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New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill
New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill
Florida Historical Quarterly
Grant, the first governor of the British province of East Florida, arrived at St. Augustine in 1763 with a determination to prioritize Indian diplomacy. He desperately wanted to avoid violence between settlers and the neighboring Creek Indians, as he feared that internecine warfare on the frontier would scare potential immigrants from moving to the colony. The governor sought peaceful relations, not as a humanitarian aim, but as a means of advancing his goal of developing East Florida. To this end, Grant devised what he called a "new system" for the management of Indian affairs. This "new system," actually relied on …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Stojanowski, Mission Cemeteries, Mission Peoples: Historical and Evolutionary Dimensions of Intracemetery Bioarchaeology in Spanish Florida. by Robert L. Thunen; Block, Ordinary Lives in the Early Caribbean: Religion, Colonial Competition, and the Politics of Profit. by Kris Lane; Watson, Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821. by Jimmy L. Bryan Jr; Harvey, Moses,Jesus, and the Trickster in the Evangelical South. by Bill J. Leonard; Taylor, Reconstructing the Native South: American Indian Literature and the Lost Cause. by Mick Gidley; Zieger, Life and Labor in the New New South. by Erik S. Gellman; Kahrl, The Land Was Ours: …
Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch
Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch
Florida Historical Quarterly
James William Allen's career as a Confederate soldier lasted only six months; he doubled over with a hernia and was discharged on the last day of 1861.2 His reaction to this medical condition is unknown since Allen left no letters,journal, or public pronouncement. Did he have dreams of military glory that were squashed by his rather inglorious medical condition? After all, Allen's unit, the St. Augustine Blues, had moved only 60 miles up the road to Fernandina.3 He had not left his home state nor, we assume, had he fired a weapon except to practice his marksmanship. However, judging by …
An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin
An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin
Florida Historical Quarterly
In June 1850, several months before the United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, a runaway slave from Pensacola, Florida, became embroiled in the growing sectional conflict. The bondsman's name was Adam, and he was a twenty-one year old blacksmith at the Pensacola Navy Yard who snuck aboard the brig Mary Farrow just prior to its departure for New England. When the ship's captain discovered the stowaway in the ship's hold three days after embarking, he ordered a keelhauling, an archaic punishment whereby victims were thrown overboard and dragged by a rope underneath the boat's keel; the crew refused …
The Role Of Cattle Ranching In The 1656 Timucuan Rebellion: A Struggle For Land, Labor, And Chiefly Power, Justin B. Blanton
The Role Of Cattle Ranching In The 1656 Timucuan Rebellion: A Struggle For Land, Labor, And Chiefly Power, Justin B. Blanton
Florida Historical Quarterly
Late in the spring of 1656, the principle cacique of Timucua, Lucas Menendez, led a group of twenty Indians on an attack of the La Chua cattle ranch of north Florida.1 The raiding Indians murdered a Spanish soldier and two African slaves in addition to slaughtering all the cattle. Lucas Menendez spared the surprised ranch owner, Juan Menendez Marquez, but ordered him to abandon the ranch and leave Florida for Spain.2 These events, together with four other murders in the Western Timucua mission province, are known as the Timucuan rebellion.
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Jennings, New Worlds of Violence: Cultures and Conquests in the Early American Southeast. by David A. Nichols; Frank and Kilbride, eds, Southern Character: Essays in Honor of Bertram Wyatt-Broum. by Adam Tate; Carey, Sold Down the River: Slavery in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia. by Lauren K. Thompson; Bush, I Fear I Shall Never Leave This Island: Life in a Civil War Prison. by Steven J. Ramold; Barnes, ed., The Materiality of Freedom: Archaeologies of Postemanicipation Life. by Stacy Pratt McDermott; Way, Conerving Southern Longleaf: Herbert Stoddard and the Rise of Ecological Land Management. by Tom Okie; …
Pirate, Priest, And Slave: Spanish Florida In The 1668 Searles Raid, Diana Reigelsperger
Pirate, Priest, And Slave: Spanish Florida In The 1668 Searles Raid, Diana Reigelsperger
Florida Historical Quarterly
On the night of May 28, 1668, an English pirate named Robert Searles launched a raid on the city of St. Augustine, Florida. He stole silver and other valuable goods, held for ransom the daughters of wealthy families, and carried off black and Native American residents to sell as slaves to the labor-hungry Caribbean.1 Governor Francisco de la Guerra y de la Vega (1664-1671) managed to reach the fort with some of the soldiers and prevent the pirates from taking it, but he could not stop them from sacking the city. Before leaving, Searles measured the depth of the water …
Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan
Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan
Florida Historical Quarterly
The status of indigenous chiefs in the Americas was acknowledged by Spaniards in 1492.1 This resulted in a hierarchical social order of republics, including "a Republic of Spaniards, a Republic of Indians, and a "third order" of free blacks and mixed bloods ... presumed to have an African taint."2 During the seventeenth century, this framework became an important element in structuring the Indies and other colonies such as La Florida.3 In exchange for allegiance and tribute obligations, chiefs received special privileges, immunities, honorific titles, and material gifts that reinforced their status. However, the recognition of native nobility and indigenous political …
St. Augustine In The Seventeenth-Century: Capital Of La Florida, Susan Richbourg Parker
St. Augustine In The Seventeenth-Century: Capital Of La Florida, Susan Richbourg Parker
Florida Historical Quarterly
In 1600 St. Augustine was the only European settlement in today's United States and the capital of Spain's territory known as La Florida.1 The city was thirty-five years old as the sixteenth century blended into the seventeenth. Threats to St. Augustine's survival began and ended the seventeenth century. The Spanish crown's 1602 investigation about whether to retain St. Augustine began the century. A hundred years later the 1702 siege and burning by invaders from English Carolina ended the century. In between those events, St. Augustine endured decades of epidemics and the rise of piracy. The last third of the century …
"These People Are Not Conquered Like Those Of New Spain": Florida's Reciprocal Colonial Compact, Amy Turner Bushnell
"These People Are Not Conquered Like Those Of New Spain": Florida's Reciprocal Colonial Compact, Amy Turner Bushnell
Florida Historical Quarterly
In 1605, Pedro de Ybarra, Governor of Florida, sent a terse note to Fray Benito de Blasco, a missionary who had gone behind his back to send his own envoy to the wild coast south of St. Augustine. "These people are not conquered like those of New Spain," he warned him. "This is a new land."1 As the Spanish extended their influence over the New World, they encountered a broad range of environments and peoples, and how they related to them differed from place to place. The maritime periphery of Florida, which included parts of present-day South Carolina, Georgia, and …
The Geopolitics Of Seventeenth-Century Florida, Jane Landers
The Geopolitics Of Seventeenth-Century Florida, Jane Landers
Florida Historical Quarterly
Scholars have dubbed the seventeenth century Spain's "Century of Depression." European wars and a cycle of disastrous droughts and epidemics (1597-1602, 1640s and 1680s) followed by famines severely strained Spain's financial and administrative resources. The general crisis was exacerbated by declines in American silver revenues caused by the demographic collapse of the native labor pools in New Spain and Peru. These multiple disasters combined to bring low the once glorious Spanish empire. After a series of bankruptcies Spain resorted to devaluing its currency. To prop up the enfeebled state, it impounded private silver, refused to pay debts, and finally was …
The Historiography Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Jane Landers
The Historiography Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Jane Landers
Florida Historical Quarterly
The historiography of seventeenth-century La Florida (which Spain claimed reached from the Florida Keys north to Newfoundland and west to "the mines of Mexico") is, like the Spanish empire itself, less rich than its sixteenth-century counterpart. This is primarily because the declension narrative for this period lacks the drama of the early explorations and the martyrdoms of devoted missionaries which were the focus of much of the sixteenth-century literature. Most scholars trained in colonial Latin American history, as I was, focused not on Florida, but rather on sites deemed more important: the great indigenous empires and Spanish conquests of New …
Early Jail And Prison Conditions Litigation In The Middle District Court, William J. Sheppard
Early Jail And Prison Conditions Litigation In The Middle District Court, William J. Sheppard
Florida Historical Quarterly
Today, jails and prisons throughout the Middle District of Florida (Middle District) are hardly places a person would want to spend the night. However, those currently incarcerated in the Middle District have had many rights secured for them which did not exist prior to the existence of that Court. The story of prison reform in the Middle District illustrates the power hardworking, courageous pro se plaintiffs, attorneys, and judges can wield to ensure all inmates receive the constitutional liberties and protections to which they are entitled.
Constitutional Law: Eradicating The Effects Of Past Purposeful Racial Discrimination In The Public School System, Alexandra Moore
Constitutional Law: Eradicating The Effects Of Past Purposeful Racial Discrimination In The Public School System, Alexandra Moore
Florida Historical Quarterly
In 1979, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida issued the seminal decision of Debra P. v. Turlington, which would help pave the way for creating a public school system that was no longer marred by past racial discrimination. Judge George C. Carr presided for the court and ruled that requiring students to pass a functional literacy test before receiving a high school diploma disproportionately barred black students from receiving diplomas due to the inferior education they had received as a result of the past segregation of public schools.2 Judge Carr held that the testing requirement …
Conquerors, Peacekeepers, Or Both? The U.S. Army And West Florida, 1810-1811, A New Perspective, Samuel Wilson
Conquerors, Peacekeepers, Or Both? The U.S. Army And West Florida, 1810-1811, A New Perspective, Samuel Wilson
Florida Historical Quarterly
The Louisiana Purchase did not remove Spanish posts along the east bank of the Mississippi River. These posts could still choke off commerce at New Orleans, and American leaders immediately began pressing Spain to cede West Florida. Spain rejected U.S. demands, Napoleon refused to compel its acquiescence, and U.S officials became increasingly belligerent. The commanding general of the U.S. Army, Brigadier General James Wilkinson, repeatedly sought permission to seize West Florida, an area that included the eastern parishes of Louisiana and parts of present day Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. President Jefferson's reluctance to mobilize an adequate force precluded military action …
The Florida Historical Society Presents An Original Courtroom Drama: Ponce De Leon Landed Here!!, Benjamin D. Brotemarkle
The Florida Historical Society Presents An Original Courtroom Drama: Ponce De Leon Landed Here!!, Benjamin D. Brotemarkle
Florida Historical Quarterly
Juan Ponce de Leon's first visit to Florida in 1513, changed the course of history. The people who had inhabited this land for more than ten thousand years would have their existence forever altered. Ponce's "discovery" of the Gulf Stream paved the way for the first European colonization of America, and he gave our state its name.
Looking For Angola: An Archaeological And Ethnohistorical Search For A Nineteenth Century Florida Maroon Community And Its Caribbean Connections, Rosalyn Howard
Looking For Angola: An Archaeological And Ethnohistorical Search For A Nineteenth Century Florida Maroon Community And Its Caribbean Connections, Rosalyn Howard
Florida Historical Quarterly
The "Looking for Angola" project (LFA) commenced on December 12, 2004 when shovels broke ground on the south side of the Manatee River at the point where it meets the Braden River. Based upon historical research, this area is believed to be the former location of Angola. Historian John Lee Williams referred to it as "Negro Point,"1 but in a land claim document filed by two Cuban fishermen it was labeled "Angola."2 The groundbreaking marked the realization of Project Director Vickie Oldham's wish to relate the story of early African American settlers in the Tampa Bay-Sarasota area of Florida. While …
Florida In Publications, 2012, Florida Historical Society
Florida In Publications, 2012, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
No abstract provided.
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Granberry, The Calusa: Linguistic and Cultural Origins and Relationships. by Peter Ferdinando; Rivers, Rebels and Runaways: Slave Resistance in 19th Century Florida. by Douglas R. Egerton; Lowther, The African American Odyssey of John Kizell: A South Carolina Slave Returns to Fight the Slave "Trade in His African Homeland. by Kari J. Winter; Gannon, The Won Cause: Black and White Comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic. by J. Matthew Gallman; Milanich and Root, Hidden Seminoles: Julian Dimock's Historic Florida Photographs. by Patsy West; Noble, The U. S. Coast Guard's War on Human Smuggling. by William M. Fowler, Jr.; Antequino …
Documents And Notes: Letters Of Major Hann, Paul S. Losch
Documents And Notes: Letters Of Major Hann, Paul S. Losch
Florida Historical Quarterly
No abstract provided.
The Fleeting Fame Of Florida's Filibuster, "Major" Frank Hann, Paul S. Losch
The Fleeting Fame Of Florida's Filibuster, "Major" Frank Hann, Paul S. Losch
Florida Historical Quarterly
For three months in 1895, newspaper readers across the United States followed the heroic adventures of Major F. P. Hann, an American volunteer fighting to free Cuba from Spanish oppression. Hann's thirteen letters offered eyewitness accounts from the island's battlefields during the early days of the Cuban War of Independence. The ninth of these letters ran in at least 90 papers, including some well-known today, such as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Atlanta Constitution and the San Francisco Chronicle, and it described the arrival from Key West of" 100 men, 1,000 repeating rifles, 2,000,000 rounds of ammunition …
Shipwrecked In The Atlantic World: Reevaluating Jonathan Dickinson's Interactions With Native Peoples Along Florida's Southeastern Coast, Jason Daniels
Florida Historical Quarterly
As the sun rose upon the mangled and beleaguered Reformation on October 23, 1696, Jonathan Dickinson, an Anglo-Jamaican planter in the process of relocating his mercantile affairs to Philadelphia, found himself shipwrecked hundreds of miles from the nearest European colony and stranded amongst Native Americans.2 For modern scholars, Dickinson's account of his two-month odyssey from present-day Jupiter Island to Spanish St. Augustine has proved to be an indispensable ethnographical tract for examining Native Americans living south of the Spanish mission provinces during the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Nevertheless, this complicated and inscrutable text, like much of the Florida peninsula, remains …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Carlisle and Carlisle, Forts of Florida: A Guidebook. by Robert B. Kane; Feller, Moss, and Coens, eds., The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume 8, 1830. by Ellen C. Hickman; Oickle, The Man with the Branded Hand: The Life of Jonathan Walker, Abolitionist. by Tom Calarco; Sheppard, By the Noble Daring of Her Sons: The Florida Brigade of the Army of Tennessee. by John R. Lundberg; Loewen and Sebesta, eds., The Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The "Great Truth" about the "Lost Cause." by Benjamin G. Cloyd; Knetsch and Wynne, Florida in the Spanish-American War. by Charles McGraw; King, Devil in the …
Sixteenth-Century Florida In The European Imagination, John Mcgrath
Sixteenth-Century Florida In The European Imagination, John Mcgrath
Florida Historical Quarterly
What we call Florida today is the nearest part of the American mainland to the spot where Columbus landed in 1492, while North America's east coast is also the closest part of the New World to Europe's Atlantic ports. Despite the proximity, Florida remained a mysterious, perplexing land throughout the sixteenth century. For over a century, rumors and legends of various kinds of riches promised rewards to those who could find them, yet successive attempts to explore and settle were frustrating or even disastrous. By 1600, the only lasting European footprint in Florida was St. Augustine, a small outpost that …
Entangled Borderlands: Europeans And Timucuans In Sixteenth-Century Florida, Jonathan Decoster
Entangled Borderlands: Europeans And Timucuans In Sixteenth-Century Florida, Jonathan Decoster
Florida Historical Quarterly
In February 1566, grisly news reached the Norman port cities of Dieppe and Le Havre. The French Huguenot colonists, who had left those ports for Florida less than two years previously, had been cruelly slaughtered by Spaniards. An open letter to France's king, purportedly written by the widows and orphans of the victims, was quickly published in an attempt to prod the crown into action. "The blood of your poor subjects, thus treacherously spilt, cries out before God for vengeance," it exclaimed.1 When the crown seemed deaf to the public outcry, a private citizen, Dominique de Gourgues, felt driven to …
The Historiography Of Sixteenth-Century La Florida, Paul E. Hoffman
The Historiography Of Sixteenth-Century La Florida, Paul E. Hoffman
Florida Historical Quarterly
The sixteenth-century history of what the Spaniards called La Florida (roughly the entire Southeastern United States)1 starts with what to us is a mystery and ends nearly as obscurely after passing a number of well-known and oft-narrated episodes of exploration, Pedro Menendez de Aviles' founding of an enduring colony as part of the Franco-Spanish "cold war" of 1559-1593, the martyrdoms of Jesuit and then Franciscan missionaries (1571; 1597 respectively), and finally territorial rivalries as the English began their colonial ventures in eastern North America. Until the 1950s, the historiography of these well-known episodes generally reflected the interests of lay, clerical …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Johnson, Climate and Catastrophe in Cuba and the Atlantic World in the Age of Revolution. by Yovanna Pineda; Willis, Southern Prohibition: Race, Reform, and Public Life in Middle Florida, 1821-1920. by Joe L. Coker; Winter, The American Dreams of john B. Prentis, Slave Trader. by Phillip Hamilton; Pargas, The Quarters and the Fields: Slave Families in the Non-Cotton South. by Elizabeth Regosin; Moylan, Zora Neale Hurston's Final Decade. by Sharon L. Jones; Wilson, Flashes of a Southern Spirit: Meanings of the Spirit in the U.S. South. by Steven P. Miller; Dyckman, Reubin O'D. Askew and the Golden Age of Florida …
Florida's Carpenter Gothic Churches: Artistic Gems From A Victorian Past, Jack C. Lane
Florida's Carpenter Gothic Churches: Artistic Gems From A Victorian Past, Jack C. Lane
Florida Historical Quarterly
In 1930 a relatively little known regional artist named Grant Wood entered a competition at the Art Institute of Chicago where he won first place with a painting entitled "American Gothic." News sources across the country published the story of this event along with a photograph of the winning painting, which created a sensation previously unknown in the history of American art. "American Gothic," an iconic symbol of American rural life, became one of the world's best-known images. In the painting, two rural figures with stern sober appearances stand before a small Carpenter Gothic house. The figures dominate the painting …
The Peacock Inn: South Florida's First Hotel, Susannah Worth
The Peacock Inn: South Florida's First Hotel, Susannah Worth
Florida Historical Quarterly
Nestled along the shore of Biscayne Bay five miles south of Miami is the community of Coconut Grove. Founded in the 1870s, it sits atop a limestone ridge and still has a sizeable hardwood hammock (tropical forest). The location, the shade, and the availability of fresh water were certainly a lure to early settlers. One early settler it attracted was John Thomas 'Jolly Jack" Peacock, who lived in the bight which was named after him as 'Jack's Bight."
The Politics Of Performance: Rollins College And The Annie Russell Theatre, Joan M. Jensen
The Politics Of Performance: Rollins College And The Annie Russell Theatre, Joan M. Jensen
Florida Historical Quarterly
Today, Florida boasts important venues for the performing arts. Orlando is ringed by dozens of theme parks that furnish entertainment for masses of people seeking to sample "popular" culture. These popular forms of entertainment are a backdrop for the somewhat smaller stage of "elite" or "serious" performing arts: Ringling's Asolo Center for the Performing Arts in Sarasota and the Fringe Theater Festival in Miami, which attract thousands of people each year, are examples. These are two faces of the same human need for performance before an audience, and for spaces to gather the audiences.