to have given it long-lasting feelings of inferiority. Townspeople describe Hastings as "the stepchild of the county." Writing in 1993 to the editorial page of the daily newspaper, the St. Augustine Record, Hastings citizen Bill Parish complained that "[t]he one thing that administrators in St. Johns County like about our area is that beautiful shade of green of our money."


Inventing The Conch Republic: The Creation Of Key West As An Escape From Modern America, William C. Barnett Apr 2022

Inventing The Conch Republic: The Creation Of Key West As An Escape From Modern America, William C. Barnett

Florida Historical Quarterly

Key West has been a popular tourist destination for over seventy years, and visitors are struck by its distinctive sense of lace and by its sense of a lingering past. Various slogans call attention to its remote island location-100 miles south of mainland Florida, but only 90 miles north of Cuba-and emphasize its geographic and cultural separation from modern America. Tourism boosters call it "America's Southernmost City," "Margaritaville," "The Last Resort," and "the Conch Republic," and each label promises a place apart from the rest of the nation. The constant use of the words "escape" and "getaway" in tourism ads …


End Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Friends of the Florida Historical Society Present the 2009-2010 Discover Florida Series Speakers; The Florida Historical Society Presents the Fall Florida History Film Festival 2009; Florida Fronteirs: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Gulf South History and Humanities Conference; Florida History Lecture Series; Call for Papers: Agricultural History Society; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


1892-A Year Of Crucial Decisions In Florida, Jesus Mendez Apr 2022

1892-A Year Of Crucial Decisions In Florida, Jesus Mendez

Florida Historical Quarterly

The figure of Henry Morrison Flagler towers her other men and women in modem Florida history. No individual-except, perhaps, his contemporary and fellow railroad man Henry Bradley Plant-can lay claim to his business acumen, daring, and romantic vision in fomenting Florida's growth and rising preeminence in the southeast United States. From dead last among the traditional southern states in 1900 in terms of population and manufacturing activity, Florida today ranks fourth among all states in the American Union as far as population and, in 2006, boasted of having one of its strongest economies.1 In addition, Florida today is, arguably, the …


Florida History In Publication, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Florida History In Publication, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

DeLatte, Lucy Audubon: A Biography. by Brittany Bayless; Swygert and Vause, Florida's First Law School: A History of Stetson University College of Law by George B. Crawford; Dunkelman, War's Relentless Hand: Twelve Tales of Civil War Soldiers. by Eric P. Totten; Johnson, Souh Women at the Seven Sister Collegs: Feminist Values and Social Activimn, 1871-1915. by Ann Short Chirhart; Cassanello and Shell-Weiss, eds., Florida's Working Class Past: Current Perspectives on Labor, Race, and Gender from Spanish Florida to the New Immigration. by Matthew Hild; Craft, Embry-Rddle at War: Aviation Training during World War II. by Lewis W. Metzger, V; Cattelino, …


Gatorland: Survival Of The Fittest Among Florida's Mid-Tier Tourist Attractions, Dorothy Mays Apr 2022

Gatorland: Survival Of The Fittest Among Florida's Mid-Tier Tourist Attractions, Dorothy Mays

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the early decades of the 20th century the majority of tourists coming to Florida were well-heeled members of America's elite classes seeking to escape the brutal northern winters. The deplorable condition of Florida's road system meant that long-distance travel was practical only via railroad. The interior of Florida remained largely unaffected by tourism as the railroads bypassed most of the state and funneled tourists directly to opulent resorts in the coastal cities of St. Augustine, Miami, and Tampa. All this would change in the years following World War II, when ownership of an automobile had become commonplace and the …


Sharp Prose For Green: John D. Macdonald And The First Ecological Novel, Jack E. Davis Apr 2022

Sharp Prose For Green: John D. Macdonald And The First Ecological Novel, Jack E. Davis

Florida Historical Quarterly

Hardboiled-fiction writer John D. MacDonald was known to fulminate with devastating eloquence against the profligate pillaging of the Florida Dream. Its post-World War II disintegration into a nightmare took form as a subtheme in numerous novels he produced between the 1950s and 1980s and ultimately as a subgenre that inspired a future generation of socially minded Florida writers.1 Having made the state his home, MacDonald sensed personal loss when the combined improvidence and greed of businesses and government leaders impaired the general quality of life. He put his concerns to creative use in cutting prose, saving his harshest words for …


Florida And The Environment: From "La Florida" To Global Warming, Duane E. Defreese Apr 2022

Florida And The Environment: From "La Florida" To Global Warming, Duane E. Defreese

Florida Historical Quarterly

Stephen Hawking's book, A Brief History in Time begins with a short passage about a well-known scientist giving a public lecture on astronomy and the meaning of the universe... "He described how the earth &ts around the sun and how the sun, in turn, around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady in the back of the room got up and said. "What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise." The scientist …


Savage Foes, Noble Warriors, And Frail Remnants: Florida Seminoles In The White Imagination, 1865-1934, Mikaela M. Adams Apr 2022

Savage Foes, Noble Warriors, And Frail Remnants: Florida Seminoles In The White Imagination, 1865-1934, Mikaela M. Adams

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1930, special agent Roy Nash entered the swamps of the Everglades and came face-to-face with a Seminole Indian. Sent by the United States government to conduct a survey of Florida's indigenous population, Nash traveled for nine hours "through mud and moonlight" in search of a Seminole village. In the opening page of his report to Congress, Nash painted a vivid portrait of Florida's remaining Indians. Standing with a poised spear in a dugout canoe, Nash's archetypal Seminole was an "astounding anachronism," "a primitive hunter 30 miles from a center of industrial civilization." Clothed in a brightly-colored, knee-length shirt, belted …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Carmichael, The Last Generation: Young Virginians in Peace, War, and Reunion. by Matthew Hulbert; Inscoe, Race, War, and Remembrance in the Appalachian South. by Brian McKnight; Stebbins, City of Intrigue, Nest of Revolution: A Documentary History of Key West in the Nineteenth Century. by Jonathan Grandage; Pauly, Fruits and Plains: The Horticultural Transformation of America. by Lake Douglas; Kealing, Tupperware Unsealed: Brownie Wise, Earl Tupper, and the Home Party Pioneers. by Minoa D. Uffelman; Dyckman, A Most Disorderly Court: Scandal and Reform in the Florida Judiciary. by Russell Moore; Moruzzi, Havana Before Castro: When Cuba Was a Tropical Playground by …


Space Rush: Local Impact Of Federal Aerospace Programs On Brevard And Surrounding Counties, Sallie Middleton Apr 2022

Space Rush: Local Impact Of Federal Aerospace Programs On Brevard And Surrounding Counties, Sallie Middleton

Florida Historical Quarterly

Like early rushes to gold and land, America's space program produced a massive quest for opportunity and frontier development, this time along the frontier of space. By actively promoting and financing this new space frontier, the U. S. government continued a demographic shift begun during the defense industry build-up of the Second World War. California provided the best example of what could be called the second "gold rush" of defense-related jobs that attracted thousands of migrants to a warm climate and booming economy. Over $100 billion federal dollars poured into the state, where one in three workers held defense jobs.1 …


Beyond The Cape: An Examination Of Cape Canaveral's Influence On The City Of Cocoa Beach 1950-1963, Lori C. Walters Apr 2022

Beyond The Cape: An Examination Of Cape Canaveral's Influence On The City Of Cocoa Beach 1950-1963, Lori C. Walters

Florida Historical Quarterly

A drive down A1A through the City of Cocoa Beach reveals meager clues to this municipality's former life as "Missileland, USA." Few businesses sport missile oriented names as they did during the Space-Age boom of the 1950s and 1960s. Reporters no longer troll the missile worker watering holes in hopes of securing information regarding the next launch from the Cape. The number of tourists seeking out Major Anthony Nelson's house decreases each year. Today's visitors find a community whose lifeblood stems more from its broad sandy shores than from its proximity to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station or the Kennedy …


The Gendered Anniversary: The Story Of America's Women Astronauts, Amy Foster Apr 2022

The Gendered Anniversary: The Story Of America's Women Astronauts, Amy Foster

Florida Historical Quarterly

As this special issue of the Florida Historical Quarterly has generously acknowledged, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is celebrating its fiftieth anniversary. As important as that anniversary is to the people of Florida, 2008 marks an equally significant anniversary of the space age. June 18, 2008, was the 25" anniversary of the launch of STS-7, Challenger's second flight, and the first flight of Dr. Sally K. Ride. As many Americans will recognize the name, Sally Ride was the first American woman to fly in space.


Heroes In A Vacuum: The Apollo Astronaut As Cultural Icon, Roger D. Launius Apr 2022

Heroes In A Vacuum: The Apollo Astronaut As Cultural Icon, Roger D. Launius

Florida Historical Quarterly

No one could have predicted the public fascination with astronauts from the first unveiling of the Mercury Seven in 1959 through Project Apollo until the present. The astronaut as celebrity and what that has meant in American life never dawned on anyone beforehand. To the surprise and ultimately consternation of some NASA leaders, they immediately became national heroes and the leading symbols of the fledgling space program.1 Even so, both NASA and the press contrived to present the astronauts as embodiments of the leading virtues of American culture and this has continued from the 1950s to the new millennium. Both …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Lipscomb, ed. The Letters of Pierce Butler, 1790-1794: Nation Building and Enterprise in the New American Republic. by Rusty Bouseman; Buker. The Metal Life Car: The Inventor, the Impostor, and the Business of Lifesaving. by John Missall; Winsboro. Florida's Civil War: Explorations into Conflict, Interpretations and Memory. by Daniel R. Lewis; Snay. Fenians, Freedmen, and Southern Whites: Race and Nationality in the Era of Reconstruction. by David T. Gleeson; Crawford, Jr. Florida Big Dig: The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway from Jacksonville to Miami, 1881-1935. by Steven Noll; Warren. If It Takes All Summer: Martin Luther King, the KKK and States' Rights …


Doing The Job: The 1964 Desgregation Of The Florida Army National Guard, Thomas P. Honsa Apr 2022

Doing The Job: The 1964 Desgregation Of The Florida Army National Guard, Thomas P. Honsa

Florida Historical Quarterly

The American civil rights movement usually brings to mind cities such as Montgomery, Birmingham, Memphis and Washington, D.C. In Florida, however, one of the most significant events of the civil rights era occurred without fanfare in the small, west coast town of Palmetto. It was here in 1964 that the color barrier was broken in one of the state's largest whites-only organizations, The Florida Army National Guard. For the first time in post-colonial history, African-Americans were enlisted into the state's military. Prior to American control, African Americans did play a military role in Florida. State guard officials claim that the …


The State Of Mental Health In The Mountain West, Olivia K. Cheche, Kristian Thymianos, Katie M. Gilbertson Apr 2022

The State Of Mental Health In The Mountain West, Olivia K. Cheche, Kristian Thymianos, Katie M. Gilbertson

Undergraduate Research Symposium Podium Presentations

How do the Mountain West states (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) perform in the quality of mental health care services? How prevalent are mental health issues in the Mountain West? How accessible is the mental health workforce to adults and youth?


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Matthews. Caribbean Slave Revolts and the British Abolitionist Movement by Ryan D. Groves; Mulroy. The Seminole Freedmen, A History by Daniel S. Murphree; Latimer. 1812 War with America by James Cusick; Cimbala and Shaw, editors. Making A New South: Race, Leadership, and Community after the Civil War by Robert A. Taylor; Sheehan-Dean. Why Confederates Fought: Family and Nation in Civil War Virginia by John Sacher; Savitt. Race and Medicine in Nineteenth-and Early-Twentieth Century America by John David Smith; Ayala and Bernabe. Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History Since 1898 by Guadalupe Garcia; Spencer. A History of Gambling in …


In The Aftermath Of The Battle Of Olustee: A Beecher's Surprise Visit To Florida, Sarah Whitmer Foster Apr 2022

In The Aftermath Of The Battle Of Olustee: A Beecher's Surprise Visit To Florida, Sarah Whitmer Foster

Florida Historical Quarterly

Isabella Beecher Hooker spent March 12-14, 1864, visiting senior army officers in Jacksonville. The timing was auspicious, given that her visit came just weeks after the only significant Civil War battle in Florida. The Federal defeat at Olustee had occurred on February 20. Moreover, she had access to regimental and brigade commanders through her brother, James C. Beecher, and her Hartford friend and neighbor, Joseph R. Hawley.1 At the end of her visit Isabella wrote to her husband offering observations about the battle and the Federal officer who led Northern troops in this engagement. The source of her information about …


"If It Was Not For You I Would Be Willing To Die:" The Civil War Correspondence Of Michael And Sallie Raysor, Aaron Sheehan-Dean Apr 2022

"If It Was Not For You I Would Be Willing To Die:" The Civil War Correspondence Of Michael And Sallie Raysor, Aaron Sheehan-Dean

Florida Historical Quarterly

Like many Floridians before the Civil War, Michael O. Raysor was not a native.2 Born in Colleton District, South Carolina in 1837, he moved to Florida in 1858 at the age of 21. Raysor settled into life in Jefferson County, Florida, relying on the large extended family that moved to the area as well.3 In June 1861, Raysor enlisted in the Jefferson Rifles (Company H) of the 3rd Florida Regiment. Raysor's military service encompassed many experiences common to Confederates. He accompanied Braxton Bragg in his invasion of Kentucky, where he was captured at the battle of Perryville. After being exchanged, …


Workers Of The Sunshine State Unite!: The Florida Socialist Party During The Progressive Era, 1900-1920, R. Steven Griffin Apr 2022

Workers Of The Sunshine State Unite!: The Florida Socialist Party During The Progressive Era, 1900-1920, R. Steven Griffin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida, whether under Democratic or Republican political control, has always appeared to most outside observers as a haven for political conservatism. Outward appearances, however, often prove to be quite deceptive. Florida politics during the Progressive Era may be such a case. In 1912, the Socialist presidential candidate, Eugene Debs, garnered more votes in Florida than Theodore Roosevelt or William Howard Taft, and Florida was the only state of the former Confederacy where this minor party finished as high as second place in the total vote. A canvass of Progressive Era voting results reveals the steady growth of Socialist electoral strength …


Leaning On The Everlasting Arms: Virgil Darnell Hawkins's Early Life And Entry Into The Civil Rights Struggle, Larry O. Rivers Apr 2022

Leaning On The Everlasting Arms: Virgil Darnell Hawkins's Early Life And Entry Into The Civil Rights Struggle, Larry O. Rivers

Florida Historical Quarterly

By 1987, Florida civil rights hero Virgil Hawkins's earthly journey neared its end. At 80 years of age, the sunset of his life had given him many signs that relief and rest lay just on the horizon: grayer hair, slower reflexes, sharper aches, and ailing health. But still, even in these waning years, peace eluded him. The painful, ongoing irony and contradiction in his life appeared as clear as the black-haired, white female newspaper reporter sitting in his living room, carefully scratching out notes as he shared a story that he had repeated so many times.1


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Murphree, Constructing Floridians: Natives and Europeans in the Colonial Flordas, 1513-1783 by J. Michael Francis; Perez, Jr., To Die in Cuba: Suicide and Society by Christina D. Abreu; Hiller, Highway A1A: Florida at the Edge by Keith A. Sculle; Noll and Blumhofer, editors, Sing Them Ouer Again To Me: Hymns and Hymnbooks in America by Daniel S. Pierce; Koszulinski, director, Cracker Crazy: Invisible Histories of the Sunshine State by Robert Cassanello; Braddock, Down in Orburndale: A Songwriter's Youth in Old Florida by Kristine M. McCusker; Butler, Women in the Church of God in Christ: Making a Sanctified World by Edward …


Camp Roosevelt: A Case Study Of The Nya In Florida, Dave Nelson Apr 2022

Camp Roosevelt: A Case Study Of The Nya In Florida, Dave Nelson

Florida Historical Quarterly

In April 1940, Life magazine's cover story on "Government and Youth" updated an article the magazine had published on the youth problem in 1936. The cover featured a photograph of Mabel Sealey, an enrollee at Camp Roosevelt, a National Youth Administration (NYA) resident project in Ocala, Florida. The accompanying article, presented the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) as boys' work relief, while the NYA provided relief for girls.1 In the gendered language of the narrative and the photographic images, the masculine CCC project accomplished important work such as fire fighting and tree planting, while teaching its enrollees military discipline and job …


The "Jewel" Of The South?: Miami, Florida, And The Naacp's Struggle For Civil Rights In America's Vacation Paradise, Chanelle Rose Apr 2022

The "Jewel" Of The South?: Miami, Florida, And The Naacp's Struggle For Civil Rights In America's Vacation Paradise, Chanelle Rose

Florida Historical Quarterly

The most recent studies on civil rights activism in Florida demystify popular notions of the ostensibly atypical southern state as an aberration from the Deep South.1 However, V.O. Key's 1949 characterization of the "tremendous gap in tempo epitomized in the contrast between a sleepy, rural Old South county of northern Florida and the bustling city of Miami" exemplified the widening gap between the intrastate regions in the era following the Second World War. As Miami Herald reporter Philip Meyer noted, "neither northern nor typically southern, Miami is a kind of sociological time capsule suspended between two worlds."2 Such characterizations as …