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Wagon Tracks Volume 35, Issue 2 (February 2021), Santa Fe Trail Association

Wagon Tracks

Contents

2 On the Cover: Epifanio Aguirre by Ron Kil

4 Insights from your President

5 Joanne’s Jottings

6 Trail News, Education and Jr. Wagon Master

8 2021 Symposium

13 SFTA Websites Listing

13 Cross Cultural Marriages: Six Jaramillo Women by Doyle Daves

20 Freighting for Uncle Sam by Darlis A. Miller

27 Hell on Wheels: Hays City and Sheridan by Dr Michael Olsen

32 Chapter Reports

31 Book Review: Lifelines: The Bowen Love Letters, compiled by Susan Lee Ward. Reviewed by Ruth Friesen

33 Membership Form

36 Calendar

A Florida Settler Of 1877: The Diary Of Erastus G. Hill, Erastus G. Hill

Florida Historical Quarterly

The QUARTERLY is grateful to Mrs. L. H. Hill of Lawtey, Florida, for permission to publish this diary which has been preserved for so many years in her family, and to Mr. A. Z. Adkins, Jr. of Gainesville for bringing it to the attention of the QUARTERLY and securing that permission. Our readers, also, will thank them ; for here we have a firsthand account of why and how so many thousands of families moved to Florida in the early days.

Francis P. Fleming In The War For Southern Independence, Letters From The Front, Edward C. Williamson

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.

The National Farmers’ Alliance Convention Of 1890, And Its “Ocala Demands”, Samuel Proctor

Florida Historical Quarterly

Probably there were none as surprised or as pleased as were Florida’s four delegates to the National Farmers’ Alliance Convention when it was decided that the 1890 meeting of the National Alliance Supreme Council would be held in Jacksonville. Politically a part of the “solid South”, and with a population of only a few thousand, it seemed scarcely possible that frontier Florida would be chosen, nor could it well play host to any national organization, even one as politically adolescent as was the National Farmers’ Alliance in 1889. However, Florida’s invitation was accepted by the convention which met in St. …

Negro Slavery In Florida, Edwin L. Williams, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Negro slavery existed in Florida long before it became American territory and the Negro began to play his part in the drama of Florida history at a very early date. If we are to credit the narrative of Cabeca De-Vaca, as translated by Buckingham Smith, at least two Negroes accompanied the Narvaez expedition to Florida in 1528, though no mention is made as to whether they were slave or free. One of these Negroes was among the few survivors of this ill-fated expedition who finally reached Mexico. A few Negro slaves accompanied the great expedition of Hernando DeSoto when it …

Letters Of The Invaders Of East Florida, 1812, Rembert W. Patrick

Florida Historical Quarterly

In September, 1812, a small detachment of the United States Army, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas A. Smith, was camped near Moosa Old Fort. Not more than five hundred yards from the American forces was the unkempt and open quarters of a small band of men who called themselves the “Patriots of East Florida." Just across the San Sebastian river from these camps lay the town of St. Augustine with its formidable fort, Castillo de San Marcos, manned by Spanish regulars and colored militia from the Spanish West Indian possessions.

Diego Pena’S Expedition To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1716, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Prior to the settlement of Charles Town in 1670, the Spanish, through the mission reductions, dominated many of the southeastern Indian tribes. Although the mission Indians generally accepted the discipline imposed, several revolts against Spanish rule nevertheless occurred, the suppression of which doubtless produced many malcontents. Furthermore the Spanish regarded the English settlement of Carolina as an encroachment on Spanish territory, although evidently not unwelcome by Indians who had become hostile to the Spaniards.

Nocoroco, A Timucua Village Of 1605, John W. Griffin

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1605 Alvaro Mexia was sent on an expedition down the east coast of Florida by Governor Don Pedro de Ybarra of Spanish East Florida. Mexia followed the inland waters as far south as St. Lucie Inlet, and upon his return to St. Augustine compiled a map and itinerary which are invaluable in the study of the archaeology of the early historic period in the area.

Major-General John Campbell In British West Florida, George C. Osborn

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in the autumn of 1778 Brigadier-General John Campbell received a communication from Lord George Germain to proceed from the colony of New York to Pensacola, Province of West Florida. In this imperial province, which was bounded on the west by the Mississippi river, Lake Ponchartrain and the Iberville river, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Apalachicola river and on the north by the thirty-first parallel but later by a line drawn eastward from the mouth of the Yazoo river, General Campbell was to take command of His Majesty’s troops. That the newly …

Carpetbag Imperialism In Florida 1862-1868, George Winston Smith

Florida Historical Quarterly

The great Civil War battlefields were far from Florida. Compared with the Wilderness campaign, the bloody slaughter of Pittsburg Landing or other major conflicts, even Olustee was a minor battle on the margin of the war. Yet in addition to keeping Florida in the Confederacy, it and other lesser encounters revealed social forces which were destined to alter the fabric of Florida’s society, and radically influence the future, of all the South. For with the occupying forces of the Union army came political and economic adventurers, the successors of a few earlier Yankee pioneers in Florida, and the predecessors of …

Early Education In Tallahassee And The West Florida Seminary, Now Florida State University, Part Ii, William G. Dodd

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the year 1850, Tallahassee, through its city government, took the first faltering steps which led later in the decade to the organization of a stable school system. Before that year, as was told in Part I of this article, parents had depended for the education of their children on private schools and on two corporate institutions, Leon Academy and Leon Female Academy. The former, constantly in financial straits, was barely kept alive through the years from 1827 to 1840. The Female Academy, begun in 1844, continued as an independent school until 1858. Thus the story of boys’ education before …

Spanish Relief Policy And The East Florida Refugees Of 1763, Duvon C. Corbitt

Florida Historical Quarterly

So runs the pious ejeculation scrawled across the front page of the bundle of documents in the Archivo Nacional de Cuba concerned with pensions to wives, widows and daughters of the Floridians who chose to follow the retreating Spanish flag in 1763 and 1764. 1 It is not surprising that the Havanese officials called for help from on high when they found themselves confronted with the feeding and housing of the whole population of East Florida after the cession of that province to Great Britain by the Peace of Paris. Fortunately the total of that population scarcely exceeded three thousand …

Taylor County History And Civil War Deserters, W. T. Cash

Florida Historical Quarterly

When Florida seceded from the Union, Taylor county was four years old, it having been created from Madison county on December 23, 1856. As a functioning political unit its age was at least six months less, for the members of its first board of county commissioners were not qualified until March 27, 1857, and its first judge of probate, one of whose duties was to preside at board meetings, was not commissioned until July 4, following.

Stephen Russell Mallory, Part Iii, Occie Clubbs

Florida Historical Quarterly

While few of Stephen Mallory’s recorded speeches in the United States Senate are great oratorical efforts, most of them are replete with logic and some are eloquent. The reader today is especially impressed with his breadth of information and with the pertinancy of his arguments to the subject as well as often to the interests of his constituents. The savoire faire for which he was famous and of which Pensacolians, contemporaries of his, still speak, was never found wanting, even when debate became acrimonious or when an issue was decided contrary to his wishes. It must be recalled that he …

The Everglades Before Reclamation, J. E. Dovell

Florida Historical Quarterly

This account of the Everglades and their early history is one result of the author’s extensive research into all available sources. The full story of the Everglades including reclamation is the subject of an unpublished dissertation by the author which was accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina.

Florida History (1650-1750) In The Spanish Records Of North Carolina State Department Of Archives And History, Albert C. Manucy

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the pirate’s bullet lodged in Captain Arguelles’ leg one fine spring day (March 30, 1683), that painful detail was faithfully written down-not once, but several times and in several different ways. Consequently, although the brave captain was wounded almost three centuries ago, today’s historian can be certain the accident was not hearsay: it actually happened. He knows exactly where it took place, and when; and further, he has a good idea of how the whole affair came about.

Captain Bunce’S Tampa Bay Fisheries, Dorothy Dodd

Florida Historical Quarterly

The known facts about William Bunce can be stated briefly. He was a sea captain from Baltimore, who engaged in the mercantile business at Key West from August, 1824, until 1829. In 1832 he was listed as a customs inspector in the Key West District. 3 In the same year he commanded the small sloop Associate, out of Key West, in which George W. Murray, W. R. Hackley, and P. B. Prior visited Carlos bay and Charlotte Harbor to locate a site for a settlement on the Allagon Grant. Bunce’s activities on the coast of southwest Florida naturally made him …

The Alagon, Punon Rostro, And Vargas Grants, T. Frederick Davis

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the year 1803, when public attention was directed to the question of our right of deposit at New Orleans, the United States House of Representatives appointed a committee to report upon certain matters, including the advisability of annexing Spanish East and West Florida to the United States. The report of this committee concluded: “If we look forward to the free use of the Mississippi, the Mobile, the Apalachicola, and the other rivers of the west, by ourselves and our posterity, New-Orleans and the Floridas must become a part of the U. States, either by purchase or by conquest.” This …

Theatrical Entertainment In Early Florida, William G. Dodd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Theatrical entertainment in early Florida was greatly facilitated by water transportation. The Florida towns with which this story is concerned were all within easy distance, by sea or river, of cities which had well-established professional theatres. They therefore provided actors in those theatres with favorable opportunities to supplement their regular season by a preceding or subsequent engagement; or, sometimes, to fill up part of an otherwise vacant summer.

Pioneer Florida: Mexican Squadron At Key West, 1827, T. Frederick Davis

Florida Historical Quarterly

All general encyclopedias of American biography include an account of the life of David Porter (1780-1843), United States naval officer, whose exploits while in command of the Essex in the South Pacific in the War of 1812, remain a saga in the history of our early navy. These accounts, however, do not include an important event in Commodore Porter’s career, the scene of which was laid at and around Key West, Florida, in 1827, and therefore is a part of Florida’s history.

The Negro Abraham, Kenneth W. Porter

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the most remarkable personalities produced by the African race in this country before general emancipation was an illiterate runaway slave who spent almost all his mature life among Seminole Indians. This judgment is, perhaps, either too cautious to be meaningful or too bold to be convincing, according to the direction from which one chooses to approach it.

Kentucky Speech Arts Association (Mss 717), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 717. Minutes, 1931-1962, and associated records (correspondence, membership lists, program notices, and financial data) of the Kentucky Speech Arts Association, first organized as The Kentucky Association of Teachers of Speech.

Sheep Replace Pronghorn: An Environmental History Of The Mono Basin, Robert B. Marks

Eastern Sierra History Journal

This article examines the ways in which the hunting-gathering people of the Mono Basin lived before their way of life and environment was overturned by the nineteenth-century arrival of Euro-American settlers with vastly different ways of interacting with the environment. And it tracks some of these alterations by tracking when and how sheep replaced pronghorns.

The Contest For Pensacola Bay And Other Gulf Ports, 1698-1722, Part I, Stanley Faye

Florida Historical Quarterly

John Law’s Mississippi Bubble of speculation began to inflate itself on September 26, 1717, when Law’s Company of the West made ready to colonize Louisiana. Yet Law in Paris already knew that a sandbar had blocked up the one seaport of Louisiana that he thought suitable for receiving his transatlantic vessels. Five years later the bubble persisted only in memory, the bubble-maker lingered in exile and necessity persuaded light-draft French shipping to enter the Mississippi river. In the course of those five years the Company of the West had searched unavailingly for another deep, suitable and almost necessary port, and …

The Florida Historical Society, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Early Settlers In British West Florida, Clinton N. Howard

Florida Historical Quarterly

The land grant records of the British colony of West Florida comprise a fairly complete census of the population of the colony in the early years.

Florida In 1845, Dorothy Dodd

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the government of the State of Florida was organized in June 1845, the state contained a population of some 66,500. Although Florida has a total area of 58,560 square miles, 2 47 percent of the population was concentrated in the 7,333 square miles (only 12.5 percent of the state total) lying between the Apalachicola and Suwannee rivers, then known as Middle Florida. The remaining 53 percent was distributed fairly evenly between West and East Florida, 25 percent being in the former and 28 percent in the latter. But since West Florida -between the Perdido and Apalachicola rivershas an area …

The Florida Historical Society, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.

The Flags Of The State Of Florida, Dorothy Dodd

Florida Historical Quarterly

The first flag of the State of Florida was flown for the first and, so far as is known, for the last time on June 25, 1845. The raising of the state and national banners, closing the ceremonies marking the inauguration of William D. Moseley as first governor of the State of Florida, on the east portico of the recently completed capitol, was accompanied by a twenty-eight-gun salute. The band then played "Yankee Doodle."