Digital Commons Network^™

National Defense Aspects Of Energy Imports, Robert A. Weatherup

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The United States is now importing 46.6 percent of its petroleum. This 46.6 percent amounts to over 7,000,000 barrels per day. This paper discusses the adverse effects of these oil imports primarily from an Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) point of view. in the event of an oil embargo and/or an attack by enemy submarines, there are serious questions as to the U.S. ability to support NATO, or even to sustain an efficient economy.

The Political Economy Of Opec, Loring Allen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a part of the hard reality of the present and future energy position of the U. S. It burst upon the world scene in 1973 in response to long years of shabby treatment by the oil companies and oil-importing countries. Through cooperation in the exercise of their sovereignty over oil deposits, OPEC members have extracted increasing revenues through restricting production and raising price. Although serving its own interests, OPEC benefits also the rest of the world, even though its presence portends a shift in the world balance of power.

The Guardian, October 12, 1977, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Four page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.

New Expression: October 1977 (Volume 1), Columbia College Chicago

New Expression

October 1977, Volume 1 edition of New Expression, a news publication researched, contributed, written, and edited by Chicago high school journalists

Spartan Daily, September 30, 1977, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 69, Issue 20

The Guardian, September 29, 1977, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Eight page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.

The Independent And Montgomery Transcript, V. 103, Tuesday, September 13, 1977, [Number: 16], The Independent, John Stewart

The Independent and Montgomery Transcript Newspaper, 1952-1984

[16] p. "Accept and Defend the Truth." Newspaper published in Collegeville, Pa. Weekly. Contains local, county, state and national news, editorials, letters, classified and local business advertisements.

The Octofoil, September/October 1977, Ninth Infantry Division Association

The Octofoil

The Octofoil is the offical publication of the Ninth Infantry Division Association, Inc., an organization formed by the officers and men of the 9th Infantry Division in order to perpetuate the memory of fallen comrades, preserve the esprit de corps of the Division, promote peace and serve as an information bureau about the 9th Infantry Division. The Association is made up of 9th Infantry veterans from WWII and Vietnam, spouses, widows and lineal descendants.

The Independent And Montgomery Transcript, V. 103, Tuesday, August 9, 1977, [Number: 11], The Independent, John Stewart

The Independent and Montgomery Transcript Newspaper, 1952-1984

[16] p. "Accept and Defend the Truth." Newspaper published in Collegeville, Pa. Weekly. Contains local, county, state and national news, editorials, letters, classified and local business advertisements.

The Independent And Montgomery Transcript, V. 103, Tuesday, August 2, 1977, [Number: 10], The Independent, John Stewart

The Independent and Montgomery Transcript Newspaper, 1952-1984

[16] p. "Accept and Defend the Truth." Newspaper published in Collegeville, Pa. Weekly. Contains local, county, state and national news, editorials, letters, classified and local business advertisements.

Floyd Lewis Oral History Interview: Polar Bear Oral History Project Ii, Deborah A. Lenning

Polar Bear Oral History Project

Records of an oral history project done with veterans of the American Expeditionary Force, North Russia, 1918-1919 (“Polar Bears”). The collection also contains general background materials pertaining to the Polar Bears. Includes interview transcripts, cassette tapes, articles, bibliographies, diaries, clippings, photographs, microfilm and a book. Accession No.: H88-0239.5 Provenance: Polar Bear Oral History Project Donor: Hope College History Department Photographs: 24 images Processed by: Craig Wright, February 1991 Catherine Jung, April 2007

Muilenburg, John And Virginia Oral History Interview: Old China Hands Oral History Project, Julie Van Wyk

Old China Hands Oral History Project

This project was made possible by a grant from the Youthgrants 1n the Humanities Program of the National Endowment for the Humanities, a Federal agency established by Congress to promote research, education,and public activity in the humanities.

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 26, Folk Festival Supplement, Nancy A. Delong, Marie E. Deverter, John F. Dreibelbis, Robert F. Ulle, Laverne H. Stevens, Carl Ned Foltz, Robert R. Hoppes, Martha S. Best, Theodore W. Jentsch, Rita Grim, Earl F. Robacker, Ada Robacker

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Bonnets, Bonnets, Bonnets
• Theorem Painting on Velvet
• Spinning, Weaving and Lace Making
• Mennonites: A Peaceful People
• Special Police Force Directs Traffic
• Candle Dipping and Molding
• Festival Focus
• Folk Festival Programs
• The Old One-Room School
• The Art of Making Brooms
• Koom Rei, Huck Dich un Essa (Come In, Sit Down and Eat)
• Old Fashioned Apple Butter Making
• Fraktur: An Enduring Art Form
• Covered Bridges: Folk Festival Questionnaire

Lanthorn, Vol. 9, No. 34, May 19, 1977, Grand Valley State University

Volume 9, July 1, 1976 - August 18, 1977

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 001, Number 28, May 16, 1977, Grand Valley State University

1976-1977, Volume 1

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

An Archeological Survey And Evaluation Of The Hodges To Ware Shoals Route (U.S. 25) In Greenwood County, South Carolina, Ronald Wogaman

Research Manuscript Series

No abstract provided.

The Guardian, April 19, 1977, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Eight page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.

The Guardian, April 14, 1977, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Seven page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.

A Disarmed World: Problems In Imaging The Future, Elise Boulding

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

One of the major handicaps to scholars, activists and would-be policy makers associated with the post-World War II peace research and peace action movements has been the inability to construct coherent and believable images of a post military industrial United States society. Even at the height of the economics of disarmament studies in the 1960s the most that economists could demonstrate was that disarmament could take place without severe economic dislocations, and that resources released from arms could be used for improving the global standard of living. The new peace research movement was also producing books in the sixties showing …

Eighteen Leading Social Critics Comment: What Is The Real Threat To World Peace And Social Security?, Kenneth A. Kirkpatrick, Lawrence K. Northwood

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

What is the real threat to world peace and social security? Is it the prevalent ideology of violence, aggressive nationalism, and militarism? Or is it the maldistribution of resources, technology, and social welfare benefits? How much of itsnational budget must the U.S. allocate to military expenditures? How can the national budget priorities be changed so there is a more realistic funding of social programs? Do we face as great a threat of nuclear annihilation in the '70's and the '80's as we did in the early '60's?

These are some of the questions the editors asked of 96 "experts" on …

A Comparison Of Defense And Welfare Spending In The United States And The United Kingdom, 1946-1976, James L. Clayton

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

One of the most important and absorbing questions of our time is whether governments should extend or retrench their efforts toward assisting people who do not seem to be able to make it on their own. Those who believe that governments should expand their programs to help the needy argue that a compassionate and affluent society has both the ability and the responsibility to do so; those who believe that governments have already pushed too far and too fast argue that the advance of the welfare state must be halted. Closely related to this basic disagreement is the question whether …

New York City And The Economic Crisis, Joseph Harris

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The crisis of New York City and the crises affecting many hundreds of other cities, counties, school districts, and other local and state governments are not accidents. They are a direct result of the neglect that social welfare receives at the hands of a government interested only in furthering the profits and position of the monopolies. Some people call the U.S. government a "warfare/welfare" state. I prefer to call it a state dominated by the giant corporations which control the economic and hence the political life of our nation. As long as federal policy continues to stress profits before people, …

The Warfare-Welfare Tradeoff: Health, Public Aid And Housing, Kathleen Peroff

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

It is a truism that resources devoted to defense are unavailable for nondefense purposes. Investment in defense takes place partly by reducing civilian spending on consumer and capital goods through tax rates that are higher than they would otherwise be and partly by reducing government spending on non-defense programs. The purpose of this paper is to test for the existence and magnitude of the latter tradeoff over the years 1929-1971 in the United States. In particular, the analysis concerns the tradeoff between defense and three social welfare policies: health, public aid and housing. In addition, the analysis examines whether these …

Common Rooms And Functions Of The Warfare And Welfare State, David G. Gil

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Warfare and welfare are usually assumed to serve contradictory ends and to be rooted in antithetical values, institutions and dynamics. In this essay, I propose to challenge this notion and to advance, instead, the thesis that, in spite of significant differences between them, warfare and welfare serve, nevertheless, identical and complementary functions, and are both rooted in identical societal values, institutions and dynamics.

As with other phenomena which are considered to be "social problems," such as poverty, crime, unemployment, inflation, mental illness, etc., but which are merely by-products of the "normal" workings of certain social systems, warfare and welfare can …

A Moment Of Truth In The Warfare-Welfare Debate: The Transfer Amendment, Elizabeth Holtzman

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The controversy over the budget is much more than a debate about how much should be spent in 1977 on the military, or social programs. It is more than a struggle between two branches of the federal government--the legislative and the executive-- over which body should determine the national priorities. Ultimately questions are raised about the viability of the democratic planning process in the warfare/welfare state, and how the people--the governed--can be adequately represented in the process. All of these issues are touched on explicitly or implicitly by Congresswoman Holtzman in the debate (although, to be sure, she was most …

Influencing Welfare/Warfare Priorities Through The New Budgetary Process, Ann Blalock

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

In the previous article, Weinert challenged social workers, and other professionals in the area of social welfare, to commit themselves to greater collective political action in the interest of substantial social change. He suggested that there are many options for movement in that direction. This article briefly discusses one incremental option within the established political system, intervention within the new Congressional budgetary process. This is not an insignificant strategy. Its purpose is to influence the way the national budget is constructed. The budget incorporates to an important degree the society's prevailing definition of its priorities. Furthermore, future policy alternatives are …

Introduction: Warfare-Welfare As A Serious Social Problem For Study And Action, Lawrence K. Northwood

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Throughout the Journal reference will be made to "The Warfare/Welfare State." When the term is used by the editors it refers to activities and programs in the public (governmental) sector having to do with the growth, development, and interrelationship of two of the major institutional complexes of society, the military and the social welfare.

There are two major reasons for the term:

First of all, it signals the findings of current research, that nations having large military budgets also have large budgets for social welfare. Both welfare and warfare seemingly are necessary components of the modern industrial state.

Second, it …

The Welfare Effort Of The United States: Know Then Thyself, Leonard S. Miller, Marleen Clark

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

It seems obvious that the United States is not meeting the welfare needs of all its citizens in a adequate and equitable manner. But, it is neither clear what rearrangement of national priorities would result in more resources for welfare state usage, nor, given the resources at its disposal, is it clear what priorities and activities within the welfare state would lead to best reeting the needs of its users. Countrymen, what is to be done?

There are two basic strategies that can be followed. One focuses on securing larger budgets for the welfare state, the other focuses on -al-in …

Social Policy And War, Paul Adams

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

In view of the considerable disparity in the effect of World War II on national social policy, it is not surprising that British and American writers have viewed the relationship of war and social policy so differently. While these differences in part reflect the serious neglect of the importance of World War II for American social policy developments, they also reflect real variations of historical experience. I have attempted to develop a framework within which both national experiences can be understood. The framework takes account both of the nature of the war and the demands it makes upon the state …

The Conservative Program For The Welfare-Warfare State: The Response To The Korean, Algerian, And Vietnamese Wars, Clarence Y.H. Lo

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper explains why the leaders of conservative political parties were so successful in the aftermith of limited wars. Conservative parties are those parties whose constituency is large and small business, managers, upper income professionals, and some white collar workers and farmers, exemplified by the Republican Party in the United States, the Gaullist Party in France, the Christian Democrats in Germany and Italy, and the Conservative Party in England. Conservative political leaders rose to power because they addressed the problems intensified by limited wars-- budget deficits, political stalemate, and inter-imperialist rivalries-- and, to some extent, enacted short term solutions--budget cuts, …