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Entry Nr. 390 Adíbe, Aaron Spencer Fogleman, Robert Hanserd Mar 2022

Entry Nr. 390 Adíbe, Aaron Spencer Fogleman, Robert Hanserd

500 African Voices

No abstract provided.

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Florida's Flying Minute Men: The Civil Air Patrol, 1941-1943, Thomas Reilly Mar 2022

Florida's Flying Minute Men: The Civil Air Patrol, 1941-1943, Thomas Reilly

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the United States teetered on the brink of war, many worried that the country was woefully unprepared to defend its own shores. Several prominent Americans developed the idea of a civilian defense force to patrol the offshore waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. A committee headed by Gill Robb Wilson, National Aeronautic Association president and aviation editor for the New York Herald Tribune, presented a Civil Air Patrol (CAP) plan to Fiorello H. LaGuardia, director of the United States Civilian Defense, mayor of New York City, and World War I flyer. Unlike many …

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The Florida Architecture Of F. Burrall Hoffman Jr., 1882-1980, Donald W. Curl Mar 2022

The Florida Architecture Of F. Burrall Hoffman Jr., 1882-1980, Donald W. Curl

Florida Historical Quarterly

Everyone interested in Florida’s architectural history should know of Francis Burrall Hoffman Jr. and his connection to Miami’s great villa Vizcaya. Few realize he had a distinguished Florida career spanning over sixty years and designed buildings in several sections of the state. In fact, when the United States entered World War I in 1917, the thirty-five-year-old Hoffman may have been, in terms of cost of commissions, Florida’s most successful domestic architect. In only eight short years of private practice, Hoffman had designed Vizcaya, the Biscayne Bay mansion, for industrialist James Deering, large oceanfront residences in Palm Beach for Mrs. Frederick …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A HISTORY OF FLORIDA THROUGH NEW WORLD MAPS: BORDERS OF PARADISE, reviewed by Meaghan N. Duff; THE BLACK SEMINOLES: HISTORY OF A FREEDOM-SEEKING PEOPLE, reviewed by Daniel C. Littlefield; BASEBALL IN FLORIDA, reviewed by Daniel Gilmartin; COMMITMENT TO A COMMUNITY: A HISTORY OF SACRED HEART HOSPITAL, reviewed by William M. Straight; CREOLES OF COLOR OF THE GULF SOUTH, reviewed by Gary B. Mills; JOHN STUART AND THE STRUGGLE FOR EMPIRE ON THE SOUTHERN FRONTIER, reviewed by Andrew Frank; THE STRENGTH OF A PEOPLE: THE IDEA OF AN INFORMED CITIZENRY IN AMERICA, 1650-1870, reviewed by Harlow Sheidley; SLAVERY, CAPITALISM, AND POLITICS …

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Civil Rights And School Desegregation In Sanford, Patricia Dillon Mar 2022

Civil Rights And School Desegregation In Sanford, Patricia Dillon

Florida Historical Quarterly

The civil rights movement in the United States reached beyond the federal legislation that eradicated legal segregation. The movement also fundamentally transformed how white and black Americans interacted on a daily basis in small communities and large urban centers. Historians such as John Dittmer, William H. Chafe, and David R. Colburn have analyzed how national laws affected racial relations at the community level. While Dittmer and Chafe examined the movement in states traditionally associated with the civil rights movement— Mississippi and North Carolina respectively—Colburn looked at the movement in Florida, a state whose contemporary popular image as a tourist haven …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE FLORIDA KEYS: A HISTORY OF THE PIONEERS, by John Viele, reviewed by Rodney E. Dillon, Jr.; FATAL GLORY: NARCISO LOPEZ AND THE FIRST CLANDESTINE U.S. WAR AGAINST CUBA, by Tom Chaffin, reviewed by Antonio Rafael de la Cova; FROM WELCOMED EXILES TO ILLEGAL IMIMIGRANTS: CUBAN MIGRATION TO THE U.S., 1959-1995, by Felix Masud-Piloto, reviewed by Paul S. George; A CENTURY OF CUBAN WRITERS IN FLORIDA, edited by Carolina Hospital and Jorge Cantera, reviewed by Humberto López Cruz; THE PALEOINDIAN AND EARLY ARCHAIC SOUTHEAST, edited by David G. Anderson and Kenneth E. Sassaman, reviewed by Marion S. Gilliland; INTERPRETING EARLY …

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Something More Than A Creed: Mary Mcleod Bethune's Aim Of Integrated Autonomy As Director Of Negro Affairs, Christopher E. Linsin Mar 2022

Something More Than A Creed: Mary Mcleod Bethune's Aim Of Integrated Autonomy As Director Of Negro Affairs, Christopher E. Linsin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Hard work and divine inspiration remained central aspects of Mary McLeod Bethune’s character throughout her life. A strong and consistent advocate of racial uplift through industrial education and hard work, Bethune embraced Booker T. Washington’s educational perspectives and his advocacy of racial pride and group solidarity. Also sympathetic toward the position held by Washington’s ideological nemesis, William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, Bethune embraced notions of racial empowerment by seeking both black social autonomy and full integration into the white economic community. Melding the philosophies of both Washington and Du Bois, Mary McLeod Bethune embraced an ideological position that sought to …

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Ditches And Dreams: Nelson Fell And The Rise Of Fellsmere, Gordon Patterson Mar 2022

Ditches And Dreams: Nelson Fell And The Rise Of Fellsmere, Gordon Patterson

Florida Historical Quarterly

On April 28, 1911, both the St. Lucie Tribune and the Fort Pierce News published descriptions of an innovative land development project. The Fellsmere Farms Company proposed to drain 118,000 acres of land at the headwaters of the St. Johns River. Since 1910, the newly formed corporation had “shunned publicity, preferring to devote all the time, energy and money to development work.“1 Fellsmere Farms Company was the brainchild of Nelson Fell, an itinerant Englishman and hydraulic engineer with more than three decades of experience in directing land development in Florida. The company’s unusual name, a 1913 sales brochure explained, was …

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"Was I A Member Of Congress . . .": Zachary Taylor's Letter To John J. Crittenden, January 12, 1838, Concerning The Second Seminole War, Harry A. Kersey, Jr. Mar 2022

"Was I A Member Of Congress . . .": Zachary Taylor's Letter To John J. Crittenden, January 12, 1838, Concerning The Second Seminole War, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

On January 12, 1838, Colonel Zachary Taylor penned a letter to his close friend and confidant Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. Eighteen days earlier, on Christmas Day, 1837, Taylor’s command fought the largest and bloodiest pitched battle of the Second Seminole War at Lake Okeechobee. As he wrote from Fort Gardiner on the Kissimmee River, the army was preparing to extend its campaign even further inland.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE NEW HISTORY OF FLORIDA, edited by Michael Gannon, reviewed by Thomas Graham; PIONEER FAMILY: LIFE ON FLORIDA’S TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRONTIER, by Michel Oesterreicher, reviewed by James M. Denham; HUGH ROBINSON: PIONEER AVIATOR, by George L. Vergara, reviewed by James A. Schnur; HAVANA USA: CUBAN EXILES AND CUBAN AMERICANS IN SOUTH FLORIDA, 1959-1994, by Maria Cristina Garcia, reviewed by Charles W. Arnade; THE SEARCH FOR THOMAS F. WARD, TEACHER OF FREDERICK DELIUS, by Don C. Gillespie, reviewed by Wiley L. Housewright; FIFTY YEARS OF SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY: SELECTED WORKS OF JOHN W. GRIFFIN, edited by Patricia C. Griffin, reviewed by John H. …

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"Brasshats" And "Baby Fingers": The Battle Over Rural Education, Stephen D. Andrews Mar 2022

"Brasshats" And "Baby Fingers": The Battle Over Rural Education, Stephen D. Andrews

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in 1919, Grover Rogers returned to the cotton farms of Albertville, Alabama, after service in the “Great War.” Rogers had received his discharge six months earlier, and had worked his way slowly from Florida, through Georgia, and finally home to Alabama. Rocking on the front porch of his family’s sharecropping shack, Grover told an avid audience of family and neighbors about his travels. Along with tales of battle and Europe, he spoke of a hamlet called Plant City, Florida.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

JOSE MARTI IN THE UNITED STATES: THE FLORIDA EXPERIENCE, by Louis A. Perez, Jr., reviewed by Leland Hawes; FLORIDA’S PIONEER NATURALIST: THE LIFE OF CHARLES TORREY SIMPSON, by Elizabeth Ogren Rothra, reviewed by Dennis L. Scarnecchia, PANIC IN PARADISE: FLORIDA’S BANKING CRASH OF 1926, by Raymond B. Vickers, reviewed by John J. Guthrie, Jr.; THE FLORIDA LAND BOOM: SPECULATION, MONEY AND THE BANKS, by William Frazer and John J. Guthrie, Jr., reviewed by Raymond B. Vickers; FEMINA PERFECTA: THE GENESIS OF FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, by Robin Jeanne Sellers, reviewed by Tracey J. Revels; THE NAKED WARRIORS: THE STORY OF THE …

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Skilled Slave Labor In Florida: 1850-1860, Christopher E. Linsin Mar 2022

Skilled Slave Labor In Florida: 1850-1860, Christopher E. Linsin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Writing of the two weeks she had just spent in “oppression and misery” in Florida, Mary Chestnut, the opinionated South Carolina aristocrat, saw her trip through Fernandina to Charleston in 1860 as a return “to the world”— her world of the civilized South.1 While Florida towns such as Fernandina did not offer the fine cultural characteristics of Charleston, the peninsular state— especially the five counties comprising “Middle Florida”— was as much a part of the political, social, and economic world of the South as was South Carolina. Like the older state, Florida became one of the first members of the …

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Railroads, Farmers And Senatorial Politics: The Florida Commission In The 1890s, Tracy E. Danese Mar 2022

Railroads, Farmers And Senatorial Politics: The Florida Commission In The 1890s, Tracy E. Danese

Florida Historical Quarterly

The 1887 Florida Legislature created the state’s first Railroad Commission to curb monopoly abuses by railroad companies. 1 The legislation, which vested regulatory jurisdiction in a three-person commission appointed by the governor, was popular and suited to the reform tenor of the times. It had passed unanimously in the house and with only three dissenting votes in the senate. 2 Yet, in a peculiar twist of Florida political history, the commission’s statutory basis was abruptly repealed only four years later. Florida’s intrastate rail service was left once again unfettered by regulatory constraints.3 Then, six years later, the legislature reestablished the …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

MIAMI BEACH: A HISTORY, by Howard Kleinberg, reviewed by Paul S. George; WILLIAM BARTRAM AND THE SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS, edited and annotated by Gregory A. Waselkov and Kathryn E. Holland Braund, reviewed by Paul Wehr; HAD I THE WINGS: THE FRIENDSHIP OF BACHMAN AND AUDUBON, by Jay Shuler, reviewed by Steven Valdespino; STEPPING OUT OF THE SHADOWS: ALABAMA WOMEN, 1919-1990, edited by Mary Martha Thomas, reviewed by Sarah P. Vickers; THE STRUGGLE FOR THE GEORGIA COAST: AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SPANISH RETROSPECTIVE ON GUALE AND MOCAMA, by John E. Worth, reviewed by Richard Durshlag; AFTER APPOMATTOX: How THE SOUTH WON THE WAR, …

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Long Time Coming: Miami's Liberty City Riot Of 1968, Eric Tscheschlok Mar 2022

Long Time Coming: Miami's Liberty City Riot Of 1968, Eric Tscheschlok

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1898, Josiah Strong predicted that “the problem of the twentieth century will be the city.” Five years later, W. E. B. Du Bois declared that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line.“1 The turbulent 1960s proved both men prophetic: from Newark to Los Angeles, the nation’s black communities erupted in violence and destruction. For much of the decade, Dade County, Florida escaped this pattern of violence. But in August 1968, as the Republican national convention took place in Miami Beach, the Miami ghetto community of Liberty City erupted into several days of rioting.

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Seminole/Miccosukee Art, David M. Blackard Mar 2022

Seminole/Miccosukee Art, David M. Blackard

Florida Historical Quarterly

Any general work, and many narrowly focused articles addressing the Florida Seminole and Miccosukee Indians mention their extraordinary clothing, especially patchwork. Dress is the dominant art form for these native peoples. Since the late 1970s several “how-to” books have been published which are devoted exclusively to the “Seminole” patchwork technique. But until now, a book length treatment of the “Art of the Florida Seminole and Miccosukee Indians” has been lacking. Dorothy Downs has assembled in a single volume an ambitious collection of comments and pictorial evidence on all forms of Seminole/Miccosukee art. Extracting material from the historical record, she has …

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Andrew Dias Poppell, 1894-1955: A Taylor County Entrepreneur, Margaret N. Burkley Mar 2022

Andrew Dias Poppell, 1894-1955: A Taylor County Entrepreneur, Margaret N. Burkley

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the first half of the 20th century, forest products and livestock were major parts of the Florida economy. Large lumber and naval stores firms were extracting huge amounts of yellow pine lumber and turpentine from Florida’s extensive forests and cattle barons were marketing cattle which they had grown on wide expanses of open range. That Florida was the leading producer of naval stores by the early 20th century is also comparatively wellknown. 1 Much less has been written about the small businessmen who played important roles in the development of diversified local economies by investing in and operating naval …

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Revisiting The Freducci Map: A Description Of Juan Ponce De Leon's 1513 Florida Voyage?, Jerald T. Milanich Mar 2022

Revisiting The Freducci Map: A Description Of Juan Ponce De Leon's 1513 Florida Voyage?, Jerald T. Milanich

Florida Historical Quarterly

For more than a century scholars have been aware of the Conte Ottomanno Freducci map believed to have been drafted in 1514-1515. Centered on the Atlantic Ocean with the west coasts of Europe and Africa shown, the map shows those parts of the Americas known to Europe by ca. 1514-1515, including coastal Newfoundland, the Bahamas and the Caribbean Islands, and the Caribbean and Atlantic coasts of South America from present-day Gulf of Venezuela east and southeast to northeastern Brazil (the latter not very accurately). The map also seemingly accurately renders portions of the Atlantic and lower Gulf coasts of Florida. …

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Blanche Armwood Of Tampa And The Strategy Of Interracial Cooperation, Keith Halderman Mar 2022

Blanche Armwood Of Tampa And The Strategy Of Interracial Cooperation, Keith Halderman

Florida Historical Quarterly

Blanche Armwood was born in Tampa on January 3, 1890, into a well-established middle-class black family. Her maternal grandfather, Adam Holloman, had been appointed in 1875 to the Hillsborough County Commission by then-Governor Marcellus L. Stearns. That same year he purchased four parcels of land which totalled 123 acres. Her great uncle, John Armwood, had been a negotiator between the Seminoles and white settlers on the southern Florida frontier. He also became an early landowner when he successfully homesteaded 159 acres in Hillsborough County. Her father, Levin Armwood, was Tampa’s first black policeman and subsequently served as county deputy sheriff. …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

DADE’S LAST COMMAND, by Frank Laumer, reviewed by William M. Goza; BLOCKADERS, REFUGEES, & CONTRABANDS: CIVIL WAR ON FLORIDA’S GULF COAST, 1861-1865, by George E. Buker, reviewed by William Warren Rogers; REBEL STOREHOUSE: FLORIDA IN THE CONFEDERATE ECONOMY, by Robert A. Taylor, reviewed by Anthony Iacono; THE CONFEDERADOS: OLD SOUTH IMMIGRANTS IN BRAZIL, edited by Cyrus B. Dawsey and James M. Dawsey, reviewed by José B. Fernández; ESSAYS ON CUBAN HISTORY: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH, by Louis a Pérez, Jr., reviewed by Thomas M. Leonard; THE CHEROKEES AND CHRISTIANITY, 1794-1870, by William G. McLoughlin; edited by Walter H. Conser, Jr., reviewed …

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Hurston Goes To War: The Army Signal Corps In Saint Augustine, Gordon Patterson Mar 2022

Hurston Goes To War: The Army Signal Corps In Saint Augustine, Gordon Patterson

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the fall of 1942, Zora Neale Hurston returned to Saint Augustine. She had come to “this city because it [was] a quiet place to sit down and write.“1 By January 1943, she had moved to Daytona Beach. Her brief stay in Saint Augustine was eventful. She finished revising Dust Trucks on a Road and J. B. Lippincott published it in November. Simultaneously, Hurston and Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings established a “close friendship.“2 Hurston’s relations, however, were less cordial with William Gray, Jr., the newly appointed president of Florida Normal and Industrial Institute. She let it be known that she considered …

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Demise Of The Pojoy And Bomto, John H. Hann Mar 2022

Demise Of The Pojoy And Bomto, John H. Hann

Florida Historical Quarterly

South-central Florida’s aboriginal inhabitants remain among the least known of Florida’s native peoples during the first Spanish period because Spaniards did not maintain a permanent presence among them. It is likely that a number of the region’s tribes disappeared without even their names having been recorded. That is true particularly of the peoples living in the interior beyond the southernmost missions and those living on or near the Gulf coast between Tampa Bay’s southern shore and the Caloosahatchee River. Some of those peoples began to appear fleetingly in Spanish records during the 1710-1740 period when attacks by Indians allied to …

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Disfranchisement, Women's Suffrage And The Failure Of Florida's Grandfather Clause, Tracy E. Danese Mar 2022

Disfranchisement, Women's Suffrage And The Failure Of Florida's Grandfather Clause, Tracy E. Danese

Florida Historical Quarterly

Following the adoption of the Constitution of 1885, Florida joined its sister southern states in enacting a series of election laws aimed at disfranchising black voters. This statutory labyrinth, with the Democratic party’s white primary system as its centerpiece, had all but excluded the state’s African-American citizens from the political arena by 1913. Although virtually complete in its practical effects, that process legally operated only in the primary elections. African-American males remained technically eligible to vote in general elections if their poll taxes were paid. In the same period, women’s suffrage was intruding on the existing political structure from another …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA’S FIRST PEOPLE: 12,000 YEARS OF HUMAN HISTORY, by Robin C. Brown, reviewed by James G. Cusick; YBOR CITY CHRONICLES: A MEMOIR, by Ferdie Pacheco, reviewed by Leland Hawes; HARRIET BEECHER STOWE: A LIFE, by Joan D. Hedrick, reviewed by Sarah Whitmer Foster and John T. Foster, Jr.; CONTESTING CASTRO: THE UNITED STATES AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE CUBAN REVOLUTION, by Thomas G. Paterson, reviewed by Neill Macaulay; THE SOUTH AND THE NEW DEAL, by Roger Biles, reviewed by Michael V. Namorato; ALABAMA: THE HISTORY OF A DEEP SOUTH STATE, by William Warren Rogers, et al, reviewed by Lynn Willoughby; …

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Rekindling The Spirits: From National Prohibition To Local Option In Florida, 1928-1935, John J. Gurhrie, Jr. Mar 2022

Rekindling The Spirits: From National Prohibition To Local Option In Florida, 1928-1935, John J. Gurhrie, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Historians long overlooked the repeal of national prohibition “as a subject for serious research,” for at least two major reasons.1 First, the Great Depression and the coming of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal over-shadowed the ratification of the Twenty-First Amendment. Second, repeal as a research topic presents problems for historians, because it raises questions in disparate fields--including constitutional law, public policy, pressure politics, and federalism.

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Claude Pepper And The Seeds Of His 1950 Defeat, 1944-1948, James C. Clark Mar 2022

Claude Pepper And The Seeds Of His 1950 Defeat, 1944-1948, James C. Clark

Florida Historical Quarterly

Claude Pepper’s defeat in the 1950 Florida Democratic Senatorial primary has long been seen as the result of a vicious campaign in which his opponents used underhanded methods to win. But while the 1950 campaign between Pepper and George Smathers was one of the nastiest in Florida history, the roots of Pepper’s loss can be traced to 1945, when he began to feud with President Harry Truman and began courting the political left. Those two activities so badly damaged his standing in Florida that he lost the large following which had sent him to the U.S. Senate in three previous …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A NATURALIST IN FLORIDA: A CELEBRATION OF EDEN, by Archie Carr, edited by Marjorie Harris Carr, reviewed by Morton D. Winsberg; PIONEER COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHY: THE BURGERT BROTHERS, TAMPA, FLORIDA, by Robert E. Snyder and Jack B. Moore, reviewed by Nick Natanson; REMOVAL AFTERSHOCK: THE SEMINOLES’ STRUGGLES TO SURVIVE IN THE WEST, 1836-1866, by Jane F. Lancaster, reviewed by James Covington; LETTERS OF DELEGATES To CONGRESS, 1774-1789: VOLUME 21, OCTOBER 1, 1783-OCTOBER 31, 1784, edited by Paul H. Smith and Ronald M. Gephart, reviewed by Robert M. Calhoon; LUMBEE INDIAN HISTORIES: RACE, ETHNICITY, AND INDIAN IDENTITY IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES, …

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Edward M. Wanton And The Settling Of Micanopy, Frank Marotti, Jr. Mar 2022

Edward M. Wanton And The Settling Of Micanopy, Frank Marotti, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the Second Spanish Period (1784-1821) and its early years as a United States territory, East Florida was rocked by violence, lawlessness, and uncertainty. Under Spain’s weak, distracted rule, the province served as a haven for Indians, runaway slaves, and white adventurers seeking to profit from Madrid’s crumbling imperial fortunes. Moreover, a young, ambitious United States coveted the region, both to bolster its national security and to provide new lands for its burgeoning citizenry. When the American regime finally established itself, however, it soon faced armed resistance from Seminole warriors.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE FLORIDA NEGRO: A FEDERAL WRITERS’ PROJECT LEGACY, edited by Gary W. McDonogh, reviewed by Robert L. Hall; CITY ON THE EDGE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF MIAMI, by Alejandro Portes and Alex Stepick; THE EXILE: CUBA IN THE HEART OF MIAMI, by David Rieff, reviewed by Paul S. George; UNCOMMON GROUND: ARCHAEOLOGY AND EARLY AFRICAN AMERICA, 1650-1800, by Leland Ferguson, reviewed by Jane Landers; EARLY POTTERY IN THE SOUTHEAST: TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN COOKING TECHNOLOGY, by Kenneth E. Sassaman, reviewed by Ann S. Cordell; HISPANIC PRESENCE IN THE UNITED STATES: HISTORICAL BEGINNINGS, edited by Frank de Varona, reviewed by Light Townsend …

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