Digital Commons Network^™

Vol. 3, No. 1: Women Migrants Play Positive Role, Jonathan Crush, Vincent Williams

Southern African Migration Programme

No abstract provided.

Negotiating New Asian American Masculinities: Attitudes And Gender Expectations, Peter Chua, Diane Fujino

Faculty Publications, Sociology

The article examines how Asian-American men construct their own masculinities. Changes in Asian-American heterosexual masculinity are of great interest within the Asia-American communities and to the general public. Historically this racialized masculinity was both hypermasculanized and desexualized as a way to limit economic and racial opportunities in the U.S. While these dichotomous ideas about Asian-American masculinities are still pervasive new articulations of what it means to be male, straight, and Asian American are affecting different Asian-American communities and interpersonal relationships at home and in workplaces. Issues of Asian- American masculinities are brought up in relation to interracial dating and marriage, …

Literature Review: Challenging Hiv-Related Stigma And Discrimination In Southeast Asia: Past Successes And Future Priorities, Joanna Busza

HIV and AIDS

Pervasive stigma has surrounded HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the pandemic. In Southeast Asia, as elsewhere, it has been accompanied by discrimination, affecting transmission patterns and access to care and support. This paper describes the regional experience of stigma and discrimination and offers a review of community-based interventions that have attempted to reduce them. The evidence presented comes primarily from unpublished literature and anecdotal evidence gained through interviews with project staff throughout the region.

Children's Perceptions Of Older Adults : Past And Present, Mary Kathryn Hatcher Jones

Graduate Research Papers

This study compared more recent research findings, 1990s to present, with the results of earlier research studies, 1970s and 1980s, to determine whether children's perceptions of older adults have changed. Factors that contribute to and inhibit children's positive perceptions of older adults were identified. Guidelines for facilitating children's positive perceptions of older adults were suggested, and conclusions were drawn from the literature. Recommendations were made for further study of children's perceptions of older adults.

The Female Condom In Zimbabwe: The Interplay Of Research, Advocacy, And Government Action, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

During the past decade, a significant increase in reported cases of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe prompted the government, local organizations, and international donors to intensify prevention efforts. As part of this response, in November 1996 Zimbabwe’s National AIDS Coordinating Programme invited Population Services International to launch a social marketing program to promote the female condom, making this protective device widely available for the first time in Africa. After an acceptability study showed that Zimbabwean men and women liked using the female condom, leaders of these organizations encouraged public discussion and media attention, which helped pave the way to approval and introduction …

Ebonics: The Debate Which Never Happened, Barbara Birch

Ethnic Studies Review

The thesis of this paper is that no substantive and impartial debate about the pedagogical value of using Ebonics in the classroom could be held in the United States media because America's prescriptive attitude towards Ebonics does not allow fair and objective consideration of the issue. In presenting this theme I will discuss language ideologies in general and prescription in particular as a common attitude towards language. Prescription with respect to Ebonics usually takes the form of language prejudice. I will conclude with an introduction to one area of language planning, status planning, in which language planners try to improve …

Improving The Management Of Stis Among Mch/Fp Clients At The Nakuru Municipal Council Health Clinics, Julie Solo, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, James Kariba Wabaru, Bedan Kiare Kariuki, Gregory Maitha

Reproductive Health

In an effort to address the global crisis of HIV/AIDS and to reduce the spread of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), maternal and child health/family planning (MCH/FP) programs have attempted to integrate the management of STIs into their services. This integration was endorsed at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo. However, as noted in this report, programs have encountered a number of difficulties as they try to effectively manage STIs in an MCH/FP setting. In particular, the effective detection and treatment of STIs has proven difficult among MCH/FP populations. This current study was developed to help …

Clags Forms New Advocacy Committee, Elizabeth Freeman

Center for LGBTQ Studies (CLAGS)

During the 1990s, attacks on the arts and higher education have demonized Women's Studies and Gay/Lesbian Studies, as well as those courses designed to make higher education available to academically underprivileged students. The CLAGS Board of Directors has come to feel that CLAGS should be taking a leading role in debates that use homophobia, racism, and sexism to justify cuts in funding for the arts and education, restrictions on freedom of academic and artistic expression, and policies that restrict access to higher learning. For this reason, we have formed a Board committee for advocacy in the arts and education.

Symbol Of Youth, Savior From Aging: Dialectical Relationship Between American Attitudes On Vitamin E And Toward Aging, Thalia Rios

Masters Theses

This study explores the dialectical relationship between American attitudes about Vitamin E and American attitudes toward aging. Through an examination of this dialectic, I will demonstrate that Vitamin E's history has contributed greatly to current American discourses on aging. For many Americans, the vitamin symbolizes youth and health because they perceive that its use can prevent or slow the aging process. During the 1990s, many Americans' early negative perceptions of Vitamin E as a quack substance have changed, partly due to recent research advances and studies that have further elucidated its powerful antioxidant function against harmful free radicals. Meanwhile, many …

Silver Bulletin, Volume Xiii, Number 1, Texas Silver-Haired Legislature, William J. Sagstetter, Felix Nigh

Texas Silver-Haired Legislature

Silver Bulletin volume XIII number 1 published January 1999. This publication of the Texas Silver-Haired Legislature was edited by William J. (Bill) Sagstetter with Felix Nigh serving as an advisory editor.

The University As Citizen: Institutional Identity And Social Responsibility, William M. Sullivan

Higher Education

To act responsibly, we must know who we are. If higher education today is uncertain about its social responsibilities, as seems manifestly the case, then this suggests that the American academy is unsure about its institutional identity. For organizations as for individuals, responsibility follows from relationships. But relationships grow out of our purposes even as how we relate to others helps to shape our aims. Vital and successful institutions stand out by their ability to maintain their direction and sense of meaning even amid significant shifts in the social landscape. Indeed, they can aid in providing direction for other institutions, …

[Review Of] Jan Lin. Reconstructing Chinatown: Ethnic Enclaves And Global Change, Russell Endo

Ethnic Studies Review

In contemporary economic globalization with its cross-border flows of labor and capital, advanced and less advanced economies have become more integrated, and in certain respects the former have become more similar to the latter. For example, major American and European "global cities" such as New York and London have seen the growth of a lower economic sector of low paying, labor intensive manufacturing and service work alongside an upper economic sector of international financial and corporate activity. This dual conceptualization of cities is the framework Jan Lin uses to examine the influence of macro level global forces on economic and …

Schooling And Ethnocultural Communities In Canada: Alternatives For Planning A Post-Modern Century, Stacy Churchill, Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill

Ethnic Studies Review

This essay examines trends in education that affect Canadian schools.

Politics Of Language: The California Bilingual Education Initiative, Amara Holstein

Ethnic Studies Review

This essay examines issues of power and multiculturalism in relation to the education of children through debate over monolingual versus bilingual education and how language is a source of power.

Ethnic Studies Review

Ethnic Studies Review

No abstract provided.

Strategies Of Resistance And Disengagement In An Ethnic Enclave: Ei Barrio In Aurora, Illinois, Jack Thornburg

Ethnic Studies Review

This paper is a case study of a small city undergoing a process of demographic and ethnic change in community, empowerment, and political participation. For the dominant ethnic group these changes are threatening, but resisting the Latino community that they fear tends to set in motion the very conditions that exacerbate the growing prevalence of poverty and the attendant problems of gangs, domestic violence, and school drop-out rates. For the Latino community the challenge to such resistance is through community organizing and bringing pressure upon the city for inclusion in the political structure to influence policy regarding these problems.

[Review Of] Alaina Lemon. Between Two Fires: Gypsy Performance And Romani Memory From Pushkin To Post-Socialism, Cynthia R. Kasee

Ethnic Studies Review

When most people hear the word "Gypsy," images are automatically conjured up of nomadic caravans of colorfully attired, swarthy-complected romantic souls, accompanied, of course, by the mournful strains of a violin. Others think of fortune tellers, confidence swindlers, even nefarious home improvement crews, painting driveways with black paint and charging for blacktopping. Whichever stereotype comes to mind, it is the conjurer's assertion that this is the real thing, the authentic reality of Gypsy life.

[Review Of] Stewart E. Tolnay. The Bottom Rung: African American Family Life On Southern Farms, Clarence Spigner

Ethnic Studies Review

Stewart E. Tolnay has a message to deliver. In his excellent historical treatise on the family life of African American sharecroppers he counters current belief that rural Southern blacks who migrated North brought with them a dysfunctional family structure, a view espoused today by scholars as politically disparate as the liberal Daniel Patrick Moynihan and the conservative Charles Murray. Through the use of interview data gathered from the New Dears Federal Writers Project and with statistical analysis of U. S. Census data, Tolnay's seven chapters and epilogue span the years 1910-1940 from the post-Slavery period and the era of Jim …

[Review Of] Chon A. Noriega. Shot In America: Television, The State, And The Rise Of Chicano Cinema, Elsa O. Valdez

Ethnic Studies Review

Shot in America provides the reader with a complex historical examination of the representation and exclusion of Chicano filmmakers within the American film and television industry. This comprehensive study covers a forty-year period of political activism by Chicano media makers. Noriega's powerful analysis begins with the relationship between Chicano "poetic consciousness" and social movements, the state, and mass media; follows the protests against the Frito Bandito commercials in the 1960s, the media reform movement, the emergence and decline of Chino public affairs programming, and the rise of Chicano professionalism within the independent sector; and concludes with a brief overview of …

Mortality Decline And The Demographic Response: Toward A New Agenda, Mark R. Montgomery

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

A central proposition of demographic transition theory is that declines in infant and child mortality can encourage subsequent declines in fertility. Even the earliest formulations of the theory recognized that fertility decline would occur only with a lag, but neither theory nor empirical work has explored the length of such lags. This paper urges that individual perceptions and beliefs about mortality risks, conspicuously absent from the demographic research agenda, be studied directly. It proceeds to link mortality perceptions to health care decisionmaking and investments in children. The paper concludes by calling for a new agenda on mortality decline. This agenda …

The Decline Of Female Circumcision In Egypt: Evidence And Interpretation, Omaima El-Gibaly, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Female circumcision is widespread in Egypt. Research suggests that the practice persists because of a belief that circumcision will moderate female sexuality, that it will assure a girl’s marriageability, and that it is sanctioned by Islam. Using data from a nationally representative survey of adolescents, this paper investigates the prevalence and social correlates of circumcision among girls aged 10-19, the circumstances surrounding the procedure, and the attitudes of adolescents towards it. While the vast majority of adolescents are circumcised, a life table analysis indicates that girls today are at least 10 percentage points less likely to undergo female circumcision than …

The Spread Of Primary Schooling In Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications For Fertility Change, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Carol E. Kaufman, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Caldwell has hypothesized that the onset of the fertility transition would be linked with the achievement of “mass formal schooling.” In sub-Saharan Africa, a region where some countries have begun the fertility transition but many have not, the extent of progress toward mass schooling has not yet been assessed. This paper fills a gap in the literature using newly available Demographic and Health Survey data to assess schooling patterns and trends for 17 sub-Saharan African countries. As background to that assessment, the paper includes a literature review, an overview of the recent history of African education, and an evaluation of …

Designing Collaborations Between Community Based Organizations And Schools To Produce Curriculum Models For Service- Learning Programs (Richardson Nature Center), Richardson Nature Center

Guides

Richardson Nature Center, located in Bloomington, Minnesota, is part of the Hennepin Parks System. Richardson Nature Center is working in collaboration with local fourth and fifth grade classrooms to teach environmental education in a variety of ways. Students in these classrooms learn about the environment through classroom lessons and experiences at Richardson. Teachers and Richardson naturalists team teach the lessons. The main goal of this program is to impart knowledge, awareness and positive values about the environment to students. Another goal is to familiarize students with Richardson Nature Center, in hopes that they will visit the center after having an …

Gay Rights For Gay Whites: Race, Sexual Identity, And Equal Protection Discourse, Darren L. Hutchinson

Faculty Articles

My argument proceeds in four parts. Part I situates my discussion of the synergistic relationship among race, class, gender, and sexuality within a broader body of research on the "intersectionality'' of systems of oppression and of identity categories. Part I then examines how my scholarship attempts to advance this literature both substantively and conceptually. Part II expounds my claim that the comparative and essentialist treatment of race and sexuality within pro-gay and lesbian theory and politics marginalizes gay, lesbian, bisexual, and trans­gendered persons of color and constructs and reinforces the notion that the gay and lesbian community is uniformly white …

An Understanding Of Selected Familial Dynamics As They Relate To The Prevention Of Substance Use Among Youth From St. Martin, Vincent A. David

Dissertations

Problem. Various studies examined the relationship between youth, drug use, and the role that families play in influencing such use. Thus, it is evident that youth use drugs, and thereasons for their drug use vary widely. However, there have not been widespread research done on the youth who do not use drugs, particularly from a family perspective. Also, no research study has been known to be conducted on St. Martin of such nature.

Purpose. This study sought to gain an understanding on how selected familial dynamics functioned within three families in deterring their youth from becoming involved in …

Four Models Of The Criminal Process, Kent Roach

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Liberty Interested In The Preventive State: Procedural Due Process And Sex Offender Community Notification Laws, Wayne A. Logan

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Reforming American Penal Law, Markus Dirk Dubber

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Book Review

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

Kalina V. Fletcher: Another Qualification Of Imbler's Prosecutorial Immunity Doctrine, Anne H. Burkett

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.