Digital Commons Network^™

Measures Of Fluid Loss During Surfing: A Preliminary Analysis In Recreational Surfers, Rudi A. Meir, Zachary James Crowley-Mchattan Dr, Lyndon O. Brooks, Blake Duncan, Christian Gorrie, Jeremy Sheppard

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Surfing is a popular sport, but little is known about the extent to which recreational surfers experience fluid loss from this activity. The principal objective of this research was to estimate fluid loss during a surfing session through changes in pre- to post-session urine color (Ucol), urine osmolality (Uosm), and body mass (BM). Data were collected from 11 recreational surfers across 14 surf sessions conducted under various environmental (mean water temperature = 22.1 SD ± 2.3; range = 20-26^oC; air temperature range = 13.1-31.5^oC; relative humidity range = 37.5-88.1%) and surfing conditions (e.g. winter/summer, wave type, …

Individual Eeg Asymmetry As A Predictor Of Hydration Status During Exercise In The Heat, Ayano Katayama

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hydration behavior varies among individuals; continuous and correct fluid consumption behavior prevents decreased physical performance and severe dehydration, especially during extended exercise and hot environments. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine individual frontal alpha electroencephalographic asymmetry index (FAI) score in eu-hydrated, hypo-hydrated, and exercise in well-trained men and assess if there is a correlation between FAI score and individual ad libitum fluid consumption behavior. Subjects were kinesiology major college students ranging from 21 to 29 years of age. Subjects were categorized either approach group (n = 8) with resting FAI score more than 0 or avoidance …

Technical Freediving: An Emerging Breath-Hold Diving Technique, Derek Covington, Robert H. Lee, Steven Toffel, Alberto Bursian, Kirk Krack, Chris Giordano

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Technical freediving can be defined as freediving augmented by the use of oxygen-enriched gases or oxygen before, during, or after a freedive. As a result of these techniques, breath-hold divers can visit and enjoy underwater wrecks, reefs, and other diving locations previously located at depths unreachable to apnea divers. By pre-breathing oxygen-enriched gases in conjunction with hyperventilation—which decreases the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)—the technical freediver now has additional oxygen to facilitate aerobic respiration during the dive. In addition, pre-breathing oxygen decreases tissue nitrogen tensions, which limits inert gas loading and decreases the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). Finally, …

Career Pathway Through Exercise Science, Renee Cloeter

Honors Projects

College students have many choices for choosing a major that will lead to a profession or post-graduate school following graduation with a Bachelor’s or Associates degree. For many, making this decision can be daunting and time-consuming as it is important to select the right major for future endeavors. Several students change majors multiple times throughout the course of their college careers causing them to remain in school for an extended period of time to complete graduation. Researching and analyzing potential majors as a new student is a part of the process, but some students may skip this step as there …

The Effect Of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning On Exercise Hyperemia In Multiple Sclerosis, Jane E. Rosmarin

Honors Theses

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-invasive technique in which blood flow is cut off to a limb for a short period of time which produces a protective effect throughout the whole body to subsequent low oxygen conditions. One of the prominent cardiovascular limitations to exercise in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) is fatigue, which may stem from the decreased delivery of oxygen to muscle tissue during exercise. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that RIPC would increase forearm blood flow (FBF) and utilization of oxygen at the level of the muscle tissue in individuals with …

Oscillations In Neural Drive And Age-Related Reductions In Force Steadiness With A Cognitive Challenge, Hugo M. Pereira, Bonnie A. Schlinder-Delap Mrs., Kevin G. Keenan, Francesco Negro, Dario Farina, Allison S. Hyngstrom, Kristy A. Nielson, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

A cognitive challenge when imposed during a low-force isometric contraction will exacerbate sex- and age-related decreases in force steadiness, but the mechanism is not known. We determined the role of oscillations in the common synaptic input to motor units on force steadiness during a muscle contraction with a concurrent cognitive challenge. Forty-nine young adults (19–30 yr; 25 women, 24 men) and 36 old adults (60–85 yr; 19 women, 17 men) performed a cognitive challenge (counting backward by 13) during an isometric elbow flexion task at 5% of maximal voluntary contraction. Single-motor units were decomposed from high-density surface EMG recordings. For …

Cardiorespiratory Responses To Shallow Water Exercise: A Sex Comparison, Mitchell Garant Fisher, Laura Jean Miller, Jerusalem Tesfaye, Karen Roemer, Debra Mary D'Acquisto, Leo Joseph D'Acquisto

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This investigation examined physiological responses to shallow water exercise (SWE) and to a high-intensity interval SWE workout (HIISWE) in males (M, n=9) and females (F, n=9). Participants performed 5 X 5 min. SWE bouts (bts.) at ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 (Borg scale) and a maximal bout of SWE with metabolic, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BLa) responses monitored. The same measurements were performed during HIISWE (4 X 4-min bts., alternating 20-s “all-out” and 10-s rest). Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂) and BLa were greater in M (3.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 …

Comparing Vascular Deficiency Between Caucasian And Hispanic Metabolic Syndrome Women, Lorenzo Juarez, Jerene Yazzie, Andi Johnson, Abraham Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Ariel Gomez, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States especially in Hispanics. People with Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) generally have high blood pressure, excess body fat and fasting glucose and abnormal cholesterol. We evaluated Hispanic (HS) and Caucasian (CA) women diagnosed with MetSyn in New Mexico and sedentary control with an initial screening and vascular measurements. Previous work from our lab indicated significant deficiencies between the control and MetSyn women in the measurements of the vascular mechanisms of developing deficits associated with the metabolic deficiencies. We aimed to identify if the health disparate HS population …

Dynamic Graded Muscle Exercise In Sedentary Metabolic Syndrome Women; Effects On Cardiac Workload, Abraham Gomez, Lorenzo Juarez, Ariel Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Andi Johnson, Jerene Yazzie, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) individuals presented declining sensitivity to insulin (p=.0201) as calculated by insulin sensitivity index (ISI-60) measurement. The young women categorized as MetSyn were previously found to have significantly lower (ISI-60) from healthy controls (Gomez, 2018), and had higher percent body fat (p< .05), diminished HDL (p< .05), and higher expenditure of Kcals (p=.04) compared to controls as measured by 7 day accelerometer. Cardiovascular modification is hypothesized to involve progressive dysfunction of the insulin mediated AKT/PKB eNOS pathway. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify if daily sedentary activity is associated with myocardial workload in the development of the metabolic disorder. We hypothesized metabolic syndrome individuals Rate Pressure Product (RPP) would be at elevated at rest and through various workloads of small muscle exercise. METHODS: We compared daily activity to heart …

Effects Of High Concentration Vivissential Amino Acids Sports Drink Ingestion On Performance In Trained Athletes, Klaudia Szych, Ariel Gomez, Jerene Yazzie, Sarah A. Massey, Lorenzo Juarez, Andi Johnson, Shannon Jackson, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Essential amino acids are necessary for protein nutrition and muscle sustainability. Previous studies looking at the effects of BCAAs did not result in measurable reductions in muscle damage and enhanced recovery of muscle function. PURPOSE: The Calwood Nutritionals Company manufactures a balanced nutritional formula of amino acids with the addition of a higher concentration of arginine and methionine, which during an acute 3-day study in our lab decreased muscle degradation in a young sedentary population. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in performance following the chronic consumption of the essential amino acids in collegiate athletes …

The Influence Of Fatiguing Exercise On Power Output, Lena Kate Perry

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Physical fatigue impairs performance during high power, short duration activities. As technological developments permit new methods of measuring this effect, it is important to validate existing paradigms. The purpose was to determine if kinetic measurements from vertical jump (VJ) tests are influenced by fatigue based on explosive power outputs. A sample of athletes (9 men, 26 women) from a Division I NCAA sports program completed testing. To establish baseline VJ kinetics, athletes performed a controlled warm-up and then completed six jumps using Sparta Science technology, each separated by 15s rest. Sparta software computed three force outputs: Load, Explode and Drive. …

Comparison Of Muscle Physiology And Performance Outcomes From Either Relative Intensity Or Repetition Maximum Training, Kevin Carroll

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The main purpose of this dissertation was to compare performance and physiological outcomes of between a repetition maximum (RM) and a relative intensity using sets-and-repetitions (RI_SR) resistance training (RT) program in well-trained lifters. Fifteen subjects underwent RT 3 d·wk^-1 for 10-weeks in either a RM group (n=8) or RI_SR group (n=7). The RM group achieved a relative maximum each day while the RI_SR group trained based on percentages. Testing included percutaneous needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis, ultrasonography, unweighted (g to assess within and between-group alterations. RI_SR from pre-to-post yielded statistically significant increases in …

Comparison Of Psychological States Of Runners Within Urban And Rural Environments, Christian Demastus

Honors Theses

With the research on persons health and well being increasing within the past years, new questions have emerged on if certain environments can also benefit along with exercise. This study looked at the different psychological states of endurance runners as they run in urban environments and transition into rural settings. The results of this study showed significant differences between urban and rural environments. Also showed increased focus going downhill in nature and greater inward attention while moving uphill in nature. With the findings from this study, it explains why runners choose to run or train where they do.

Optimizing High-Speed Exercise Performance : Effect Of Load., Ling Bai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify an optimal load for the knee extension exercise done with Impulse (Newnan, GA). Forty-one women and twenty-nine men made six laboratory visits, including two familiarization sessions of the knee extension exercise and four real workout sessions which entailed four 30-second exercise sets, separated by 120-second rests, against four different loads (0Kg, 3.41Kg, 5.68Kg, 7.95Kg). A Latin Squares design was used to counterbalance the sequence of the sets. Average force (AF), peak force (PF), total work (TW), Impulse value, and the number of knee extension repetitions were each analyzed with a 2 (gender) …

Supplemental Training And Injury Prevention In The Sport Of Ultra-Running, Jessica M. Heidebrink

Senior Honors Theses

By definition, ultra-marathon running is a sport that covers any distance above the 26.2-mile marathon distance in a single race. The mountains of Virginia host many ultra-marathon races that attract endurance runners from all over the nation to participate. Training is an essential component of running an ultra. Although there is not one specific way to train for an ultra, there is research that correlates the success of the top ultra-runners and their training preferences regarding supplemental training and injury prevention. To gain a more complete understanding of how to prepare for a successful ultra-marathon, an online survey was created …

Baseline And Post-Concussive Neurocognitive And Physiological Assessments In Minor Student Athletes, Sarah A. Massey, Sierra Duran, Klaudia Szych, Andi Johnson, Ariel Gomez, Lorenzo Juarez, Annajita A. Rubio, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: There is a higher risk of post-concussion syndrome among minor athletes. This has resulted in The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), which is currently the primary test for collegiate and high school athletes for concussion assessment and return to play. Previous work from our lab has indicated a significant detection of cognitive deficit with a battery of cognitive testing including the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) and dual task testing incorporating balance testing along with the Stroop and number recall. In the previous findings these tests identified cognitive decline including reaction time and fine motor deficiencies …

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Attenuation By Acute Consumption Of Essential Amino Acids, Andi Johnson, Klaudia Szych, Ariel Gomez, Shannon Jackson, Annajita A. Rubio, Sarah A. Massey, Abraham Gomez, Lorenzo Juarez, Matthew A. Barlow 5622543

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Essential amino acids have been known to be necessary for protein nutrition whether they are obtained by eating proteins or by a formula of the essential amino acids. Studies have consistently demonstrated the acute benefits of protein supplementation on post-exercise muscle anabolism, which may facilitate the recovery of muscle function and performance. However, when protein supplements have been provided in research studies, acute changes in post-exercise protein synthesis and anabolic intracellular signaling have not resulted in measureable reductions in muscle damage and enhanced recovery of muscle function. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to implement a specific content …

Assessment Of Multiple Concussive Athletes With Dual Task Triple Stroop And Aerobic Exercise, Sierra Duran, Sarah A. Massey, Ariel Gomez, Matthew A. Barlow 5622543

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Athletic concussion testing has mostly recently relied on a sedentary computer neurocognitive test battery called the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Previous tests directly compare baseline with post-concussion analysis of patient in regards to different cognitive aspects including; working memory, processing speed, and response time. No physical tests are included in the ImPACT analysis for return-to-play action. PURPOSE: In previous studies from our lab in these populations we concluded that the combination of a physical neural impediment with cognitive tests (dual-task with balance impairment) created a greater degree of impairment not observed in the sedentary ImPACT test. …

Insulin Sensitivity Effects On Peripheral Vascular Responses To Fmd In Metabolic Syndrome Women., Ariel Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Annajita A. Rubio, Shannon Jackson, Matthew A. Barlow

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sedentary populations with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have presented with impaired vascular dysfunction, including vasodilation reduced 40-50%. The mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction has also been associated to the bioavailability of nitric oxide levels and in metabolic compromised individuals the diminished content of endothelial NO are a prime mechanistic target for study. PURPOSE: We hypothesize that decreased reactive hyperemia observed in MetSyn compared to age matched-control patients are primarily due to mechanistic dysfunction of the eNOS pathway and lower Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI). METHODS: 30 participants (10 MetSyn and 20 Controls) completed brachial FMD testing and vascular …

Effects Of Natural Nutritional Beverages On Anaerobic Exercise Performance, Clare Margaret Zamzow

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Dietary nitrate (NO₃-) can serve as a substrate for the important signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Recent studies suggest that NO₃- beet juice could be beneficial during anaerobic (i.e. short duration, high power) exercise, though this area has received much less attention than beet juice’s effects during aerobic exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if acute dietary NO₃- supplementation, in the form of beet juice, could improve measures of anaerobic power in trained, healthy men during a primarily anaerobic bout of exercise. A secondary purpose was to investigate if …

An Examination Of The Workloads And The Effectiveness Of An Athlete Monitoring Program In Ncaa Division I Men's Soccer, Matthew L. Sams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this dissertation were to examine common athlete training and monitoring practices in men’s collegiate soccer and to report the programming strategies and monitoring outcomes for an NCAA Division I men’s collegiate soccer team whose coaching and sport science staff collaborated on a daily basis. The following are the major findings of the dissertation:

Study 1 – Coaches from all divisions of play responded to a custom survey. A majority of coaches developed an in-season training plan that varied both daily and weekly volume and intensity. One-third of the coaches performed no athlete monitoring, and a number of …

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation And Sports Performance, Dylan J. Edwards, Mar Cortes, Susan Wortman-Jutt, David Putrino, Marom Bikson, Gary Thickbroom, Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Self Reported Knowledge Of Concussion Symptoms And Management By Middle And High School Club Lacrosse Coaches, Logan Ellis

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

TITLE: Self-reported knowledge of concussion symptoms and management by middle and high school club lacrosse coaches

AUTHORS: Logan Ellis

BACKGROUND: With an increase in sport participation across all levels, concussion prevalence has increased as well as reliance on coaches to recognize a concussed player. Little research has been done investigating how effective our current educational materials are with Lacrosse coaches of grades 6-12.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross- Sectional

LEVEL of EVIDENCE: Level 4

METHODS: Self-administered, online survey that included closed ended questions regarding recognition of signs and symptoms, consequences of inappropriate care, perception of own knowledge, …

Using The Medication Cabinet To Predict Fall Risk In Elderly Adults, Jessica Lopez

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Background: In the United States, 30-60% of older adults fall each year; 10-20% of these falls result in injury, hospitalization, or even death. Better prevention of falls in this population may be facilitated by broader identification of risk factors. The use of statins has emerged as a potential risk factor, but the data provide conflicted results.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between statin use and falls among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: We evaluated the patient registry of a Level 1 trauma center. All patients aged > 50 years who were admitted for falls in 2015 were included (n=615). Many of these …

ผลฉับพลันของการออกกำลังกายแบบแอโรบิคระหว่างปริมาณออกซิเจนปกติและปริมาณออกซิเจนต่ำความดันบรรยากาศปกติที่มีต่อชีวกลศาสตร์ของการขยายทรวงอกขณะหายใจ, ต้อง คงวิเศษ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษารูปแบบการหายใจจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงปริมาตรทรวงอกทั้ง 4 ส่วน ได้แก่ ทรวงอกส่วนบน (Superior thoracic: ST) ทรวงอกส่วนล่าง (Inferior thoracic: IT) ช่องท้องส่วนบน (Superior abdomen: SA) และ ช่องท้องส่วนล่าง (Inferior abdomen: IA) หลังการออกกำลังกายแบบแอโรบิกระหว่างสภาวะออกซิเจนปกติ และสภาวะออกซิเจนต่ำ ความดันปกติ (ปริมาณ O2 15%) วิธีดำเนินการวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นนิสิตนักศึกษา และนักกีฬาสมัครเล่นชมรมฟุตซอล จำนวน14 คน อายุ 18-25 ปี มีอายุเฉลี่ย 19.93 ± 1.14 ปี ส่วนสูงเฉลี่ย 173.71± 4.65 ซม น้ำหนัก 63.79 ± 7.28 kg เก็บข้อมูลโดยการวิเคราะห์จากภาพ 3 มิติ โดยทำการติดตั้ง Marker บริเวณช่วงลำตัวทั้งหมด 30 จุด บันทึกภาพรูปแบบการหายใจ ก่อน และหลังการออกกำลังกายทันทีโดยกล้องความเร็วสูง จำนวน 6 ตัว วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยโปรแกรมวิเคราะห์การเคลื่อนไหว Qualisys Motion Capture System เพื่อนำมาคำนวณการเปลี่ยนแปลงปริมาตรหลังการออกกำลังกายแบบแอโรบิก ในสภาวะออกซิเจนปกติ และสภาวะออกซิเจนต่ำ ความดันปกติ ในแต่ละส่วน เปรียบเทียบผลการวิจัยก่อน-หลังการฝึก และ ระหว่างสภาวะ โดยใช้ pair t- test กำหนดระดับความมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ p-value ≤ 0.05 ผลการวิจัย: หลังออกกำลังกายแบบแอโรบิก ในสภาวะออกซิเจนต่ำความดันบรรยากาศปกติ พบว่าความจุปอดเต็มที่ (Vital Capacity: VC) ของ IT, SA และ IA มีปริมาตรเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ และเมื่อวิเคราะห์ปริมาตรความจุหายใจเข้า (Inspiratory …

Neuroscience Knowledge Among Athletic Training Professional Programs, Douglas M. Seavey, Chris Beatty, Tyler Lenhoff, Andrew Krause

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

The Journal of Sports Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, 2016;2(1) ISSN: 2376-9289 Seavey, Beatty, Lenhoff, & Krause. Neuroscience Knowledge Among Athletic Training Professional Programs

Neuroscience Knowledge Among Athletic Training Professional Programs

Douglas M. Seavey, AT, Christopher T. Beatty, Tyler L. Lenhoff, & Bentley A. Krause, PhD, AT

Ohio University, College of Health Sciences & Professions, Division of Athletic Training. ____________________________________________________________________

Context: Athletic trainers (ATs), more than any other healthcare professional, has expertise in areas of on-field assessment and management of sport related concussion and spinal cord injury. A search of the key words “brain” (n=>100) or “spinal cord/spine” …

The Impact Of Hydration Status During Heat Acclimation On Physiological Strain And Exercise Performance, Michael W. Schleh

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Heat acclimation promotes adaptations to attenuate physiological and perceptual strain associated with heat stress, and may be enhanced by promoting dehydration during acclimation. Purpose: To determine i) the effect of fluid delivery during acclimation by inducing dehydration (DEH=0.5 mL / kg / 15 min) vs. euhydration (EUH=2.0 mL / kg ^/ 15min) following three heat acclimation bouts on heat stress factors, and ii) to determine if fluid delivery (EUH vs. DEH) affects aerobic performance in the heat. Methods: Thirteen aerobically fit males completed 90-minute heat stress test (HST) in hot conditions (40°C, 30% RH) walking at 50% VO₂ max …

The Regulation Of Human Iron Metabolism In Hypoxia, Andrew Govus

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Athletes commonly use altitude exposure in an attempt to improve their aerobic performance at sea level. Altitude exposure enhances erythropoiesis and iron-dependent oxidative and glycolytic enzyme production, for this reason, athletes must maintain a healthy iron balance at altitude. A negative iron balance at altitude may limit such physiological adaptations, potentially reducing the performance benefits of altitude exposure.

This thesis examined the regulation of iron metabolism during acute (~31 min, Study One) and prolonged altitude exposure (14 days, Study Two). Finally, Study Three examined how daily oral iron supplementation influenced haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and iron parameter responses to prolonged, moderate …

The Effect Of Fluid Periodization On Athletic Performance Outcomes In American Football Players, Christopher W. Morris

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

For decades strength and conditioning professionals have been seeking optimal training volumes and intensities to yield maximum performance outcomes without the onset of injury. Unfortunately, current studies apply experimental training techniques without considering the individuals’ response to the imposed training load. Due to the vast genetic variability and extraneous environmental factors that affect one’s ability to recover, results from such studies are controversial and inconclusive. Athlete monitoring systems offer an objective assessment that is purported to evaluate an individual’s physiological readiness to adapt to an overload stimulus and thus allow for daily manipulations in training loads (i.e., fluid periodization). However, …

Effects Of Various Partial Body Cooling Techniques On Core Temperature During Recovery From Prolonged Cycling-Induced Heat Stress, Afton Danielle Seeley

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using an ice-vest and a palm cooling device on core and skin temperatures, heart rate, and perceived thermal comfort during a one hour recovery period following exercise in the heat. Ten recreationally active adults cycled for one hour at 50% V0₂ peak on a cycle ergometer while exposed to 36°C 45%relative humidity environmental conditions. Following exercise, each subjectwas exposed to an ice vest, a palm cooling device, or a non cooling control while seated in the environmental chamber for 60 more minutes. No significant differencewas found betweenany of …