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Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 62, Number 2, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 62, Number 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE ROUTE OF JUAN PARDO’S EXPLORATIONS IN THE INTERIOR SOUTHEAST, 1566-1568 Chester B. DePratter, Charles M. Hudson, and Marvin T. Smith
T. GILBERT PEARSON: YOUNG ORNITHOLOGIST IN FLORIDA Oliver H. Orr
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY (1850): A COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTH FLORIDA FLATWOODS John Solomon Otto
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS: NEW LIGHT ON GÁLVEZ’S FIRST ATTEMPT TO ATTACK PENSACOLA Everett C. Wilkie, Jr.
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS
ANNUAL MEETING


Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 59, Number 4, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 59, Number 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A MARRIAGE OF EXPEDIENCE: THE CALUSA INDIANS AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH PEDRO MENÉNDEZ DE AVILÉS IN SOUTHWEST FLORIDA, 1566-1569 Stephen Edward Reilly
WEST FLORIDA’S FORGOTTEN PEOPLE: THE CREEK INDIANS FROM 1830 UNTIL 1970 Lucius F. Ellsworth and Jane E. Dysart
PASSAGE TO THE NEW EDEN: TOURISM IN MIAMI FROM FLAGLER THROUGH EVEREST G. SEWELL Paul S. George
THE “COGGINS AFFAIR”: DESEGREGATION AND MORES IN MADISON COUNTY, FLORIDA Charlotte Downey-Anderson
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS: FLORIDA MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONS AND ACCESSIONS
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS
DIRECTORS’ MEETING, DECEMBER 6, 1980


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 56, Number 4, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 56, Number 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE MENENDEZ MARQUEZ CATTLE BARONY AT LA CHUA AND THE DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC EXPANSION IN SEVENTEENTH -CENTURY FLORIDA Amy Bushnell
COLORED TOWN: MIAMI’S BLACK COMMUNITY, 1896-1930 Paul S. George
TORMENT OF PESTILENCE : YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMICS IN PENSACOLA George F. Pearce
SEMINOLE FOLKTALES Hedwig Tetens Evans
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS: A NEW GUIDE TO SOURCES OF SPANISH FLORIDA HISTORY Bruce S. Chappell, Michael Getzler-Eaton, and D. Lorne McWatters
FLORIDA MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONS AND ACCESSIONS
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS
DIRECTORS’ MEETING, DECEMBER 10, 1977


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 55, Number 3, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 55, Number 3, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

WEAPONS, STRATEGIES, AND TACTICS OF THE EUROPEANS AND THE INDIANS IN SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTHCENTURY FLORIDA Barbara A. Purdy
CUSTOM, LAW, AND HISTORY: THE ENDURING INFLUENCE OF FLORIDA’S “BLACK CODE” Jerrell H. Shofner
“FLORIDA WHITE,” SOUTHERN BELLE Margaret Anderson Uhler
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PEABODY FUND ON EDUCATION IN RECONSTRUCTION FLORIDA F. Bruce Rosen
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS:

  • CAPTAIN HUGH YOUNG AND HIS 1818 TOPOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR TO ANDREW JACKSON Ernest F. Dibble
  • CAPTAIN HUGH YOUNG’S MAP OF JACKSON’S 1818 SEMINOLE CAMPAIGN IN FLORIDA Alcione M. Amos
  • NEW NUMBERS FOR THE STETSON COLLECTION Paul E. Hoffman
  • FLORIDA HISTORY RESEARCH IN PROGRESS

BOOK REVIEWS …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 55, Number 2, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 55, Number 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

SEMINOLE Gloria Jahoda
A FLORIDA ARTIST VIEWS THE SEMINOLES James Hutchinson
CLAN AFFILIATION AND LEADERSHIP AMONG THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY FLORIDA INDIANS R. T. King
RACE RELATIONS AND FLORIDA GUBERNATORIAL POLITICS SINCE THE Brown DECISION David R. Colburn and Richard K. Scher
OPPOSING VIEWS OF La Florida - ALVAR NÚNEZ

  • CABEZA DE VACA AND EL INCA
  • GARCILASO DE LA VEGA José B. Fernández

NOTES AND DOCUMENTS:

  • ELIJAH SWIFT’S TRAVEL JOURNAL FROM MASSACHUSETTS TO FLORIDA, 1857 edited by Virginia Steele Wood

BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS
SEVENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 53, Number 2, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 53, Number 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

WHEN A MINORITY BECOMES THE MAJORITY: BLACKS IN JACKSONVILLE POLITICS, 1887-1907 Edward N. Akin
GREENS, GRIST AND GUERNSEYS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLORIDA STATE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SYSTEM Martin M. LaGodna
FOREIGNERS IN FLORIDA: A STUDY OF IMMIGRATION PROMOTION, 1865-1910 George E. Pozzetta
FLORIDA SEMINOLES: 1900-1920 James W. Covington
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS
SEVENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 51, Number 2, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 51, Number 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

BLACK SLAVES, RED MASTERS, WHITE MIDDLEMEN: A CONGRESSIONAL DEBATE OF 1852 James E. Sefton
FLORIDA LIVE OAK FARM OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS William R. Adams
FLORIDA PREPARES FOR WAR 1860-1861 George C. Bittle
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS:

  • FLORIDA’S IMAGE IN JUVENILE FICTION, 1909-1914 Peter A. Soderbergh
  • FLORENCIA INVESTIGATION OF SPANISH TIMUCUA Fred Lamar Pearson, Jr.

BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS
SEVENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 49, Number 1, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 49, Number 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

NEGRO TROOPS IN FLORIDA, 1898 Williard B. Gatewood, Jr.
EDUCATING THE SEMINOLE INDIANS OF FLORIDA, 1879- 1969 Harry A. Kersey, Jr.
COTTON AND THE FACTORAGE SYSTEM IN ANTEBELLUM FLORIDA Julia F. Smith
LUIS BERTUCAT AND WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BOWLES: WEST FLORIDA ADVERSARIES IN 1791 Jack D. L. Holmes and J. Leitch Wright, Jr.
FLORIDA HISTORY IN PERIODICALS, 1969
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORY NEWS


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 48, Number 2, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 48, Number 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPLORATION OF THE FORBES PURCHASE John C. Upchurch
SPANISH TREATIES WITH WEST FLORIDA INDIANS 1784-1802 Jack D. L. Holmes
LIZZIE BROWN’S TALLAHASSEE Bertram H. Groene
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS:

  • CAPTAIN YOUNG’S SKETCH MAP, 1818 Alan K. Craig and Christopher S. Peebles
  • ST. AUGUSTINE, 1784: DECADENCE AND REPAIRS John D. Ware

BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORICAL NEWS
ANNUAL MEETING, MAY 9-10, 1969


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 48, Number 1, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 48, Number 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

PORT OF APALACHICOLA Harry P. Owens
FLORIDA COURTS AND THE DISPUTED ELECTION OF 1876 Jerrell H. Shofner
NOTES AND DOCUMENTS:

  • FLORIDA AND RUMRUNNING DURING NATIONAL PROHIBITION James A. Carter, III
  • ACCOUNTS OF THE REAL HACIENDA, FLORIDA, 1565 to 1602 Paul E. Hoffman and Eugene Lyon
  • A LEVER FROM OCCUPIED TALLAHASSEE Bertram H. Groene
  • FLORIDA HISTORY IN PERIODICALS, 1968

BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK NOTES
HISTORICAL NEWS


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 45, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 45, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

JOURNEY TO THE WILDERNESS: Two TRAVELERS IN FLORIDA, 1696-1774 Mary S. Mattfield
ELECTION OF 1870 AND THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION IN FLORIDA Ralph L. Peek
FEDERAL EXPEDITION AGAINST SAINT MARKS ENDS AT NATURAL BRIDGE Edwin C. Bearss
BILLY BOWLEGS (HOLATA MICCO) IN THE CIVIL WAR (Part II) Kenneth W. Porter
BLACK BELT POLITICAL CRISIS : THE SAVAGE-JAMES LYNCHING, 1882 Edward C. Williamson
BOOK REVIEWS
HISTORICAL NEWS
CONTRIBUTORS


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 44, Issues 1 & 2, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 44, Issues 1 & 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE EXPLORATION OF FLORIDA AND SOURCES ON THE FOUNDING OF ST. AUGUSTINE Luis Rafael Arana
ALTAR AND HEARTH: THE COMING OF CHRISTIANITY Michael V. Gannon
NOTE ABOUT THE BIRTHPLACE OF HERNANDO DE SOTO El Conde Canilleros and Ursula Lamb
JEAN RIBAULT'S COLONIES IN FLORIDA M. Adele Francis Gorman
THE MAN WHO WAS PEDRO MENENDEZ Albert Manucy
DRAKE DESTROYS ST. AUGUSTINE: 1586 James W. Covington
THE ARCHITECTURE OF HISTORIC ST. AUGUSTINE: A PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY F. Blair Reeves
FUNERALS AND FIESTAS IN EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ST.AUGUSTINE John J. TePaske
THE EAST FLORIDA INDIANS UNDER SPANISH AND ENGLISH CONTROL: 1763-1765Robert L. Gold
JANAS …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 42, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society Oct 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 42, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

RECENT PROBLEMS OF FLORIDA HISTORY Charles W. Arnade
POLITICS AND PROPERTY DURING THE TRANSFER OF FLORIDA FROM SPANISH TO ENGLISH RULE, 1763-1764 Robert L. Gold
THE END OF AN IDYLL Robert L. Anderson
A SCIENTIST OBSERVES FLORIDA: 1870 John Large, Jr
BOOK REVIEWS
NEWS AND NOTES
EDITOR’S CORNER
CONTRIBUTORS


Close, But No Cigar: Tobacco Usage During The Civil War Era, Benjamin M. Roy Oct 2020

Close, But No Cigar: Tobacco Usage During The Civil War Era, Benjamin M. Roy

Student Publications

Tobacco carried a range of gendered, social, regional, and racial meanings in America during the nineteenth century, and these disparate meanings were symbolized through different forms of consumption. The cultural meaning inherent within chewing tobacco, cigars, pipes, and cigarettes, are the object of this research. I will examine the class associations linked to chewing tobacco, the manly identities symbolized through cigars and pipes, and explore cultural movement and racial meaning through the cigarette. Through tobacco, I will explain how nineteenth century Americans comprehended addiction, and establish the organic agency of consumable commodities to influence the consciousness of their users.


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 35, Issue 2, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 35, Issue 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE BACKGROUND OF THE GREEK SETTLERS IN THE NEW SMYRNA COLONY E. P. Panagopoulos
STORIES IN STONE Lucy Ames Edwards
MACOMB'S MISSION TO THE SEMINOLES JOHN T. SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL Frank F. White, Jr.
BOOK REVIEWS

  • SIMPSON, A Provisional Gazeteer of Florida Place-Names of Indian Derivation John W. Griffin
  • DOUGLAS, Freedom River: Florida 1845 Agnes Gregory

NEWS AND NOTES


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 34, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 34, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The First Fort of San Marcos de Apalache Lucy L. Wenhold
Osceola’s Coats? William C. Sturtevant
Surveyors’ Field Notes as a Source of Historical Information Wilfred T. Neill
The Legendary Visit of Emerson to Tallahassee Alan J. Downes
St. Paul’s Church in Quincy, Florida, During the Territorial Period Edward B. Gearhart
BOOK REVIEWS

  • Covington and Laub, The Story of the University of Tampa, by Samuel Proctor
  • Jacobs, Indians of the Southern Colonial Frontier, by Charles H. Fairbanks
  • Patrick, Florida Under Five Flags, by Charles S. Davis

News and Notes


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 33, Issue 3-4, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 33, Issue 3-4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Osceola: Portraits, Features, and Dress John M. Goggin
The Disappearance of the Head of Osceola May McNeer Ward
The Parentage of Osceola (Charles H. Coe)
Notes on Modern Seminole Traditions of Osceola William C. Sturtevant
The White Flag
Osceola and the Negroes Kenneth W. Porter
The Site of Osceola's Village Wilfred T. Neill
Osceola and the Charlestonians
Asi-Yaholo or Osceola Mark F. Boyd
Contributors to this issue of the Quarterly


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 32, Issue 3, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 32, Issue 3, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Are There De Soto Relics in Florida? John M. Goggin
Salmon P. Chase and Civil War Politics in Florida Ovid L. Futch
David Betton Macomb, Frontiersman Andrew Forest Muir
Letters of a Florida Settler in 1877 W. A. Smith
Territorial Papers of the United States Alabama 1817-1819
Book Review:

  • Franco, “Politica Continental Americana de Espana en Cuba, 1812-1830” Albert C. Manucy

Local and regional historical societies:

  • Tallahassee Historical Society
  • Jacksonville Historical Society
  • Historical Association of Southern Florida
  • Pensacola Historical Society

The Florida Historical Society

  • The Annual Meeting
  • A directors’ meeting
  • New members


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

De Soto’s First Headquarters in Florida John R. Swanton
De Soto’s Ucita and the Terra Ceia Site Ripley P. Bullen
Settlers from Connecticut in Spanish Florida Letters of Ambrose Hull and Stella Hart 1804-1806 Edited by Robert E. Rutherford
The Cowkeeper Dynasty of the Seminole Nation Kenneth W. Porter
“A Letter from the Land of Flowers, Fruit and Plenty”
“Tequesta 1951 “The Journal of the Historical Association of Southern Florida”
Book reviews:

  • Woodward, “Reunion and Reaction” Charles T. Thrift, Jr.
  • Going, “Bourbon Democracy in Alabama” Weymouth T. Jordun
  • Coleman, “Liberty and Property” Gilbert E. Lycan

Local and regional historical societies: …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 2, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 2, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Fort Pupo: A Spanish Frontier Outpost John M. Goggin
Confederate Finance: A Documentary Study of a Proposal of David L. Yulee Arthur W. Thompson
France to the Rescue: An Episode of the Florida Border, 1797 Richard K. Murdoch
Book reviews:

  • Chesnut, “A Diary from Dixie” Charles S. Davis
  • Goggin, “Florida’s Indians”

Regional and Local Historical Societies

The Florida Historical Society

  • Directors’ meeting
  • New members
  • W. T. Cash

Contributors to this number of the Quarterly


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 26, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 26, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Everglades Before Reclamation J. E. Dovell
Locating the County Seat of Jackson County Dorothy Dodd
Stephen Russell Mallory, Part III Occie Clubbs
Florida in North Carolina Spanish Records, Part II Albert C. Manucy
The Episode of Osceola’s Wife Kenneth W. Porter
Joseph Byrne Lockey
New Books:

  • Clinton N. Howard, “The British Development of West Florida, 1763-1769”

The Tallahassee Historical Society ‘‘Apalachee 1946”
The Jacksonville Historical Society
The Historical Association of Southern Florida “Tequesta 1946”
The Florida Historical Society

  • The annual meeting
  • Minutes
  • Report of the treasurer
  • Donations to the Library
  • New members

Contributors to this number


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 20, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 20, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Source Materials of Florida History in the John Carter Brown Library of Brown University Lawrence C. Wroth
The Return of Spanish Rule to the St. Marys and the St. Johns, 1813-1821 D. C. Corbitt
James Holmes’s Florida Plantation, 1804 Lewis Leary
The Franciscans in Florida, Maynard Geiger, O.F.M. A. Curtis Wilgus
Spanish Land Grants in Florida Frank P. Hamilton
From a Remote Frontier: San Marcos de Apalache 1763-1769 (continued) Mark F. Boyd
Tequesta, the Journal of the Historical Association of Southern Florida
The Florida Historical Society:

  • The annual meeting
  • Minutes
  • The president’s annual report
  • The treasurer’s annual report
  • Donations to …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 19, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 19, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Florida Historical Society Watt Marchman
The Annual Meeting 1940:

  • Minutes
  • Report of the Treasurer

Meeting of the Directors at St. Augustine The Florida Historical Society Goes Home
Recent Accessions to the Library
Notes


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 18, Issue 3, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 18, Issue 3, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Moses Elias Levy Yulee George R. Fairbanks
The Timucua Indians of Sixteenth Century Florida W. W. Ehrmann
The First Protestant Service in North America T. Frederick Davis
A Stowe Memorial K. W. Hooker
An 1870 Itinerary from St. Augustine to Miami
Typoscripts of Manuscripts made by Florida Historical Records Survey
The Union Catalog of Floridiana
A Digest of Florida Material in Niles’ Register
Book Reviews:

  • Leonard, “Spanish Approach to Pensacola.” Mark F. Boyd
  • ‘‘Woodward’s Reminiscences of the Creek Indians.’’
  • Dorrance and Macartney, “The Bonapartes in America.” A. J. Hanna
  • Pennington, “Soldier and Servant, John Freeman Young.”
  • Davis, ‘‘The Cotton Kingdom …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 13, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 13, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

An Indian Burial Site at Crystal River, Florida F. G. Rainey
Fort Marion During the Seminole War Rogers W. Young
A Foot-note to Captain Young’s Itineraries: Letters of Jeremy Robinson Joseph B. Lockey
The Panton, Leslie Papers : Letters of and to John Forbes


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 11, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 11, Issue 4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Anthropology in Florida Rhea M. Smith
The First Landing Place of Ponce de Leon in Florida (map) T. Frederick Davis
Walker Anderson, 1801-1857 Julia J. Yonge
The First Session of the Legislative Council of Florida
Records of Panton, Leslie and Company


Catalogue Of Collections, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Catalogue Of Collections, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

This is a list of books, pamphlets, maps, relics, and photographs.


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society Sep 2020

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Prospectus.
Maj. George R. Fairbanks, by F. P. Fleming.
Report of the President to Annual Meeting 1907. Catalogue of Collections.
Origin of the Shell Mounds, by J. Y. Detwiler.
Indian Massacre in Gadsden County, by A. L. Woodward
Selection of Tallahassee as the Capital.


2020-2021 Ursinus College Course Catalogue, Office Of The Registrar Sep 2020

2020-2021 Ursinus College Course Catalogue, Office Of The Registrar

Ursinus College Catalogues, 1869-Present

A digital copy of the 2020-2021 Ursinus College Catalog. It contains details of the curriculum, departmental requirements and courses of instruction as well as the Open Questions core requirements, experiential learning and the Common Intellectual Experience (CIE). Academic policies, special opportunities and scholarships, off-campus programs and graduation requirements are also outlined.


More Austerity Coming? Lessons From New York City's 1970s Fiscal Crisis, Marc Kagan Sep 2020

More Austerity Coming? Lessons From New York City's 1970s Fiscal Crisis, Marc Kagan

Publications and Research

Crises can be moments of opportunity, but it is not foreordained who will seize the ring. The Great Depression ultimately led to the New Deal/Great Society state and increasing equality. 1975 New York City fiscal crisis, on the other hand, laid the groundwork for decades of neoliberal austerity. Despite political vulnerabilities, bankers and their Washington allies acted boldly to protect imperiled assets and remake a city in which the working class wielded some power as a bastion of finance capital. Seemingly powerful unions abandoned the public they served, and followed a risk-averse strategy of concessions in exchange for junior-partner corporatism, …