Digital Commons Network^™

College Football Television And Attendance: The Problem With Selection Bias, Jeremy M. Losak, Samuel Marteka, Mackenzie Mangos

Sport Management - All Scholarship

Television coverage's impact on college football attendance is a topic of debate. Between 2005 and 2019, annual growth in athletic department revenues for Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) schools from media rights, postseason football, and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) conference distributions far exceed revenue growth in ticket sales revenue. This study re-evaluates the substitution or complementarity of television coverage and stadium attendance in college football with updated data while controlling for selection bias through endogenous treatment regression. Although initial results reveal a positive correlation between television coverage and attendance, national coverage and attendance appear to be substitutes after controlling for …

The Study Of The Factors Affecting Stadium Attendance Of Yankees' Fans, Aydogan Soyguden, Robert C. Schneider

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting Yankees' fans' attendance. The study population randomly selected (n=707) supporters of the Yankees Baseball Team participating at the Yankee Stadium in the 2017 seasons of American Major League Baseball. Materials and Methods: The Stadium Attendance and Non-Attendance Reason Scale (SANARS) created by Soyguden in 2013 contained 30 questions to determine reasons affecting Yankee fans' attendance. The reasons affecting (SANARS) scale were used. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, factor analysis, and a one-way ANOVA were the statistical methods used to analyze the data. Results: In general, stadium attendance of the supports …

The Effect Of Quercetin On Bone Turnover Markers, Inflammatory Markers, And Bone Mineral Density In Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation, Alyssa R. Bailly, Garrett M. Hester, Robert J. Buresh, Michaela M. Alesi, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Christine M. Mermier, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Maintaining optimal bone health prevents major bone disorders (e.g., osteoporosis) and prolongs longevity. Quercetin is a plant-based flavonoid that is suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects and may improve bone health. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation over 90-days on prominent bone turnover markers (BTMs), inflammatory markers, bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and physical functioning in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Thirty-three healthy, nonosteoporotic, postmenopausal women (59.2±7.0 years) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation. Participants were randomized into one of two supplement groups: 1) 500 mg of quercetin (QUE) once daily or 2) 500 mg of methylcellulose (placebo; …

Quantifying Crossfit®: Potential Solutions For Monitoring Multimodal Workloads And Identifying Training Targets, Gerald T. Mangine, Tucker R. Seay

Open Access Publishing Fund Collection

The design of high-intensity functional training (HIFT; e. g., CrossFit^®) workouts and targeted physiological trait(s) vary on any given training day, week, or cycle. Daily workouts are typically comprised of different modality and exercise combinations that are prescribed across a wide range of intensities and durations. The only consistent aspect appears to be the common instruction to maximize effort and workout density by either completing “as many repetitions as possible” within a time limit (e.g., AMRAP, Tabata) or a list of exercises as quickly as possible. However, because effort can vary within and across workouts, the impact on …

The Road To Championship: An Example Of An Individual With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Halil Sarol, Rıfat Kerem Gürkan, Bülent Gürbüz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of this research is to investigate the road to championship of an individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who began physical activity in childhood under parental influence and won medals in competition as an athlete. In this research, founded on the phenomenological pattern from qualitative research models, data were collected in a semi-structured interview. Face-to-face interviews were held with the family, coach and the research participant. The content analysis method was used. The individual with ASD began a physical activity program in a special education center in childhood under parental influence and psychiatric referral. The individual with ASD …

High Performance Judoka’S Views On Their Athlete Journey And The Need For Athlete Education, Katrina Mcdonald, Anna Stodter, Mathew Dowling, Justin Roberts

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

High-performance sport has been the subject of controversy and scandal, coming under heavy scrutiny within the broad issue of “Duty of Care” in terms of the welfare and holistic development of athletes. The United Kingdom has many different schemes and mechanisms that are available to athletes to support them in their development on their athlete journey. However, there is a lack of research exploring whether these schemes and mechanisms fulfill athlete needs and facilitate athlete development. Utilizing Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory method, twelve full-time, high-performance Judoka (Judo athletes) were intensively interviewed, exploring the experience of their journey as an athlete. …

A Survey Of The Mental Health Of Uk Olympic And Paralympic Sport Athletes., Sandra D. Leyland Dr, Alan Currie Prof, Elizabeth Board Dr, Amit D. Mistry Dr, Rod Jaques Dr, Craig Ranson Dr

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

Abstract

This study examined the prevalence of psychological distress and well-being amongst elite athletes in the UK.

An online survey was emailed to 753 athletes within the English Institute of Sport. Response rate 52.3%. 371 participants (median age 25) completed measures of psychological distress and subjective well-being alongside demographics and sport-related variables.

High or very high psychological distress was reported by 23.7%. Poor subjective well-being was reported by 18.8%. Of those reporting psychological distress, 9% also reported good subjective well-being. The odds of psychological distress and poor well-being increased if the athlete was female (OR 2.03, distress; OR 2.00, poor …

Systematic Approach Based On The Use Of Compensatory Exercises With An Impact On The Indicators Of Motor Qualities, Doniyor Bahodirovich Yadgarov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Aim: To substantiate that the use of compensatory exercises with a selective effect on the declining indicators of motor qualities of inactive muscle groups can increase the level and ensure a positive trend in the indicators of physical fitness of schoolchildren of grades 3-4.

Methods: To achieve this, the following research methods were used:

1) study of special literature, individual diaries of physical education teachers.

2) questionnaire,

3) anthropometric measurements,

4) the method of control exercises,

5) ascertaining experiment.

6) pedagogical experiment,

7) mathematical statistics.

Results: To improve the quality of physical education lessons, it is recommended and implemented: 1. …

The Impact Of Sleep On Athletic Performance: A Review Of The Literature, Rylan J. Pratt

Honors Thesis

This paper reviewed the literature regarding sleep and athletic performance, specifically identifying the problem of sleep debt in student athletes, the effects of sleep debt, and what factors negatively influence sleep, along with how to improve sleep. The literature revealed that it is common for athletes to not get adequate sleep. Sleep debt can have psychomotor and physiological effects on the body, which decreases optimal athletic performance. The many factors that negatively impact sleep include high intensity training sessions, travel, sleep disturbances, caffeine and/or alcohol consumption, and pre-competition anxiety. Recommendations for athletes that are struggling to achieve adequate sleep include, …

Putting Around The Issue: How Gender Issues Are Pushing Women Away From Golf, Emma Petermeier

Political Science Theses and Capstones

I identify the reasons why women leave the sport of golf and what can be done to keep women playing golf. I take a look at the issues presented from a variety of perspectives as they have affected women in sports, and specifically, golf. I also identify, through interviews, what complications are currently present, and explore first-hand experiences with gender equality. What is the pushing factor for women playing golf, but more importantly, what circumstances make women choose to no longer play golf?

The greater issues that are investigated include interpersonal, intrapersonal and structural constraints that women face. From the …

A New Way Of Learning: Student Revelations From A Sport Development Service-Learning Course, Deondra E. Johnson

Eagle Showcase: Excellence in Service-Learning (Archived)

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Monitoring The Special Endurance Of Athletes, Dilnoza Nigbaevna Rakhmatova

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Aim: It consists in developing a test for a special endurance monitor, having studied the training composition and characteristics of martial artists.

Methods: In the article, we used the following techniques, based on differences in the dynamics of motor activity (DMA), we divided athletes into 3 groups:

"flat", characterized by relative uniformity of motor activity in the process of wrestlers' competition;

"double peak", characterized by a twofold increase in motor activity at competitions more than once in each period;

"triple peak", which describes a three-fold increase in motor activity during competition with one increase in the first period and two …

The Academic Work-Life Balance Of Entry-Level Athletic Training Students And Its Implications, Grant Pheil

School of Health and Human Performance Theses

Athletic training students (ATS) have been documented to experience stressors and perceive burnout up to this point in their assimilation into the profession. This is understood through recent work-life balance (WLB) and burnout research within the student population, stemming off research recommendations surrounding the professional setting. However, following current educational shifts and worldwide events, prior research is limited surrounding specific graduate level ATS WLB, stressors, coping responses, and comparisons across ATS demographics. The purpose of this study is to identify this balance in graduate level students and highlight stressors or management techniques that will benefit future students pursuing athletic training …

Monitoring Of The State Of Speed And Strength Training Of Highly Qualified Handball Players In The Training Process, Alisher Odilovich Abdalimov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: to determine the attitude of coaches and athletes to the selection of training tools for effective improvement of speed and strength training of highly qualified handball players.

Methods: In order to solve the tasks, set in order to monitor the state of speed and strength training of highly qualified handball players in the training process, we used the questionnaire method.

Results: According to the results of the survey, it was revealed that many coaches do not have enough scientific and theoretical information about the development of speed and strength training. The process of improving the coach's activity is endless, …

Evaluation And Development Prospects Of The Sports And Recreation Market In Poland In 2000–2030. Pest Analysis From A Legal, Economic, Socio-Cultural And Technological Perspective, Joanna Jedel, Pawel Antonowicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The article presents an analysis of legal, economic, social and technological factors affecting the sports and recreation sector in Poland. It attempts to quantify changes of 20 weighted factors that have a significant influence on the shape of the market in 2000–2030. The results are used as a basis for finding the potential growth gap of this sector up until 2050. ‪The methodology selected for the research process was based on a macro-environmental study using PEST analysis. The model in principle requires that its users analyze factors without the feedback effect, i.e. those that determine the shape of the sports …

The Desired Directions Of The Development Of Marketing Strategies Adopted By The Ekstraklasa Clubs On The Basis Of A Comparative Analysis Of The Revenue Structure Of The Leading Ekstraklasa And Premier League Clubs In 2016 And 2017 (Using The Analysis Of Annual Reports And Financial Statements As Well As The Norton And Kaplan Model), Joanna Jedel, Marcin Burchard

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪In the article below the authors will try to answer the question about the usefulness on the Polish market of a marketing and management strategy of a sports enterprise, based on the Norton and Kaplan models, based on the examples functioning in the Premier League. Material and methods:‪For the purpose of this work, the authors have analysed the literature. In addition, annual reports of the Football Business of Ekstraklasa from the seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 made by the official auditors, Ernst & Young Global Limited, were reviewed presenting the financial data of the Ekstraklasa SA clubs.Results:‪ In the circumstances …

Sports Events As An Effective Way Of Brand Marketing Communication Using The Example Of The Orlik Sports Facilities, Lukasz Strzelecki, Tomasz Czuba

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of this paper it to place marketing in the sports context and to explain what sports marketing is today and to show how to effectively implement brand marketing communications using sports facilities. Thus, the object of the authors’ research has been effective marketing communication, with special focus on brand marketing communication at the Orlik sports facilities. Towards this end, the available literature on the subject has been analysed. The authors have attempted to capture the specific character of marketing communication in sport with a view to define conditions for its maximum effectiveness. Apart from the analysis of literature …

Organizational Change And Applicability Of Six Sigma Management Modelin The Turkish National Soccer Team, Halil Orbay Cobanoglu, Mustafa Serdar Terekli, Necmi Gursaka, Necip Serdar Sever

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪In recent years, the Six Sigma Methodology has been primarily applied to the enhancement of performance. The purpose of this study was to implement Six Sigma Management Models in the Turkish National Soccer Team. Material and methods: ‪24 matches of the Turkish National Soccer Team constituted the sample of research. The DMAIC method was used in this study. For statistical analysis of research data, IBM SPSS 18.0 for Windows and Minitab 17 statistical software program were used. As statistical techniques, brainstorm, fishbone, chi-square correlation analysis, Spearman correlation test, process capability analysis and control charts were used, which were the …

Correlations Between Psychomotor Abilities And Selected Personality Variables In Rowers, Dominika Wilczynska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of this study was to present possibilities of using computer tests in the assessment of chosen cognitive skills and an analysis of correlations between the mentioned variables and the level of optimism, self-efficacy, coping strategies, anxiety and perceived stress in Polish national team rowers. Material and methods: The study involved 20 rowers. Cognitive abilities were measured with the following computer tests: the Reaction Test (RT) and the Determination Test (DT) taken from the Vienna Test System (VTS). The VTS has a wide range of psychometric tools to identify the level of athlete’s cognitive abilities as well as …

Changes In Leukocyte Hspa1a, Hspb1 Mrna In Basketball Players After Plyometric Training, Malgorzata Zychowska, Eglė Kemerytė-Riaubienė, Audrius Gocentas, Nijole Jascaniniene, Grzegorz Chruscinski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Exercise-induced stressors activate leukocyte HSPA1A and HSPB1 gene transcripts. However it is not clear how plyometric training affects the expression of these genes in basketball players under plyometric exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in leukocyte HSPA1A and HSPB1 mRNA, in male basketball players after plyometric training. Material/Methods: Twelve male college basketball players (age 22.1 ±2.96 years) took part in this study. Peripheral blood (2.0 ml) was collected from the ulnar vein of each participant before and after a plyometric exercise to assess HSPA1A and HSPB1 mRNA relative expression of leukocyte via quantitative …

Characteristics Of Leisure Sports Activity In A Population With High Cardio-Vascular Disease Mortality, Mikola Misjuk, Margit Kaldmäe, Margus Annuk, Margus Viigimaa

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This paper will study factors behind leisure sports activity. Physical inactivity is a cause of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, it is important to know the factors related to sporting activity. The study is conducted on a sample from Estonia, which is a country with very high mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods: The study involved 1184 participants – 639 women (aged 45.7 ±12.4 years) and 545 men (aged 45.5 ±12.1 years). The following information was gathered: leisure sports activity, age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity at work. Participants …

Typology Of Consumer Behaviors During The 2012 Uefa European Championships, Monika Piatkowska, Sylwia Goclowska, Jolanta Zysko

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Facing a growing diversity of needs, preferences and behaviors among sports events consumers, the segmentation of this market has become a key aspect in designing and implementing marketing programs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to create a 2012 UEFA Euro Championship consumer typology that adopts a segmentation method based on socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Material/Methods: Sample CAPI surveys were conducted among viewers of the 2012 UEFA European Championship (N = 1,000). Consumer profiles were analyzed by adopting basic criteria of marketing segmentation based on socio-economic, demographic and psychographic variables. Due to a hierarchical clustering, authors obtained five …

Students’ Attitude To And Motivation For Outdoor Life, Inga Liepina, Daina Krausta

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the research was to find out how the process of the study course Tourism at the Latvian Academy of Sport Education affects the formation of the students’ attitude towards outdoor life education. Material/Methods: In order to find it out, first of all, we clarified the students’ previous knowledge, understanding of outdoor education, as well as their previous outdoor life experience. The total number of participants was 97 students. Both theoretical and practical classes, as well as a five-day outdoor camp with various outdoor activities were included in the study course Tourism. The method of inquiry was …

Motives For Participation In Active Sport Tourism – Participants Of Holiday Windsurfing Camps, Rajmund Tomik, Katarzyna Gorska, Adam Staszkiewicz, Jacek Polechonski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Active sport tourism involves travelling in order to participate in different forms of movement recreation; engagement in physical activity is the primary aim of active sport tourism. Each and every decision regarding holiday, weekend or one-day trips is made based on several motives of different strength; it is the interaction between the motives that generates the ultimate behaviour of an individual. The aim of the study was to determine the motives behind the decision of holiday windsurfing camp participants to become engaged in this particular form of active sport tourism. Material/Methods: Seventy-three participants of windsurfing camps in Jastarnia (Hel …

Study Regarding The Role Of Motivation In The Sport Performance Activities, Paul Florian Dragos

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: What does it mean to be motivated? This is a question often formulated by psychologists and other researchers of human behavior. However it is a question which interests more or less managers and coaches, but the produced effects can be determinative for the activity of sports performance at all levels. Material/Methods: The present work aims to analyze the measurements in which the actions connected to athletes’ motivation , undertaken by sports organizations, influence and support their activities in order to increase performance. For this purpose we used the literature survey, a questionnaire, data analysis and data processing. This research …

Development Of Model Mesocycles Of One - Year Training Of Young Judokas In The First Training Year At The Stage Of Primary Training, Timur Gayratovich Shatursunov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: Experimental substantiation of the methodology for training young judokas of the first year training at the primary stage by introducing the developed 12 model mesocycles of one-year training.

Methods: Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, questioning, pedagogical observations, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics (arithmetic mean, arithmetic mean error, Student's t-test).

Results: Analysis of the increase in the results of young judokas of the experimental group during a one-year training in the first year of training at the stage of primary training showed positive significant differences at a significance level of p

Conclusion: The developed …

Investigation Of Athletes' Health Disorders Risk Models, Fikrat Azizovich Kerimov, Davronbek Zikrullaevich Narzullaev, Alisher Tulkunovich Tursunov, Gaffor Bobosharipovich Yomgirov, Bekzod Boyqobilovich Karimov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: Development and theoretical-experimental substantiation of the risk model for the health impairment of athletes in order to further automation of the process of training highly qualified athletes, as well as optimizing the construction of the training process based on the use of innovative technologies that increase its efficiency with optimal expenditure of time and energy of athletes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of applied automation and modeling methods, questionnaires of athletes and coaches, sports testing, applied pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.

Results: Students of physical culture universities (athletes) are more likely to encounter syndromes that characterize a violation of the …

Gender Inequalities In Polish And International Sports Organisations, Zbigniew Dziubinski, Natalia Organista

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this article is to check whether gender inequalities occur in Polish sports organisations and what the scale of those inequalities is in comparison to international organisations. Other aims relate to verification whether there exists a policy to align these inequalities: provisions prohibiting discrimination due to gender, rules and regulations providing women with a specified number of seats in the crucial positions of the organisation and activity of women’s sports committees. Material/Methods: The study used methods characteristic of sociology, especially methods of examining official documents: on the one hand, information generated by other empirical data from official …

Ways To Improve The Professional Skills Of Kurash Coaches, Azamkhonov Ashrafkhonovich Oltinkhon

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: It consists in conducting a public survey of kurash coaches and parents of athletes from youth sports schools and pedagogical analysis of the results obtained.

Methods: Analysis of materials of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical analysis, questionnaire analysis. Results: In order to make kurash more popular, it was determined that it is necessary to provide full information to parents about the importance of this sport for the health of young people, as well as to create all conditions for the preparation of methodological manuals, the organization of training based on innovative methods, as …

Fundamental Movement Skills Of Six- To Seven-Year-Old Children In The First Grade Of Elementary School: A Pilot Study, Marcin Korbecki, Sara Wawrzyniak, Andrzej Rokita

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of the study was to determine fundamental movement skills of elementary school first-graders and to seek whether fundamental movement skills correlate with the pupils’ age and gender. The study involved students in the first grade of elementary school in Krosno. The study was conducted at the beginning of the 2015/2016 school year. A total of 98 pupils (43 girls and 55 boys) aged six and seven were tested, using the Test of Gross Motor Development – 2nd Edition. The study showed that the results of fundamental movement skills depend on the children’s age and gender. Older girls achieved …