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"Clothes Make Men": Clothing And The Embodiment Of Gender In Virginia, 1750-1775, Rhiannon O'Neil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study explores how late colonial Virginians used clothing to control, enforce, and negotiate gender. Gender, both as a system of power and as a category of social identity, became linked with the material forms of clothing that Virginians wore in their everyday lives. The identification of clothing with the body enabled Virginians to actively make choices about how to perform themselves to the wider culture of observation and perception present in the colony. Dress was ubiquitous, but its meanings were variable, changing, and unstable. In eighteenth-century Virginia, Anglo-descended colonists imported ideals from Britain, which then produced Chesapeake-specific gender relationships, …

Reluctant Republican, Nominal Democrat: Harry F. Byrd Sr. And Modern Republican Conservatism, Noah Allen - Darden

Honors Theses

A consideration of the life and politics of Senator Harry F. Byrd provides further evidence that some Southern legislators broke with the national Democratic Party as early as the 1940s and articulated the main tenets of contemporary Southern conservative politics. A consideration of the internal struggles of the Democratic Party in Virginia within the context of the broader political landscape highlights the significance of Byrd’s career in the Senate and his role in the national Democratic party. In addition, this thesis will consider why Senator Byrd decided to remain in the Democratic party for the entirety of his career when …

The Impact Of The United States Army Nurses Corps On The United States Army Fatality Rate In The Mediterranean And European Theater Of Operations During World War Ii, Joshua Benjamin Groomes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

World War II was the most devastating war in human history in terms of loss of life. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, plunged the United States into war. Less than seven thousand military nurses were on active duty at the time of the attack. By the end of the war, there were over fifty-thousand active-duty nurses. The army nurses performed under fire in field and evacuation hospitals, on hospital trains and ships, and as flight nurses on medical evacuation transport aircraft. The skill and dedication of the Army Nurses Corps insured a 95% survival rate …

A Select Examination Of The Historiography Of The Causes Of The War Of 1812, Shiva Czuba

History Theses

This thesis examines a selection of literature concerning the causes of the War of 1812. While named America’s “forgotten” war, many historians have attempted to examine the political landscape that led to the newly formed United States to declare war on England in 1812. While maritime concerns have primarily been seen as the cause, this thesis will examine how that historiography has changed throughout the past two hundred years.

Chapter one, entitled “Early Interpretations: Maritime Grievances” examines the works of Alexander James Dallas, Henry Marie Brackenridge, Richard Hildreth, Gilbert Auchinleck, and Henry Adams. Chapter two, entitled “Changing Interpretations” looks at …

The Spark That Lit The Match: The Use Of Petitions And The Emergence Of Antislavery Politicians In The Movement To Abolish Slavery In The District Of Columbia, 1816-1829, Timothy Brown

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The United States capital, Washington, D.C., became the focus of antislavery advocates in their quest to eliminate the domestic slave trade and slavery. By the War of 1812, the domestic slave trade was thriving in the capital. However, many saw it as particularly embarrassing to a nation predicated on the concept of freedom. This embarrassment was even felt by proslavery Southerners. Beginning in 1816, an attempt to restrict the trade in the Capital occurred when Virginia Congressman John Randolph called for the destruction of the domestic slave trade there. Despite being proslavery, he argued that the federal government, as the …

The Sun In Its Glory: The Diffusion Of Jonathan Dymond’S Works In The United States, 1831-1836, Jennifer Rycenga

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The English Quaker and linen-draper Jonathan Dymond (1796-1828) is best known for his strong philosophic articulation of the testimony against war. The first American edition of Dymond’s work, though, was published not by Quakers but by a small group of activist-thinkers in north-eastern Connecticut, the Windham County Peace Society, which issued a thousand copies of Dymond’s The Applicability of the Pacific Principles of the New Testament to the Conduct of States in the spring of 1832. Dymond’s systematic moral philosophy extended into many corners of the burgeoning philanthropic movements in New England, most notably among Immediate Abolitionists, within the Peace …

[Dis]Assembling Race: The Fepc In Oklahoma, 1941-1946, Arley Ward

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

On the World War II home front in Oklahoma the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) succeeded in securing defense jobs for African Americans. The efforts of the committee, The Oklahoma Eagle, the Oklahoma City Black Dispatch, and the State Conference of Branches of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) advanced civil rights in Oklahoma throughout World War II and beyond. The efforts of the FEPC in Oklahoma connect civil rights efforts in the 1940s directly to Brown v Board of Education, (1954) and the classic civil rights movement.

Campbell Town: French Huguenots In British West Florida, J. Barton Starr

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Treaty of Paris signed between France, Spain, and England in 1763, transferred Spanish Florida and French Louisiana to the Mississippi River to Great Britain. With the Proclamation of 1763, this property became British West Florida. Almost immediately an extensive publicity campaign began to attract settlers to the Gulf coast of Florida. Typical of such propaganda were the sentiments of George Johnstone, newly-appointed governor of West Florida: "Upon the whole, whether we regard the situation or the climate, West Florida bids fair to be the emporium as well as the most pleasant part of the New World."

Continuity In Commerce: Development Of The Panton, Leslie And Company Trade Monopoly In West Florida, Thomas D. Watson

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the year 1782 drew to an end, the framers of Indian policy in British East Florida found themselves in a quandary. Although the evacuation of Savannah and Charleston signaled the end of military campaigning, the precise status of the British Empire in postwar North America remained unknown. To Thomas Brown, Indian superintendent of the Southern District, and Governor Patrick Tonyn, this uncertainty was a matter of real concern; numerous deputations of Indians—some from as far as the Great Lakes region— had descended on St. Augustine seeking assurances of continued British support. The officials responded by encouraging the Indians to …

Brigadier Frederick Haldimand - The Florida Years, Robert R. Rea

Florida Historical Quarterly

The British colonies of East and West Florida were the fruits of one war and fell from the grasp of George III as the result of another. Throughout their brief history runs a common theme: both were part of a military frontier and to both the presence of British army units was of prime importance— economically, administratively, and socially. Their civil governors were men of modest competence at best. Trade never developed as profitably as merchants hoped, nor did immigrants rush to claim their untilled soil. But the army provided a degree of stability, as well as security, in spite …

The East Florida Society Of London, 1766-1767, George C. Rogers, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the great speculation in American lands that preceded the American Revolution, there was more interest in the real estate of East Florida than in the property of any other region of British America. Charles Loch Mowat stated in his seminal study on British East Florida that the Privy Council in London issued orders in council for 2,856,000 acres of land in East Florida in the years from 1764 to 1770, while issuing orders for only 2,108,000 acres in Nova Scotia, New York, Quebec, and West Florida combined. Of the 227 orders for East Florida, 122 were issued in 1767, …

Governor George Johnstone Of British West Florida, R. F. A. Fabel

Florida Historical Quarterly

George Johnstone was the first governor of British West Florida. His activities from his arrival at Pensacola in October 1764, to his departure in January 1767, have inspired detailed by narrow description. What nobody has sufficiently considered are the reasons for his appointment as governor and the circumstances surrounding the loss of this office. These omissions are worthy of examination. It is surprising that a junior naval officer with a spotty record should have been selected for one of the more lucrative colonial governorships. Even more astonishing is that a man who proved to be the most vigorous and possibly …

East Florida As A Loyalist Haven, Linda K. Williams

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the American Revolution broke out, East Florida, a British colony since 1763, supported the mother country and offered refuge to those in other American colonies who were loyal to the crown. East Florida became a loyalist haven when George III ordered Governor Patrick Tonyn to issue a proclamation in November 1775 inviting them to come to St. Augustine. Tonyn was also authorized “for the encouragement of such persons as may under these cruel Circumstances be induced to seek a happy Asylum in the Province, to make out for them gratuitous Grants of Land exempt from Quit Rents for Ten …

Blacks In British East Florida, J. Leitch Wright, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Blacks began arriving in Spanish Florida in the early sixteenth century soon after the appearance of Europeans, and from that point on they constituted a significant minority of the population, if not an absolute majority. During the British era, 1763-1784, blacks outnumbered whites. Except for rare instances, scholars interested in Negro history at any time during Florida’s lengthy colonial era will search in vain for published books and articles. A stroll 200 years ago through rice and indigo fields and through sugar houses of St. Johns River plantations or a visit to St. Augustine’s public market on the plaza and …

Florida History Research In Progress, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

This list shows the amount and variety of Florida history research and writing currently underway and as reported to the Florida Historical Quarterly. Doctoral dissertations and masters theses completed in 1975 are included. Research in Florida history, sociology, anthropology, political science, archeology, geography, and urban studies is included.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THREE VOYAGES, by René Laudonnière, translated by Charles E. Bennett, reviewed by Robert A. Matter; THE FLORIDA EXPERIENCE: LAND AND WATER POLICY IN A GROWTH STATE, by Luther J. Carter, reviewed by John K. Mahon; JOHN JAMES TIGERT: AMERICAN EDUCATOR, by George Coleman Osborn, reviewed by Henry L. Swint; LAND FROM THE SEA: THE GEOLOGIC STORY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, by John Edward Hoffmeister, reviewed by H.. K. Brooks; THE EUROPEAN DISCOVERY OF AMERICA: THE SOUTHERN VOYAGES, A. D. 1492-1616, by Samuel Eliot Morison, reviewed by Ursula Lamb; IN DEFENSE OF THE INDIANS: THE DEFENSE OF THE MOST REVEREND LORD, DON …

Fort Foster: A Second Seminole War Fort, Michael G. Schene

Florida Historical Quarterly

On November 4, 1836, Major General Thomas Sidney Jesup, recent quatermaster general of the army, was appointed supreme commander in Florida. His orders carried specific instructions to campaign along the Withlacoochee River, occupy the country between this river and Tampa Bay, and establish forts at strategic points in the interior that would ensure safety for the settlers and provide regular supplies for his command.

Population Structure In Hispanic St. Augustine, 1629-1763, Theodore G. Corbett

Florida Historical Quarterly

Recent study of population in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American and European communities is providing new insights into the nature of their social existence. Such studies depend not only upon the traditional census, but utilize a variety of sources, including parish registers, tax and tribute rolls, musters, and genealogical material.1 The use of these sources for the counting of individuals and the arrangement of aggregate figures into tables may seem to produce a rigidly scientific and arid form of history, but in reality these figures do much to explain the everyday life experience of a past community. There is no better …

Madison County's Sea Island Cotton Industry, 1870-1916, Clifton Paisley

Florida Historical Quarterly

The demand for cotton with a silky fiber, great tensile strength, and a staple at least one and five-eighths inches in length created a boom in the growing of Sea Island cotton in North Florida and South Georgia during the last third of the nineteenth century. Although Sea Island never comprised more than one per cent of the cotton grown in the United States, the use of its long-staple fibers for fine fabrics, laces, thread, and eventually for automobile tires enabled “long cotton,” as it was called, to command a price that was double and sometimes triple that paid for …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

MINORCANS IN FLORIDA: THEIR HISTORY AND HERITAGE, by Jane Quinn, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FLORIDA AND ITS BORDERLANDS, edited by Samuel Proctor, reviewed by J. Barton Starr; KNIGHTS OF THE FOURTH ESTATE: THE STORY OF THE MIAMI HERALD, by Nixon Smiley, reviewed by Donald W. Curl; ED BALL: CONFUSION TO THE ENEMY, by Leon Odell Griffith, reviewed by Peter D. Klingman; JOHN HOLLIDAY PERRY, FLORIDA PRESS LORD, by Leon Odell Griffith, reviewed by Thomas Graham; ANTE-BELLUM PENSACOLA AND THE MILITARY PRESENCE, by Ernest F. Dibble, reviewed by John K. Mahon; TESTIMONY TO PIONEER BAPTISTS: THE ORIGIN AND …

José Alejandro Huau: A Cuban Patriot In Jacksonville Politics, Gustavo J. Godoy

Florida Historical Quarterly

On Sunday afternoon, April 9, 1905, the long funeral procession of José Alejandro Huau moved at a slow pace to the Old City Cemetery in East Jacksonville, Florida. United States Senator James P. Taliaferro, the former Jacksonville mayor, Judge Morris A. Dzialynski, and a large entourage of dignitaries, honorary pall bearers, and other mourners rode in the flag-draped carriages. Many people came on foot. The procession included a large Masonic honor guard. A huge array of floral wreaths surrounded the burial site, as Jacksonville lamented the loss of one of its most esteemed citizens.

The Spaniards And William Augustus Bowles In Florida, 1799-1803, Robert Allen Matter

Florida Historical Quarterly

Napoleon Bonaparte by 1799 had either conquered his European enemies or had pacified them, and only Great Britain stood between him and complete mastery of the continent. Spain since 1795 had been a rather reluctant ally of France, and thus her coast and the coasts of her colonies, including those along the Gulf coast, had become subject to the depredations of almost overwhelming British sea power. To further plague the Spaniards another problem materialized in 1799—the return to Florida of William Augustus Bowles.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

NOR IS IT OVER YET: FLORIDA IN THE ERA OF RECONSTRUCTION, 1863-1877, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by T. Harry Williams; SWAMP SAILORS: RIVERINE WARFARE IN THE EVERGLADES, 1835-1842, by George E. Buker, reviewed by Clark G. Reynolds; MARJORIE KINMAN RAWLINGS, by Samuel I. Bellman, reviewed by Gloria Jahoda; FLORIDA PLACE NAMES, by Allen Morris, reviewed by Pat Dodson; FLORIDA: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH, by Robert B. Marcus and Edward A. Fernald, reviewed by Alan Craig; A HISTORY OF FRENCH LOUISIANA, VOLUME ONE, THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV, 1698-1715, by Marcel Giraud, translated by Joseph C. Lambert, reviewed by A. P. …

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notice of the Annual Meeting, Awards, Wentworth Foundation Grant, Activities and Announcements,

A Padrone Looks At Florida: Labor Recruiting And The Florida East Coast Railway, George E. Pozzetta

Florida Historical Quarterly

The years surrounding the turn of the present century consituted a golden era of railroad construction and consolidation in Florida’s history. It was during this period that developer Henry B. Plant absorbed many small lines, pushed his steel rails to Florida’s west coast, and insured the future significance of Tampa Bay. William D. Chipley, “Mr. Railroad of West Florida,” constructed lines throughout the panhandle and invested heavily in the port of Pensacola. The railroad man epitomizing this age’s spirit of optimism and enterprise, however, was Standard Oil millionaire Henry M. Flagler, who chose the east coast of Florida as his …

Missions In The Defense Of Spanish Florida, 1566-1710, Robert Allen Matter

Florida Historical Quarterly

Students of Colonial Latin America generally credit its Indian mission systems as effective instruments of frontier defense. A study of the Spanish missions of Florida does not support this thesis. The “paper” bulwark provided by the Florida missions when challenged could represent a significant exception to the alleged importance of the defense role of the church in the Indies. Or, it could reveal that the missionaries played an ineffective part in the defense of Latin-American frontiers. Regardless, Florida’s story suggests the need for a critical re-examination of the premise that religious missions held strategic areas beyond the line of established …

Vicente Pazos, Agent For The Amelia Island Filibusters, 1818, Charles H. Bowman, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

The appearance of a North American squadron under John D. Henley and a land force under James Bankhead at the mouth of the St. Marys River on December 18, 1817, with orders to move against Luis Aury and his establishment on Amelia Island, compelled the filibusters to abandon posthaste their illfated Republic of the Floridas. Aury had occupied the island since September under the flag of Mexico. It was obvious that the North American fighting power was superior to any that Aury could muster and that surrender of the island was inevitable.

Reminiscences Of A Lector: Cuban Cigar Workers In Tampa, Louis A. Perez, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the latter half of the nineteenth century, increased tobacco imports revived the historico-economic nexus between Cuba and Florida. In Key West, Tampa, Ocala, and Jacksonville cigar factories opened to process Havana tobacco. Thousands of Cubans arrived in Florida to work and most of them established themselves permanently.

Florida Gubernatorial Politics: The Fuller Warren Years, David R. Colburn

Florida Historical Quarterly

Inaguration Day, January 3, 1949, dawned overcast and rainy in Tallahassee. The inclement weather, however, did not dampen the enthusiasm of a large crowd that lined the route from the executive mansion to the capitol to greet the new governor, Fuller Warren. With typical inaugural fanfare, Warren was escorted to the steps of the capitol by marching guardsmen and a band which periodically broke into a rendition of “Suwannee River,” the state song. After taking the oath of office, Warren gave a brief inaugural address in which he called for governmental economy, pine tree prosperity, citrus reform, increased tourism, and …

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida Bicentennial Symposium, Florida College Teachers of History, State and Local History Awards, Announcements and Activities, Local Societies and Commissions, Notes