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Analysis Of Factors Influencing The College Choice Decisions Of Ncaa Division Ii Elite Track And Field Athletes, Jon Lin, Lisa Paulson, Bryan Romsa, Hal J. Walker, Katelyn Romsa

Counseling and Human Development Faculty Publications

The student-athlete college selection process is a major decision impacting their future academic and athletic success. A better understanding of factors influencing this selection process will aid intercollegiate athletic programs in recruiting and retaining the highest caliber athletes possible. This study examined the factors influencing the college choice decisions of NCAA Division II elite track and field athletes across the United States. The participants were 320 athletes who represented 78 NCAA Division II institutions located in eight regions across the United States. This article discusses the most important factors involved in the college selection process of NCAA Division II elite …

A Holistic Performance Assessment Of English Premier League Football Clubs 1992–2013, Daniel Plumley, Robert Wilson, Simon Shibli

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This paper devises and tests a statistical model (the PAM) to measure the financial and sporting performance of professional football clubs. The PAM has been applied to a longitudinal data set of English football clubs (21 clubs between 1992–2013) to identify trends in performance. The results show that a small number of clubs have created an imbalance within English football and that there has been evidence of a “financial crisis” at individual clubs. For the majority of clubs, overall performance appears to vary over time in cycles. In addition to measuring holistic performance of professional football clubs in England, the …

Motivation, Satisfaction, And Retention Of Sport Management Student Volunteers, James E. Johnson, Chrysostomos Giannoulakis, Nathan Felver, Lawrence W. Judge, Pierce A. David, Beau F. Scott

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Sport management programs often partner with intercollegiate athletic departments or community sport organizations to provide student volunteers. Motivating, satisfying, and retaining the student population may constitute a challenge for academic program stakeholders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motivation, satisfaction, and retention of volunteers at undergraduate sport management programs. Three hundred and twenty-two undergraduate students from five Midwestern institutions completed a 46-item questionnaire assessing their volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and retention. Results indicated students were predominantly motivated to volunteer by Love of Sport and Career motivation factors. Career, Social, Understanding, and Enhancement motivations significantly aided in …

Examination Of Drinking Habits And Motives Of Collegiate Student-Athletes, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Rose Marie Ward, Robin Hardin

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Universities across the United States have reported consistently high rates of alcohol use and abuse among students during the past 20 years. The college student alcohol consumption level is considered an important public health concern. The increase in problematic drinking seems to be campus wide, but there is an understudied at-risk demographic—collegiate student-athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine student-athletes’ motives for alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and alcohol-related negative consequences. Student-athletes (N = 283) from five Midwestern universities completed an online questionnaire assessing this behavior. Male student-athletes reported higher levels in all three categories than females. In addition, …

Paying For Protection: The Effects Of Having An Elite Left Tackle, Quinn Andrew Wesley Keefer

Journal of Applied Sport Management

We exploit relatively new data collected by the NFL, since 2009, on the number of hits taken by a team’s quarterback to estimate the benefits and costs of employing an elite left tackle. We model the effect of an elite left tackle using a system of equations, which is estimated with seemingly unrelated regressions. Our system of equations considers quarterback hits, yards gained, and the probability of a quarterback injury. Overall, an All-Pro left tackle increases offensive production by 106 yards, or 8.5 points, and reduces the probability a team’s quarterback misses a game due to injury by 10.3 percentage …

Is Going Green Worth It? Assessing Fan Engagement And Perceptions Of Athletic Department Environmental Efforts, Jonathan M. Casper, Michael E. Pfahl, Brian P. Mccullough

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which environmentally themed activities within an intercollegiate sport context impact fan engagement. A total of 557 fans responded to an online survey measuring fan connection to the athletic department, environmental values, expectations for environmental activities, event and at home environmental behaviors, perceptions of profile enhancement, and recall of environmental sponsors and major initiatives. Results found that fans expected athletic department environmental action and they help with favorable perceptions about the athletic program and university and influenced at event and home behaviors. Cluster analysis identified two clusters based on high …

Outcomes-Based Career Preparation Programs For Contemporary Student-Athletes, Kristina Navarro, Heather Mccormick

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Framed from a constructivist approach, this manuscript draws from Savickas’ (2005) Theory of Career Construction to assess programmatic development and mastery of learning outcomes in preparation for life after higher education. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, findings outline recommendations for campusbased practitioner programming informed from the voices of NCAA Division I football student-athletes.

To Charge Or Not To Charge: Examining Stakeholder Perceptions Of Nonrevenue Sports Ticketing Policies, Peyton Stensland, Jordan Bass

Journal of Applied Sport Management

All across college campuses, dozens of intercollegiate sports teams compete each year. It is assumed that attendance will vary across these sports for a number of factors. However, the impact of one organizationally controlled factor (choosing to ticket the event or not) has not been explored in the literature. In this study, the authors examined the ticketing practices of intercollegiate athletics departments. A qualitative interview approach was utilized to explore the importance and implications of ticketing practices of intercollegiate athletics departments. Terms such as reputation, legitimacy, and value were used to describe the reasoning behind whether or not to charge …

2017 Otterbein Football Game Day Program, Otterbein University

Football Programs

Otterbein University continues its proud tradition of athletic and academic excellence and has enjoyed over 100 years of intercollegiate competition. During that time, the University’s mission has been to balance academics and athletic competition. Our commitment has been to the whole person, both in and out of the classroom. Our coaches are teachers first, mentors who make deep and lasting impressions on their students. While the drive to win is important, our real commitment lies in developing leadership traits and the competitive spirit, which will aid our scholar-athletes throughout their lives.

The Reputation Playbook: Exploring How Reputation Can Be Leveraged To Improve Recruiting Effectiveness In Ncaa Men’S Basketball, Marshall J. Magnusen, Charn P. Mcallister, Jun Woo Kim, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Reputation is a critical factor in the recruiting process. Organizational reputation also is a complex variable. Different dimensions of reputation may play very different roles in attracting recruits. In this study, a multidimensional (i.e., performance, character/integrity, support) reputation model is used to predict male basketball recruits’ university choice. Data were collected on the ESPN Top 100 male high school athletes recruited to NCAA Division I basketball programs for each year from 2010–2014 (n = 500). Probit regression analyses using maximum likelihood estimation predicted to what extent each reputation-based dimension affected the likelihood of an athlete selecting a university.

Reinvestigating The Impact Of Conference Realignment On Rivalry In Intercollegiate Athletics, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Timothy D. Ryan

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study investigated the influence of a U.S. intercollegiate team competing in a new conference for multiple seasons on fan perceptions of rival teams and likelihood of considering anonymous aggression toward rival teams. Fans of teams that changed conferences during conference realignment reserved stronger negative perceptions of the former rival on factors involving on-field competition and stronger negative perceptions of the current rival on factors involving off-field competition. Additionally, fans were more likely to consider committing anonymous acts of aggression against the former rival team than the current rival team. Implications and directions for future study are discussed.

Applying Customer Lifetime Value To Major League Baseball Season Tickets, John T. Drea, Lucas Marlow, Lauren K. Mense

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Customer lifetime value (CLV) is a commonly used metric for assessing marketing performance among businesses; however, there is little evidence of the use of CLV in Major League Baseball (MLB). The authors provide a methodology for calculating CLV for season ticket buyers to properly account for all direct revenue streams for a fan attending an MLB game, including ticket, concession, parking, and auxiliary revenues. Applications for customer lifetime value for MLB teams includes measuring the effectiveness of marketing activities, identifying seating that is over/under priced, and assisting in the management of fan experiences.

The Case For A Complete Model Of Strategic Resource Utility In Sport And Entertainment Management, Theodore M. Hayduk Iii

Journal of Applied Sport Management

A complete model of strategic resource utility can be useful for managers in the sport and entertainment industry. In recent years, this industry has been characterized by rapid evolution, high fragmentation, and ubiquitous digitalization, which all highlight the importance of making rapid and informed strategic decisions. Thus, the complete model will help managers quantify their firm’s resource bundle and use a common language during the strategic decision making process. Two industry-specific examples are given to facilitate interpretation of the complete model. Subscribe to JASM

Tomorrow’S Fans Gone Today: Assessing Constraints To Student Attendance At College Football Games, Jason Simmons, Nels Popp, Chad Mcevoy, Steven Howell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to assess constraints to student attendance at college football games. Surveys were distributed on and around six college campuses (2 “Power 5”, 2 “Group of 5”, 2 FCS) during a college football game. Using intercept sampling, students not in attendance at the game were asked to rate the extent to which 33 constraints affected their decision not to attend. Results revealed differences in constraints based on conference tier affiliation, frequency of game attendance, and timing of decision not to attend. Implications for practitioners are discussed. Subscribe to JASM

Best Practices In Athletic Donor Relations: The Ncaa Football Bowl Subdivision, Liz Wanless, David A. Pierce, J. Michael Martinez, Heather J. Lawrence-Benedict, Nick Kopka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this investigation was to identify best practices in intercollegiate athletic donor relations for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Neither philanthropy research nor athletic fund-raising research presents a contemporary model of donor relations best practices. Additionally, athletic development tactics are given little attention in evidence-based literature. To investigate this topic, three rounds of the Delphi method were completed by 17 intercollegiate athletic development directors in the FBS. Forty-two best practices for donor acquisition and 38 best practices for donor retention and upgrade emerged. Implications for intercollegiate athletic development campaigns are addressed. Subscribe to …

Enhancing Women’S Participation And Advancement In Competitive Cycling, Marlene A. Dixon, Jeffrey A. Graham, Allyson C. Hartzell, Katherine Forrest

Journal of Applied Sport Management

While male participation in competitive cycling in the United States has grown tremendously, a lack of growth in female participation indicates there are discouraging factors at play. Critical examination of sport organizations can reveal structures and policies that exclude women from full participation. This study critically examines USA Cycling’s racing structure and policies with the goal of identifying exclusionary practices that might reduce women’s participation and advancement in competitive cycling. Using multiple data sources, including interviews with 10 competitive female cyclists, this study revealed multiple practices that strongly discourage women’s advanced participation in competitive cycling. Suggestions for practice are offered. …

Sport And Social Development: Evaluating A Professional Sport League’S Domestic Violence And Sexual Abuse Camp, Stephen Hills, Matthew Walker

Journal of Applied Sport Management

We explore the use of sport to address the sensitive issue of domestic violence and sexual abuse (DVSA) by evaluating a professional sport league’s pilot DVSA Camp in the United Kingdom. The league served as a hook to engage target groups before using the sport as an analogy to educate on DVSA. We found the DVSA camp had a limited effect on participants’ knowledge about and beliefs toward DVSA, but was able to engage an at risk target group and increase awareness of DVSA. Certainly, greater engagement is required to address serious social issues if behavioral change is the goal. …

A Peer-Relative Perspective Of The Contract Year Phenomenon Using Bayesian Analysis, Anthony Koschmann

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This research examines the contract year phenomenon in a new context, by evaluating player performance relative to other players, rather than the same player over time. Since ordinary least-squares (OLS) methods assume independent observations, results may be biased as player performance is dependent on other players. As such, a Bayesian approach to allow for non-independence among player performance is used to evaluate players in contract years relative to their peers. Using novel performance data of National Football League (NFL) players and controlling for player salary, position, experience, and team effects, the results show that contract year players under-perform relative to …

Career Termination And Transition Experiences Of Former Collegiate Student-Athletes In Japan, Junya Adachi

Masters Theses

Athletes are unique groups of individuals who make a career out of sports. They face challenges to get into a sport, to stay in it and to adapt to life after their athletic career. The primary objective of this study was to explore the challenges and experiences that Japanese student-athletes encounter when they terminate their athletic career. More specifically, this study examined personal and sport characteristics, emotional responses, psychosocial support, coping strategies and other variables (e.g., gender, athletic identity) that may have impacted the athlete's reactions to career termination. Participants were 76 former Japanese student-athletes (ages 22-38 years; M= 38, …

Ua37/5 Faculty Personal Papers E.A. Diddle, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Artificial collection of records created by and about E.A. Diddle during his tenure as athletic director and coach at Western Kentucky University from 1922-1964. It consists mainly of scrapbooks of clippings regarding Hilltopper basketball. William Jenkins' interviews regarding Diddle used in preparation of his book Man with the Red Towel are also included.

Athletes Quality Of Life After Retirement, Kevin Estrada

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

Professional athletes have had a long life of being able to compete in the sport they love. Once retried, most athletes quality of life worsens. Injuries and the dramatic change from competing sets up a former athlete for adversity. Most people believe that athletes are privileged individuals that earn too much money for the work they do. However, consequences such as bankruptcy, depression, and even suicide points otherwise.

●The findings show that although athletes might have a gifted early life the quick change in lifestyle sets them up for failure. Also I agree that former athletes have a worse quality …

Gender Pay Gap In Athletics, George Siliman

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

The pay gap is a measure of what women are paid relative to men. It is important to to minimize the gender pay gap in athletics so it can successfully help society move in forward progression and not hinder on the past. The effects on women in professional sport setting, and the overall difference between males and females in athletics all play a significant role on the fluctuated pay gap.

Women play a prominent role in athletics but the lack of compensation devalues them as competitors and athletes. In sum, I learned about the fluctuation of the pay gap between …

Revenue Incentives And Referee Propensity To Make Foul Calls In The Nba Finals, Daniel Fallon-Cyr

CMC Senior Theses

In this study I examine foul calls by NBA referees alongside the difference in aggressiveness of twelve NBA basketball teams as they compete for the Championship Title. I aim to identify referee biases that increase the likelihood of the NBA Finals ending in a later game due to league revenue incentives. My data consists of 91 individual NBA Finals games played between the 2001 and 2016 NBA Finals. After controlling for changes in play as well as the difference in aggressiveness, I find that NBA referee’s foul calls are more dependent on a call on the opposing team in situations …

Height, Weight, And Durability In Major League Baseball, Joshua Yeager

CMC Senior Theses

Using data from the 2000-2016 Major League Baseball seasons, this paper looks at the determinants of durability amongst baseball athletes, durability is measured in games played for batters and innings pitched for pitchers, with a particular focus on height and weight. This paper finds evidence that lighter, shorter batters play significantly more games than taller, heavier batters. Additionally, amongst pitchers, there is only circumstantial evidence that height and weight are important determining factors of player durability. Finally, I find that starting pitchers increase the likelihood of becoming injured in the regular season by 10.3% and 21.8% if their hits per …

What Drives Endorsement Earnings For Superstar Athletes?, Daniel Rascher, Terry Eddy, Giseob Hyun

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Athletes’ endorsement earnings receive significant attention in the trade/popular press, but the academic literature on this issue is sparse. Thus, the purpose of the study was to examine factors that drive variation in endorsement earnings. Resulting analyses indicated the Positive Q Score measure (likability) was worth about $750,000–$1 million for each unit of the scale, while the Negative Q Score measure was statistically insignificant. One unit increases in Exposure and Familiarity were worth roughly $600,000 and $200,000, respectively. These findings can be used by athletes, agents, and sponsors to determine estimates, or fair-market value, for endorsement deals.

Students’ Search Behaviors And Career Alignment For Internships, Michael Odio

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The present study explores the internship search behaviors of undergraduate sport management students at three public universities, including how much time is spent looking for internships, what resources are used for searching, and what criteria are used when deciding on an internship. The findings affirm previous research that factors such as compensation, location, timing, and career goals are important, but also reveal how students weigh these factors and how it affects when, where, and how they search for internship opportunities. This information is beneficial for employers interested in understanding the student’s perspective of the internship search in order to increase …

Aging Athletes, Broken Bodies, And Disability In Jack London's Prizefighting Prose, Cara E. Kilgallen

English Faculty Publications

Jack London's name often conjures up images of dogs plowing through Alaska's desolate wilderness, or of robust men journeying into the wild; however, pictures of broken bodies struggling for survival in a boxing ring less readily come to mind. Few think of London as a sports writer, yet his illustrations of prizefighting reveal an author interested not only in able bodied athletes but in disabled and weakened ones as well. Although he is best known for his Klondike stories, nautical adventures, and socialist sentiments, the author's fascination with fitness shows that sport and the body are just as central to …

Georgia Southern College Sports Scrapbooks, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection includes oversized scrapbooks of local and regional newspaper clippings about college sports at Georgia Southern College. Many of these volumes were prepared by Richard Mandes as head of Georgia Southern College Publicity.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

Tapping The Potential Of Sports: Incentives In China’S Reformation Of The Sports Industry, Yu Fu

CMC Senior Theses

Since the 2010s, China’s sports industry has undergone comprehensive reforms. This paper attempts to understand this change of direction from the central state’s perspective. By examining the dynamics of the basketball and soccer markets, it discovers that while the deregulation of basketball is a result of persistent bottom-up effort from the private sector, the recentralization of soccer is a state-led policy change. Notwithstanding the different nature and routes between these reforms, in both sectors, the state’s aim is to restore and strengthen its legitimacy within the society. Amidst China’s economic stagnation, the regime hopes to identify sectors that can drive …

Slam Dunk: Scoring With Social Media In College Athletics, Callie Mayo

Honors Theses

This thesis will examine the role of social media as a public relations tool in athletics, whether posts are made by an athlete, an athletic department, or an outside source on reputation management. The first chapter will examine current research in how social media is used and monitored in college athletics, as well as the harmful effects it can cause. The next chapter will consist of several interviews with different collegiate athletic departments regarding their policies and training towards social media. The five athletic departments are from the following universities: the University of Georgia, the University at Buffalo, Utah State …