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Sociology

2017

Institution
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How Is Guardianship Status Related To Employment Status For People With Idd? Findings From The National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 10), Kelly Nye-Lengerman, Caro Narby, Sandra Pettingell, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston Jan 2017

How Is Guardianship Status Related To Employment Status For People With Idd? Findings From The National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 10), Kelly Nye-Lengerman, Caro Narby, Sandra Pettingell, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Many individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, or IDD, have a legal guardian who assists them in making life decisions about housing, health, and employment. A recent analysis of data from the National Core Indicators (NCI) Adult Consumer Survey has found that people with IDD who were represented by a legal guardian were less likely to have paid employment than people who were their own legal guardians.

This finding may help us understand the role that legal guardians play in access to employment. If guardianship is a potential barrier to community-based work, then guardians need to be directly engaged in …

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From Sheltered Work To Competitive Integrated Employment: Lessons From The Field (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 11), Amie Lulinski, Jaimie Ciulla Timmons, Stephane Leblois, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston Jan 2017

From Sheltered Work To Competitive Integrated Employment: Lessons From The Field (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 11), Amie Lulinski, Jaimie Ciulla Timmons, Stephane Leblois, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Community providers across the nation are embracing the transformation from facility-based employment supports to competitive integrated employment. While many providers believe in inclusion and Employment First for the individuals they support, some struggle to make their vision a reality. The process of organizational transformation can seem daunting without an understanding of the full range of tactics and approaches available.

The Institute for Community Inclusion (ICI), in conjunction with The Arc of the United States, is conducting research to better understand the transformation process and to guide the development of tools and resources for providers seeking to transform their services. As …

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Data Note: Reasons For Exiting Vr Services Without Employment, Alberto Migliore, Cady Landa, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston Jan 2017

Data Note: Reasons For Exiting Vr Services Without Employment, Alberto Migliore, Cady Landa, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

ThinkWork! Publications

Only 23% of adults with intellectual disabilities work, compared to 73% of people without disabilities (statedata.info). To bridge this gap, the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program offers valuable services including assessment, job search assistance, and counseling. In FY 2014, over 46,000 adults with intellectual disabilities exited the national VR program. About 38% of them reported an employment outcome. However, a large proportion of them exited without employment, and were reported as either having lost interest in receiving services (29%), or unable to be located by VR staff (17%). These two reasons combined represented 46% of the total number of case closures …

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Assisting Job Seekers With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities: A Guide For Employment Consultants (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 13), John Butterworth, Alberto Migliore, Jennifer Bose, Oliver Lyons, Kelly Nye-Lengerman, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston Jan 2017

Assisting Job Seekers With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities: A Guide For Employment Consultants (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 13), John Butterworth, Alberto Migliore, Jennifer Bose, Oliver Lyons, Kelly Nye-Lengerman, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Interviews with employment consultants reveal 5 key elements for supporting job seekers with disabilities. This brief describes 5 key elements for supporting job seekers with intellectual and developmental disabilities in finding individual paid employment:

  1. Building trust
  2. Getting to know the job seeker
  3. Addressing supports planning
  4. Finding tasks/jobs
  5. Providing support after hire

A checklist organized around these 5 key elements makes it easier for employment consultants to understand and implement these support practices.

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Engaging Families Effectively: Results From A Forums And Facebook Group Qualitative Research Study, John Kramer, Jennifer Bose, Eric Mcvay, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston Jan 2017

Engaging Families Effectively: Results From A Forums And Facebook Group Qualitative Research Study, John Kramer, Jennifer Bose, Eric Mcvay, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Attendees learned how families have modeled employment and advocated for their children to have early work experiences similar to those of their peers without disabilities. Attendees heard how the service system and families have tried to engage across language barriers and socioeconomic differences. The strategies that currently exist to inform families about transition and employment will be discussed, and juxtaposed to the common themes found throughout focus groups and interviews around what they proposed would be the best timing of engaging families about transition services, the best methods of disseminating transition process knowledge, the knowledge gaps, and the strategies that …

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Helping Students Develop Affirmative Evidence Of Cross-Cultural Competency, Neil Hamilton, Jeff Maleska Jan 2017

Helping Students Develop Affirmative Evidence Of Cross-Cultural Competency, Neil Hamilton, Jeff Maleska

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Abstract forthcoming.

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Navigating The Post-Shelby Landscape: Using Universalism To Augment The Remaining Power Of The Voting Rights Act, Jesús N. Joslin Jan 2017

Navigating The Post-Shelby Landscape: Using Universalism To Augment The Remaining Power Of The Voting Rights Act, Jesús N. Joslin

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Abstract forthcoming.

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Market Mediators And The Tradeoffs Of Legitimacy-Seeking Behaviors In A Nascent Category, Brandon Lee, Shon Hiatt, Michael Lounsbury Dec 2016

Market Mediators And The Tradeoffs Of Legitimacy-Seeking Behaviors In A Nascent Category, Brandon Lee, Shon Hiatt, Michael Lounsbury

Brandon Lee

Although existing research has demonstrated the importance of attaining legitimacy for new market categories, few scholars have considered the tradeoffs associated with such actions. Using the U.S. organic food product category as a context, we explore how one standards-based certification organization—the California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF)—sought to balance efforts to legitimate a nascent market category with retaining a shared, distinctive identity among its members. Our findings suggest that legitimacy-seeking behaviors undertaken by the standards organization diluted the initial collective identity and founding ethos of its membership. However, by shifting the meaning of organic from the producer to the product, CCOF …

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Dignity, Table Of Contents, Vol 2, Issue 2, Donna M. Hughes Dr. Dec 2016

Dignity, Table Of Contents, Vol 2, Issue 2, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

No abstract provided.

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Dignity, Table Of Contents, Special Issue, Freedom From Sexploitation, Donna M. Hughes Dr. Dec 2016

Dignity, Table Of Contents, Special Issue, Freedom From Sexploitation, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

No abstract provided.

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A Case Study In Rural Community Economic Development: Hill County Health & Wellness Center, Lisa R. Pruitt Dec 2016

A Case Study In Rural Community Economic Development: Hill County Health & Wellness Center, Lisa R. Pruitt

Lisa R Pruitt

This short article was written for a symposium issue on the role of law and lawyers in community economic development.  The symposium issue arose from an AALS 2017 Discussion Group session about whether “law matters” in the context of community economic development and, if so, how and why law matters.  The case study presented here is about a rural community health care center, Hill Country Health and Wellness, in far northern California’s Shasta County.  The case study tracks the use—or lack thereof—of lawyers by the center’s founder and principal, and it discusses these phenomena against a backdrop of rural lack …

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Decriminalized Prostitution: Impunity For Violence And Exploitation, Melanie Shapiro Esq, Donna M. Hughes Dr. Dec 2016

Decriminalized Prostitution: Impunity For Violence And Exploitation, Melanie Shapiro Esq, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

This paper is a case study of decriminalized prostitution. For 29 years (1980 to 2009) prostitution was decriminalized in Rhode Island. Lack of laws or regulations created a permissive legal, economic and cultural environment for the growth of sex businesses. During this time, sexual exploitation and violence against women and girls were integrated into the economic development of urban areas. The number of sex businesses grew rapidly during this time period. Organized crime groups operated brothels and extorted money from adult entertainment businesses. Rhode Island became a destination for pimps, traffickers, and other violent criminals. The lack of laws impeded …

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Fixing The System Thesis10.4.2.Docx, Rebecca Milam Dec 2016

Fixing The System Thesis10.4.2.Docx, Rebecca Milam

Rebecca Milam

The purpose of this research is to identify the issues with the West Virginia Foster Care System. Every year social workers and foster parents live in the system and see the problems of the system. The first phase of the project involves in-depth interviews with 25 social workers and parents. To try to answer the question “What are the problems with the foster care system in the state of West Virginia?” I audio-recorded interviews and transcribed them. The final phase was to analyze the transcriptions on Atlas Ti. By identifying what foster parents and social workers believe are the issues …

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Racial/Ethnic Minority Segregation And Low Birth Weight: A Comparative Study Of Chicago And Toronto Community-Level Indicators, Fernando De Maio, Raj C. Shah, Kellie Schipper, Realino Gurdiel, David Ansell Dec 2016

Racial/Ethnic Minority Segregation And Low Birth Weight: A Comparative Study Of Chicago And Toronto Community-Level Indicators, Fernando De Maio, Raj C. Shah, Kellie Schipper, Realino Gurdiel, David Ansell

Fernando De Maio

We examined the association between racial/ethnic minority segregation and low birth weight (LBW) in Chicago and Toronto communities. While previous work has documented the importance of contextual effects on LBW, these studies have usually been conducted within a single city. We used Pearson correlation coefficients and OLS regression models to examine potential variability in the association between racial/ethnic minority segregation and LBW in Chicago (N = 77 communities) and Toronto (N = 140 communities). Results indicate that racial/ethnic minority segregation, unemployment, and low educational attainment are not associated with LBW in Toronto, while these indicators have strong and significant associations …

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A Sense Of Belonging: Professor Works With Indigenous Migrant Communities In The United States And Mexico, Travis Clines Dec 2016

A Sense Of Belonging: Professor Works With Indigenous Migrant Communities In The United States And Mexico, Travis Clines

Óscar F. Gil-García

Feature story in Binghamton University's Confluence Magazine of my research with indigenous migrant communities in the U.S. and Mexico.

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Protecting Democracy A Parsimonious Dynamic And Heuristic Model Of Controlling Crimes By The Powerful.Pdf, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D. Dec 2016

Protecting Democracy A Parsimonious Dynamic And Heuristic Model Of Controlling Crimes By The Powerful.Pdf, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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When A Joke Is More Than A Joke: Humor As A Form Of Networked Practice In The Chinese Cyber Public Sphere, Mathew Yates, Reza Hasmath Dec 2016

When A Joke Is More Than A Joke: Humor As A Form Of Networked Practice In The Chinese Cyber Public Sphere, Mathew Yates, Reza Hasmath

Reza Hasmath

Received wisdom views political humor, viz. egao, in the Chinese cyber public sphere as a form of resistance. This study creates and tests a framework that best conceptualizes how different functions of egao are connected with one another: to analyze the patterns of ties that link the different facets of the phenomenon together. The study contends that by framing egao within network society theory, we can appreciate its fluidity and better understand its online ubiquity. Analysis of survey data suggests that it is not the content solely but the networked practice of egao that dictates its true function. Namely, the …

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The Resilient Self: Gender, Immigration, And Taiwanese Americans, Chien-Juh Gu Dec 2016

The Resilient Self: Gender, Immigration, And Taiwanese Americans, Chien-Juh Gu

Chien-Juh Gu

The Resilient Self examines how international migration re-shapes women’s senses of themselves. Chien-Juh Gu uses life-history interviews and ethnographic observations to illustrate how immigration creates gendered work and family contexts for middle-class Taiwanese American women, who, in turn, negotiate and resist the social and psychological effects of the processes of immigration and settlement. 

Most of the women immigrated as dependents when their U.S.-educated husbands found professional jobs upon graduation. Constrained by their dependent visas, these women could not work outside of the home during the initial phase of their settlement. The significant contrast of their lives before and after immigration—changing …

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Creating Community Resilience Through Elder-Led Physical And Social Infrastructure, Daniel P. Aldrich, Emi Kiyota Dec 2016

Creating Community Resilience Through Elder-Led Physical And Social Infrastructure, Daniel P. Aldrich, Emi Kiyota

Daniel P Aldrich

Objective: Natural disasters and rapidly aging populations are chronic problems for societies worldwide. We investigated the effects of an intervention in Japan known as Ibasho, which embeds elderly residents in vulnerable areas within larger social networks and encourages them to participate in leadership activities. This project sought to deepen the connections of these elderly residents to society and to build elderly leadership and community capacity for future crises. Methods: We carried out surveys of participants and nonparticipant residents across the city of Ofunato in Tohoku, Japan, 1 year after the intervention began. Our surveys included questions assessing participation levels in …

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Corrections In Maryland, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D. Dec 2016

Corrections In Maryland, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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Why And How Prison Museums/Tourism Contribute To The Normalization Of The Carceral State, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D. Dec 2016

Why And How Prison Museums/Tourism Contribute To The Normalization Of The Carceral State, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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In Search Of Academic Legitimacy: The Current State Of Scholarship On Graffiti And Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D., Peter Bengtsen, John Lennon, Susan Phillips, Jacqueline Z. Wilson Dec 2016

In Search Of Academic Legitimacy: The Current State Of Scholarship On Graffiti And Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D., Peter Bengtsen, John Lennon, Susan Phillips, Jacqueline Z. Wilson

Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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On Normative Effects Of Immigration Law.Pdf, Emily Ryo Dec 2016

On Normative Effects Of Immigration Law.Pdf, Emily Ryo

Emily Ryo

Can laws shape and mold our attitudes, values, and social norms, and if so, how do immigration laws affect our attitudes or views toward minority groups?  I explore these questions through a randomized laboratory experiment that examines whether and to what extent short-term exposures to anti-immigration and pro-immigration laws affect people’s implicit and explicit attitudes toward Latinos.  My analysis shows that exposure to an anti-immigration law is associated with increased perceptions among study participants that Latinos are unintelligent and law-breaking.  In contrast, I find no evidence that exposure to pro-immigration laws promoted positive attitudes toward Latinos.  Taken together, these results …

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The Promise Of A Subject-Centered Approach To Understanding Immigration Noncompliance, Emily Ryo Dec 2016

The Promise Of A Subject-Centered Approach To Understanding Immigration Noncompliance, Emily Ryo

Emily Ryo

Unauthorized immigrants and immigration enforcement are once again at the center of heated public debates and reform agendas. This paper examines the importance of applying a subject-centered approach to understanding immigration noncompliance and to developing effective, ethical, and equitable immigration policies. In general, a subject-centered approach focuses on the beliefs, values, and perceptions of individuals whose behavior the law seeks to regulate. This approach has been widely used in non-immigration law contexts to produce a richer and more nuanced understanding of legal noncompliance. By contrast, the subject-centered approach has been an overlooked and underappreciated tool in the study of immigration …

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Fostering Legal Cynicism Through Immigration Detention, Emily Ryo Dec 2016

Fostering Legal Cynicism Through Immigration Detention, Emily Ryo

Emily Ryo

Every year, tens of thousands of noncitizens in removal proceedings are held and processed through an expanding web of immigration detention facilities across the United States. The use of immigration detention is expected to dramatically increase under the Trump administration’s mass deportation policy. I argue that this civil confinement system may serve a critical socio-legal function that has escaped the attention of policymakers, scholars, and the public alike. Using extensive original data on long-term immigrant detainees, I explore how immigration detention might function as a site of legal socialization that helps to promote or reinforce widespread legal cynicism among immigrant …

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The Impact Of Degree Of Exposure To Violent Video Games, Family Background, And Other Factors On Youth Violence, Whitney Decamp, Christopher J. Ferguson Dec 2016

The Impact Of Degree Of Exposure To Violent Video Games, Family Background, And Other Factors On Youth Violence, Whitney Decamp, Christopher J. Ferguson

Whitney DeCamp

Despite decades of study, no scholarly consensus has emerged regarding whether violent video games contribute to youth violence. Some skeptics contend that small correlations between violent game play and violence-related outcomes may be due to other factors, which include a wide range of possible effects from gender, mental health, and social influences. The current study examines this issue with a large and diverse (49% white, 21% black, 18% Hispanic, and 12% other or mixed race/ethnicity; 51% female) sample of youth in eighth (n=5,133) and eleventh grade (n=3,886). Models examining video game play and violence-related outcomes without any controls tended to …

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“Sports Will Keep ‘Em Out Of Trouble”: A Comparative Analysis Of Substance Use Among Adolescents And Young Adults, David C. Lane, Whitney Decamp Dec 2016

“Sports Will Keep ‘Em Out Of Trouble”: A Comparative Analysis Of Substance Use Among Adolescents And Young Adults, David C. Lane, Whitney Decamp

Whitney DeCamp

Objective: The purpose of this research is to examine cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, steroids, and other drug use among high school and college students in the state of Delaware. This builds on previous research examining the dynamics of substance use and sports participation.

Methods: The data come from the Delaware High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS-HS) and the College Risk Behaviors Study (CRBS), which are used to compare athletes and non-athletes. There were 7,781 high school students from the YRBS-HS and 4,019 college students from the CRBS in the sample.

Results: Findings indicate that participants in team sports at the …

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Who Plays Violent Video Games? An Exploratory Analysis Of Predictors Of Playing Violent Games, Whitney Decamp Dec 2016

Who Plays Violent Video Games? An Exploratory Analysis Of Predictors Of Playing Violent Games, Whitney Decamp

Whitney DeCamp

For roughly two decades, academics, politicians, and the media have debated the relationship between playing violent video games and engaging in violent acts. Despite the extensive attention paid to this possible outcome, no such spotlight has been placed on what leads to youth playing violent video games, which would provide the necessary context for potential later effects. The present study uses five datasets that include over 19,000 American youth in fifth through twelfth grades to provide an exploratory, inductive investigation into the predictors of playing violent video games. The results identify several themes of predictors of violent game play, including …

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Habitus And The Labor Of Representation Among Elite Professionals, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington Dec 2016

Habitus And The Labor Of Representation Among Elite Professionals, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington

Brooke Harrington

This paper reports findings from an 8-year study of the embodiment, acquisition, and consequences
of habitus in the wealth management profession. The study contributes in three ways to the ongoing
effort to apply Bourdieu’s theories to contemporary professional service work. First, it sheds light on
the agency of individual practitioners in manifesting habitus, including the avoidance of certain behaviors
in interactions with clients and peers. Second, it looks in greater depth at the process of acquiring
habitus through work experiences, particularly among those who come to the profession
without a suitable primary habitus; the findings suggest that having a fragmented …

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Studying Elite Professionals In Transnational Settings, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington Dec 2016

Studying Elite Professionals In Transnational Settings, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington

Brooke Harrington

Reflections on the special challenges of studying professionals when conducting ethnographies of elites.

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