Digital Commons Network^™

Torment Of Pestilence: Yellow Fever Epidemics In Pensacola, George F. Pearce

Florida Historical Quarterly

For more than a century, yellow fever epidemics intermittently swept over Pensacola, Florida, producing a high mortality, disrupting its economic and social life, dividing community leaders and medical authorities over courses of action in combatting them, causing untold numbers to flee, some permanently, and keeping those who remained in a state of demoralizing terror. The approach of summer each year invariably brought with it the fear of a repetition of the dreadful experience. This atmosphere of apprehension and utter helplessness was nourished by ignorance about the origin, transmission, and prevention of the disease. It was not until 1900 that medical …

Colored Town: Miami's Black Community, 1896-1930, Paul S. George

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the time of Miami’s incorporation in 1896, the fortunes of black Americans had declined to their lowest level since the Civil War. The heady illusions and notable accomplishments of the freedmen during Reconstruction had succumbed to the harsh realities of economic dependency and the restoration of white Democratic rule in the South. Increasingly, blacks found themselves scapegoats for political and economic tensions and targets of virulent new doctrines of racial inferiority, resulting in widespread disfranchisement, segregation (Jim Crow) legislation, and increasing white intimidation and violence in Florida and elsewhere in the South. The problems worsened in the early decades …

Private Societies And The Maintenance Of Seminole Tribal Integrity, 1899-1957, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the Seminole Indians of southern Florida were a relatively independent and prosperous people. The small remnant group which remained in Florida following the Third Seminole War (1855-58), numbering fewer than 200, evaded army efforts to capture them, and they faded away into the fastness of the Everglades and Big Cypress Swamp. For several decades they lived in virtual isolation from the outside world, venturing forth only for occasional trading visits to frontier villages such as Miami, Fort Meade, and Fort Myers. During these years they completed the last stage of an ethnoecologic …

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Olustee Battlefield, John C. Pace Library Acquisitions, Florida Miliary Collection, Conferences, Publications

Civil War Letters Of Major General James Patton Anderson, Margaret Anderson Uhler

Florida Historical Quarterly

In a time when patriotism was among the greatest of American virtues, few men pursued it more passionately than General James Patton Anderson of the Confederate army. Born in Winchester, Franklin County, Tennessee, February 16, 1822, he was the son of Margaret Adair and Colonel William Preston Anderson, a veteran of the War of 1812. His maternal grandfather was General John Adair, a hero in both the American Revolution and the War of 1812, and the eighth governor of Kentucky.

A Love-Mad Man: Senator Charles W. Jones Of Florida, Judy Nicholas Etemadi

Florida Historical Quarterly

Following ten years of service in the United States Senate, Charles W. Jones of Pensacola was in a strong position to serve Florida when the forty-ninth Congress convened on December 7, 1885. As an Irish immigrant, he had used his background to aid Grover Cleveland’s successful 1884 presidential campaign. A publicized trip to Ireland in the summer of 1883 and addresses to large audiences of Irish-Americans had channelled votes to the Democratic party. As a result, Jones was regarded as a leader in the party. The inauguration of a Democratic president, whose campaign he had materially assisted, vaulted Jones into …

A View Of Spanish West Florida: Selected Letters Of Governor Juan Vicente Folch, David H. White

Florida Historical Quarterly

The waning years of the eighteenth century were a time of conflict and turmoil. Europe was convulsed by the wars of the French Revolution and their repercussions were felt throughout the world, including America. The isolated frontier province of Florida, so prized by Spain because of its strategic location to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic shipping routes was in an exposed position. Besides the threats from the English and the French, Spanish officials in St. Augustine and Pensacola had to be concerned with the illicit activities of privateers, particularly along the northeast coast of Florida, antagonistic …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

HOPES, DREAMS, AND PROMISES: A HISTORY OF VOLUSIA COUNDY, FLORIDA, by Michael G. Schene, reviewed by Thomas Graham; THE EMERGENCE OF A CITY IN THE MODERN SOUTH: PENSACOLA, 1900-1945, by James R. McGovern, reviewed by Wayne Flynt; THE UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI: A GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY HISTORY, 1926-1976, by Charlton W. Tebeau, reviewed by Thelma Peters; THE SOUND OF BELLS: THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN SOUTH FLORIDA, 1892-1969, by Joseph D. Cushman, Jr., reviewed by Samuel S. Hill, Jr.; CONFUSION TO THE ENEMY: A BIOGRAPHY OF EDWARD BALL, by Raymond K. Mason and Virginia Harrison, reviewed by William M. Goza; THE FLEDGLING PROVINCE: …

Children Of Honor: Letters Of Winston And Octavia Stephens, 1861-1862, Ellen E. Hodges

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the Florida secession convention voted in January 1861 to withdraw the state from the Union, it made a fateful decision, the consequences of which its members scarcely understood. The lives of Floridians, white and black, would be fundamentally altered-at first almost imperceptably, then with increasing speed and force-by the action of the delegates. Typical in many ways of those citizens whose lives would be completely altered by secession and civil strife was a young couple from Welaka in Putnam County-Octavia and Winston Stephens.

Turmoil At Big Cypress: Seminole Deer And The Florida Cattle Tick Controversy, Kenneth R. Philip

Florida Historical Quarterly

Indian Commissioner John Collier and Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, who was accompanied by his wife and son, left Washington, D.C., during the early spring of 1935 to meet with representatives of approximately 600 Seminole Indians who lived on three reservations and on scattered plots of land in Florida. Their purpose was to honor the one-hundredth anniversary of the beginning of the Second Seminole War and to conclude an informal peace treaty with these native Americans. After their arrival at West Palm Beach on March 18, Commissioner Collier requested that officials from the Dania Seminole Agency take them …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

LEMON CITY: PIONEERING ON BISCAYNE BAY, 1850-1925, by Thelma Peters, reviewed by John D. Pennekamp; EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FLORIDA: LIFE ON THE FRONTIER, edited by Samuel Proctor, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; PRESENCIA HISPANICA EN LA FLORIDA, AYER Y HOY: 1513-1976, edited by José Augustín Balseire, reviewed by Bruce S. Chappell; PARADE OF MEMORIES: A HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY, FLORIDA, by Arch Frederic Blakey, reviewed by George E. Buker; SPAIN: FORGOTTEN ALLY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, by Buchanan Parker Thomson, reviewed by Aileen Moore Topping; THE IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ABROAD: PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM, MAY 8 AND …

A New England Emigrant Aid Company Agent In Postwar Florida: Selected Letters Of James F. B. Marshall, 1867, Patricia P. Clark

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the New England Emigrant Aid Company, seeking to revitalize its colonizing enterprises after the Civil War, considered Florida as a prime location for northern settlers, the officers sent James F. B. Marshall on a scouting tour of the state. A native New Englander, former Hawaiian businessman, and paymaster general of Massachusetts troops, Marshall had volunteered for the assignment shortly after his election to the company’s board of directors in November 1866. Before he left Boston for a New York departure on December 18, Marshall was given a letter of instructions drafted by President John Murray Forbes and Vice President …

Florida White, Southern Belle, Margaret Anderson Uhler

Florida Historical Quarterly

The life of Ellen Adair White Beatty reads like a romantic novel. Born Eleanor Katherine Adair, June 5, 1801, near Harrodsburg, Kentucky, she was one of eleven children of General John Adair, veteran of the Revolution and the War of 1812 and eighth governor of Kentucky. During Florida’s early years as an American territory, Ellen became one of her most fascinating figures. A keen mind and sparkling personality, together with a madonna-like beauty, combined to make her the idol of intellectual and fashionable circles in Europe as well as in America.

Custom, Law, And History: The Enduring Influence Of Florida's "Black Code", Jerrell H. Shofner

Florida Historical Quarterly

In October 1956, Dr. Deborah Coggins, health officer for Madison, Jefferson, and Taylor counties, sat down to lunch in Madison, Florida, with a public health nurse to discuss a matter of mutual official concern. Because of their busy schedules the lunch hour was the only mutually available time for the meeting. But since the doctor was white and the nurse black, the business luncheon led to the dismissal of the doctor by indignant commissioners of the three counties. Her “breach of social tradition” had been so serious, according to the commissioners, that it rendered her unfit to continue in the …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, by J. Leitch Wright, Jr., reviewed by Don Higginbotham; THE FUNNEL OF GOLD, by Mendel Peterson, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; THE SEA SHELL ISLANDS: A HISTORY OF SANIBEL AND CAPTIVA by Elinore M. Dormer, reviewed by E. A. Hammond; THE EDUCATION OF BLACK PEOPLE IN FLORIDA, by J. Irving E. Scott, reviewed by Harry A. Kersey, Jr.; A HISTORY OF THE OLD SOUTH: THE EMERGENCE OF A RELUCTANT NATION, by Clement Eaton, reviewed by George R. Bentley; ORIGINS OF A SOUTHERN MOSAIC: STUDIES OF EARLY CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, by Clarence L. Ver Steeg, reviewed by …

The United States Navy Comes To Pensacola, George F. Pearce

Florida Historical Quarterly

The presence the navy has been a factor in the history of Pensacola almost since the moment that Florida became an American possession in 1821. The action by Congress in 1825 of selecting Pensacola as the location for a navy yard put Secretary of the Navy Samuel L. Southard, and ultimately the commissioners whom he appointed to determine the site for that establishment, in an unenviable position. Acting under pressure from Congress, the secretary ordered the commissioners to Pensacola before a study by the government to ascertain the most suitable location for a navy yard on the Gulf of Mexico …

May Mann Jennings And Royal Palm State Park, Linda D. Vance

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the Everglades National Park was dedicated at Everglades, Florida, on December 6, 1947, by President Harry S. Truman, the ceremony was attended by a host of national and state officials and dignitaries and by more than 8,000 of the general public. Seated on the speaker’s platform among the honored guests was a woman whose involvement in the preservation of the Everglades went back more years than any other individual present. She was May Mann Jennings, widow of William Sherman Jennings, Florida’s eighteenth governor.

Amjambo Africa! (December 2021), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Film: .......................................2/3

Le Intersection/Le Carrefour Zamzam Elmoge Black Owned Maine/Amjambo Holiday Gift Guide. ...........4/5

Editorial......................................6

Healthcare in Chad ...................8

French • Kinyarwanda Portuguese • Somali • Spanish Swahili

Poetry: My version of the American dream ......................13

Hermenegildo Paulo and Mathilde Micomyiza...............14

Diversity Calendar project.....16

Finance/All about cars............18

Columns. ............................18/19

Preble Street • MIRC • ILAP Maine Equal Justice • IntWork

5 New Mainers celebrate holidays...............................20-29

French • Kinyarwanda Portuguese • Somali • Spanish Swahili

Community Health Workers/CHOWs....................28

New Voices...............................29

Rupal Ramesh Shah • Roseline Souebele

Humanitarian crisis in Maine.31

Ledgers Of The W.T. Carter And Brother Lumber Company: An Archival Processing Project, Christopher Cameron Cotton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The W.T. Carter and Brother Lumber Company began in 1898 and operated until 1968 when it was sold to the U.S. Plywood Corporation. The Polk County, Texas company harvested longleaf pine during a crucial period of development for the Texas economy. The lumber industry was the state’s first large scale commercial enterprise not dependent on farming and provided a model for future extractive industries in the state. The W.T. Carter and Brother Lumber Company town of Camden, Texas exemplifies rural implementations of the company town system in the Texas lumber industry. This public history thesis provides a brief history of …

The Impact Of The United States Army Nurses Corps On The United States Army Fatality Rate In The Mediterranean And European Theater Of Operations During World War Ii, Joshua Benjamin Groomes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

World War II was the most devastating war in human history in terms of loss of life. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, plunged the United States into war. Less than seven thousand military nurses were on active duty at the time of the attack. By the end of the war, there were over fifty-thousand active-duty nurses. The army nurses performed under fire in field and evacuation hospitals, on hospital trains and ships, and as flight nurses on medical evacuation transport aircraft. The skill and dedication of the Army Nurses Corps insured a 95% survival rate …

The Passion Of Ken Williams: The Double Life Of A Mayor, The Newspaper That Brought Him Down, And The Story Of Journalism In America, Michael Adkison

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In November 2007, a team of reporters from the Benton County Daily Record published an expose revealing that Ken Williams, the mayor of Centerton, Arkansas, had been living a double life. In his former life as Don LaRose, he was a preacher in the Northeast, who one day vanished without a trace. His wild saga includes Satanists, truth serums, and a supposed murder. The Benton County Daily Record confronted the former reverend several times before he finally confessed to his double life. The next morning, he resigned as mayor, saying that the decisions he made were for the protection of …

Campbell Town: French Huguenots In British West Florida, J. Barton Starr

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Treaty of Paris signed between France, Spain, and England in 1763, transferred Spanish Florida and French Louisiana to the Mississippi River to Great Britain. With the Proclamation of 1763, this property became British West Florida. Almost immediately an extensive publicity campaign began to attract settlers to the Gulf coast of Florida. Typical of such propaganda were the sentiments of George Johnstone, newly-appointed governor of West Florida: "Upon the whole, whether we regard the situation or the climate, West Florida bids fair to be the emporium as well as the most pleasant part of the New World."

Brigadier Frederick Haldimand - The Florida Years, Robert R. Rea

Florida Historical Quarterly

The British colonies of East and West Florida were the fruits of one war and fell from the grasp of George III as the result of another. Throughout their brief history runs a common theme: both were part of a military frontier and to both the presence of British army units was of prime importance— economically, administratively, and socially. Their civil governors were men of modest competence at best. Trade never developed as profitably as merchants hoped, nor did immigrants rush to claim their untilled soil. But the army provided a degree of stability, as well as security, in spite …

The East Florida Society Of London, 1766-1767, George C. Rogers, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the great speculation in American lands that preceded the American Revolution, there was more interest in the real estate of East Florida than in the property of any other region of British America. Charles Loch Mowat stated in his seminal study on British East Florida that the Privy Council in London issued orders in council for 2,856,000 acres of land in East Florida in the years from 1764 to 1770, while issuing orders for only 2,108,000 acres in Nova Scotia, New York, Quebec, and West Florida combined. Of the 227 orders for East Florida, 122 were issued in 1767, …

East Florida As A Loyalist Haven, Linda K. Williams

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the American Revolution broke out, East Florida, a British colony since 1763, supported the mother country and offered refuge to those in other American colonies who were loyal to the crown. East Florida became a loyalist haven when George III ordered Governor Patrick Tonyn to issue a proclamation in November 1775 inviting them to come to St. Augustine. Tonyn was also authorized “for the encouragement of such persons as may under these cruel Circumstances be induced to seek a happy Asylum in the Province, to make out for them gratuitous Grants of Land exempt from Quit Rents for Ten …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THREE VOYAGES, by René Laudonnière, translated by Charles E. Bennett, reviewed by Robert A. Matter; THE FLORIDA EXPERIENCE: LAND AND WATER POLICY IN A GROWTH STATE, by Luther J. Carter, reviewed by John K. Mahon; JOHN JAMES TIGERT: AMERICAN EDUCATOR, by George Coleman Osborn, reviewed by Henry L. Swint; LAND FROM THE SEA: THE GEOLOGIC STORY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, by John Edward Hoffmeister, reviewed by H.. K. Brooks; THE EUROPEAN DISCOVERY OF AMERICA: THE SOUTHERN VOYAGES, A. D. 1492-1616, by Samuel Eliot Morison, reviewed by Ursula Lamb; IN DEFENSE OF THE INDIANS: THE DEFENSE OF THE MOST REVEREND LORD, DON …

Fort Foster: A Second Seminole War Fort, Michael G. Schene

Florida Historical Quarterly

On November 4, 1836, Major General Thomas Sidney Jesup, recent quatermaster general of the army, was appointed supreme commander in Florida. His orders carried specific instructions to campaign along the Withlacoochee River, occupy the country between this river and Tampa Bay, and establish forts at strategic points in the interior that would ensure safety for the settlers and provide regular supplies for his command.

Civil War Letters Of Colonel David Lang, Bertram H. Groene

Florida Historical Quarterly

David Lang was born in Camden County, Georgia, in 1838, the oldest son among Robert and Margaret Lang’s seven children. Earlier his father had lived in Nassau County, Florida. After graduating from Georgia Military Academy in Marietta in 1857, Robert Lang returned to Florida with his family, settling near White Springs, where his son David became surveyor for Suwannee County.

Population Structure In Hispanic St. Augustine, 1629-1763, Theodore G. Corbett

Florida Historical Quarterly

Recent study of population in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American and European communities is providing new insights into the nature of their social existence. Such studies depend not only upon the traditional census, but utilize a variety of sources, including parish registers, tax and tribute rolls, musters, and genealogical material.1 The use of these sources for the counting of individuals and the arrangement of aggregate figures into tables may seem to produce a rigidly scientific and arid form of history, but in reality these figures do much to explain the everyday life experience of a past community. There is no better …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

MINORCANS IN FLORIDA: THEIR HISTORY AND HERITAGE, by Jane Quinn, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FLORIDA AND ITS BORDERLANDS, edited by Samuel Proctor, reviewed by J. Barton Starr; KNIGHTS OF THE FOURTH ESTATE: THE STORY OF THE MIAMI HERALD, by Nixon Smiley, reviewed by Donald W. Curl; ED BALL: CONFUSION TO THE ENEMY, by Leon Odell Griffith, reviewed by Peter D. Klingman; JOHN HOLLIDAY PERRY, FLORIDA PRESS LORD, by Leon Odell Griffith, reviewed by Thomas Graham; ANTE-BELLUM PENSACOLA AND THE MILITARY PRESENCE, by Ernest F. Dibble, reviewed by John K. Mahon; TESTIMONY TO PIONEER BAPTISTS: THE ORIGIN AND …