Digital Commons Network^™

Human Development And The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In Sub-Saharan Africa, Manfred Wogugu

Great Plains Sociologist

The adoption of both the biomedical and socio-behavioral approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in a significant drop in mortality. However, there is a need to take into account and address the structural inequalities of limited access to employment, education, and affordable health care; gender disparity, poverty and the disease environment in order to accelerate the tempo of this decline. Applying the social inequality framework, and using the various Inequality-adjusted Human Development indices (IHDI) by the Atkinson index, a descriptive analysis of data from the statistical annex to the 2011 UNDP Development Report was undertaken to factor …

On The Test Accuracy And Effective Control Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study In Singapore, Guang Cheng, Sarah Yini Gao, Yancheng Yuan, Chenxiao Zhang, Zhichao Zheng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test accuracy (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) on the progression of the pandemic under two scenarios of limited and unlimited test capacity. We extend the classic susceptible–exposed–infectious–recovered model to incorporate test accuracy and compare the progression of the pandemic under various sensitivities and specificities. We find that high-sensitivity tests effectively reduce the total number of infections only with sufficient testing capacity. Nevertheless, with limited test capacity and a relatively high cross-infection rate, the total number of infected cases may increase when sensitivity is above a certain threshold. Despite the potential for …

An Exploratory Analysis Of Mindfulness And Work-Life Balance During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Christine Bush

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have created a need for change in both personal and professional lives; however, due to the abrupt newness of the virus, there has been limited research. The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine mindfulness (via FFMQ), work-life balance (via WLB survey) and potential stressors among employees who have been affected by the COVID-19 global pandemic. An exploratory analysis of how mindfulness and work-life balance has played a role in employees’ adaptation to working during a pandemic will be conducted. An in-depth literature analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between mindfulness …

Exploring And Evaluating The Impact Of Covid-19 On Mobility Changes In Singapore, Aldy Gunawan, Linh Chi Tran, Kar Way Tan, I-Lin Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper analyzes the changes in mobility trends due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore in the six different sectors: Retail and Recreation, Grocery and Pharmacy, Parks, Transit Stations, Workplaces and Residential. The period of observation is from 15 February 2020 to 18 August 2021. The observed patterns obtained from the descriptive data analysis sheds light on the effectiveness of social distancing measures in Singapore as well as the level of compliance among the country’s residents. Correlation analysis is used to explore the relationship between different sectors during the pandemic period. The results reveal a strong sense …

Community-Clinic Linkages For Promoting Hiv Prevention: Organizational Networks For Prep Client Referrals And Collaborations, Rebecca L. Mauldin, Tamara Al Rawwad, Muhammad Amith, Lisa M. Kuhns, John A. Schneider, Kayo Fujimoto

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

Community-clinic linkages may help communities increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. Referrals from community-based organizations may be particularly important for linking Black men who have sex with men (MSM) to PrEP. This study describes PrEP referral and HIV/STI prevention networks among organizations that serve MSM in Houston, TX (N = 40), and Chicago, IL (N = 28), and compares network positions of organizations based on percentage of Black/African American clients. A majority of organizations conducted PrEP awareness/promotion activities, but fewer made PrEP referrals, with little overlap between the collaboration and referral networks. The networks tended to have a …

Effectiveness Of Using Information, Education, And Communication Flowchart Media In Implementation Of Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Rizna Notarianti, Sandra Fikawati, Alifani Faiz Faradhila

Kesmas

Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) has many benefits for both the baby and the mother. However, in Bogor City, there are still many babies who do not get EIB when they are born (33.6%). The implementation of EIB is not optimal due to the absence of standard procedures to equalize its theory and perception. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) flowchart media concerning the standard procedure for EIB implementation in the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Bogor City. A quasi-experimental research was conducted on 58 midwives divided into the intervention and control …

Public Perception And Obedience With Social Distancing Policies During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Jakarta, Indonesia, Widyamurti Widyamurti, Edwina Bernita Sitorus, Dewi Susanna, Bambang Wispriyono, Aria Kusuma, Renti Mahkota

Kesmas

The Indonesian Government established a social distancing policy to prevent COVID-19 transmission. However, this implementation will be ineffective without the compliance of the people. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between public perception and obedience with social distancing in terms of the variables based on the Health Belief Model. This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta’s indigenes within the productive age of 15-64 years. The sample comprised 408 participants, with the independent variables of sociodemographics (age, gender, occupation, and education) and health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy). Meanwhile, …

Role Of Bpifb4 In Immune System And Cardiovascular Disease: The Lesson From Centenarians, Francesco Montella, Valentina Lopardo, Monica Cattaneo, Albino Carrizzo, Carmine Vecchione, Elena Ciaglia, Annibale A. Puca

Translational Medicine @ UniSa

Recent discoveries have shed light on the participation of the immune system in the physio pathology of the cardiovascular system underpinning the importance of keeping the balance of the first to preserve the latter. Aging, along with other risk factors, can challenge such balance triggering the onset of cardiovascular diseases.

Among several mediators ensuring the proper cross-talk between the two systems, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family B member 4 (BPIFB4) has been shown to have a pivotal role, also by sustaining important signals such as eNOS and PKC-alpha.

In addition, the Longevity-associated variant (LAV), which is an haplotype allele in BPIFB4characterized by …

Women In Stem Fellowship: An Intersectional And Interdisciplinary Approach To Advancing Inclusion In The Sciences, Ina C. Seethaler, Gabriela Perez-Alvarado

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

At our university, women-identified individuals make up 23% of students in STEM fields; less than 15% of them graduate with a STEM degree. Nationally, more than 40% of women who enter a STEM job leave it within fewer than ten years. Gendered issues within STEM industries have been identified, yet we are far from equal opportunities for all genders. In 2018, we—the director of Women’s and Gender Studies (WGS) with colleagues in Math, Computing Sciences, and Chemistry—received a $45,000 grant to create a “Women in STEM Fellowship.” The inclusion of WGS made the fellowship interdisciplinary, intersectional, and informed our decision-making …

Human Milk Oligosaccharide Compositions Illustrate Global Variations In Early Nutrition, Anita Vinjamuri, Jasmine C. C. Davis, Sarah M. Totten, Lauren D. Wu, Laura D. Klein, Melanie Martin, Ea Quinn, Brooke Scelza, Alicia Breakey, Michael Gurven, Grazyna Jasienska, Hillard Kaplan, Claudia Valeggia, Katie Hinde, Jennifer T. Smilowitz, Robin M. Bernstein, Angela M. Zivkovic, Michael J. Barratt, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Mark A. Underwood, David A. Mills, J. Bruce German, Carlito B. Lebrilla

ESI Publications

Background

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are an abundant class of compounds found in human milk and have been linked to the development of the infant, and specifically the brain, immune system, and gut microbiome.

Objectives

Advanced analytical methods were used to obtain relative quantitation of many structures in approximately 2000 samples from over 1000 mothers in urban, semirural, and rural sites across geographically diverse countries.

Methods

LC-MS−based analytical methods were used to profile the compounds with broad structural coverage and quantitative information. The profiles revealed their structural heterogeneity and their potential biological roles. Comparisons of HMO compositions were made between …

Research Approaches To Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy: A Narrative Review, Sana Zandkarimi, Maryam Kazerani (Corresponding Author), Mahdieh Mottaghi, Marzieh Kazerani, Sara Jambarsang

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Introduction: One of the proposed indicators for the prevention and control of COVID-19pandemic disease; is having health literacy components in both dimension Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy and e-health literacy. This study aimed to review the scientific literature related to dimensions studied in Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy.

Methods: This study is a narrative review. The articles addressed Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy searched in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), and then reviewed.

Results: Studies in the field of Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy are considered in 4 dimensions: covid-19 vaccine hesitancy and Impacts of coronavirus-related health literacy; Special person in societies and Observance of the items …

Moral Drifting And Covid-19 Precautions: The Impact On Team Stress Levels In Primary Care, Brittany N. Houston, Stacy Ogbeide

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

The COVID-19 pandemic has given more focus on the concept of moral drifting. Moral or ethical drift is characterized as an insidious movement away from ethical behavior. Not only is this phenomenon present with routine tasks such as going to the grocery store, but it is influential and present in a setting being impacted by COVID-19: primary care. Integrated Primary Care and team-based care are incredibly valuable when caring for complex populations but also vital in mitigating the impacts of stress that moral drifting can cause on individual and team functioning.

Ms 016 Guide To Russell J. Blattner, Md Papers (1936-1985), Russell J. Blattner (1908-2002)

Manuscript Finding Aids

The Blattner collection contains Dr. Blattner's research work throughout his career in St. Louis and Houston. It contains photographs, research materials, reprints, and publications. It offers a record of Dr. Blattner's professional life and contains no personal or family records. Collection materials date from 1936-1985. See more at MS 016.

Effect Of Covid-19 On The Wellbeing Of Healthcare Professionals In Public Isolation Hospitals In Egypt, Shaimaa Sabbah

Theses and Dissertations

One of the most vulnerable groups severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic has been the Healthcare Professionals (HCPs), especially the physicians, pharmacists, and nurses who work in public Isolation hospitals. The Egyptian medical syndicate declared the death of more than 600 physicians from February 2020 till January 2022. In the meantime, the Egyptian government has worked on different policies for relieving the negative effects of the pandemic on this vulnerable group; however, easing restrictions, no total lockdown implementation, and monitoring bureaucracy has negatively affected the wellbeing of those HCPs. The study aims to figure out recommended policies to protect HCPs’ …

Great Disaster: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Yemen, Joshua Odey

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected countries around the world. Travel became restricted as countries around the world tried to control the pandemic. The global economy was also negatively affected. Nonetheless, many countries around the world took measures to control the economy and have successfully reduced the number of cases and the negative impact of COVID-19. This is not so with other countries such as Yemen, who is currently facing a humanitarian crisis that has greatly weakened their ability to respond to the pandemic.

The purpose of this research paper is to show how COVID-19 has negatively affected Yemen. For more …

Nonignorable Missing Data, Single Index Propensity Score And Profile Synthetic Distribution Function, Xuerong Chen, Denis H. Y. Leung, Jing Qin

Research Collection School Of Economics

In missing data problems, missing not at random is difficult to handle since the response probability or propensity score is confounded with the outcome data model in the likelihood. Existing works often assume the propensity score is known up to a finite dimensional parameter. We relax this assumption and consider an unspecified single index model for the propensity score. A pseudo-likelihood based on the complete data is constructed by profiling out a synthetic distribution function that involves the unknown propensity score. The pseudo-likelihood gives asymptotically normal estimates. Simulations show the method compares favorably with existing methods.

Examining The Influence Of Religious Attitudes, Acceptance Of Change, And Cultural Mistrust On The Utilization Of Therapy For African American Male College Students Utilizing Therapy, Jessica Miranda Shine

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Cultural mistrust and fear of potential racism from people in the medical profession may be contributing to a noted disdain for mental health counseling among African American men. The purpose of this study was designed to gain insight into how attitudes toward religious help-seeking, acceptance of change, cultural mistrust, and mental health stigma impact therapy utilization among African American male college students. The review of literature explored the theoretical frameworks followed by the historical perspective, epigenetics, family structure, masculinity concept and help-seeking behaviors, noting barriers, fear, stigmas, spiritual influence, and economic hardships. Acceptance of change-evolving action is not currently endorsed …

Geographic Analysis Of Alcohol-Related Crashes In Nine High-Need Louisiana Parishes, Aimee H. Moles, Austin L. Matthews, John K. Aggrey, Leanna B. Cupit

Reports

This report examines nine Louisiana communities and their alcohol availability concerns from a public health perspective. The nine communities are part of The Louisiana Partnership for Success II (LPFS ll), a 5-year Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) grant. The LPFS ll grant is focused exclusively on addressing underage drinking behaviors, consequences, and risk factors among 9 to 20-year-olds in nine high-need, parish-level communities (HNCs) (Louisiana Department of Health [LDH], 2020a). Communities were selected through a data-driven, participatory process and supported to form a cross-sector coalition to implement interventions within those communities. The process for choosing the high-need …

Probiotic Interventions To Reduce Antepartum Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Lisa Hanson, Leona Vandevusse, Emily Malloy, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Lauren Watson, Alissa V. Fial, Marie Forgie, Katrina Nardini, Nasia Safdar

Library Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To systematically review and meta-analyse studies of the efficacy of probiotics to reduce antenatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonisation.

Participants

Antenatal participants with known positive GBS colonisation or unknown GBS status.

Intervention

Probiotic interventions containing species of Lactobacillus or Streptococcus.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Measurements and findings

The systematic review included 10 studies. Five articles contained in vitro studies of probiotic interventions to determine antagonistic activity against GBS. Six clinical trials of probiotics to reduce antenatal GBS were systematically reviewed and meta-analysed. The meta-analysis revealed that the use of an antenatal probiotic decreased the probability of a …

Older Adults' Perceptions Of Government Handling Of Covid-19: Predictors Of Protective Behaviors From Lockdown To Post-Lockdown, Savannah Kiah Hui Siew, Jonathan Louis Chia, Rathi Mahendran, Junhong Yu

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Background: Distrust, and more broadly, public perception of government's handling of a crisis, has been a widely studied topic within health crisis research and suggests that these perceptions are significantly associated with the behavior of its citizens. Purpose: To understand which aspects of the public's perception of government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic predicted engagement of protective behaviors among older adults, who are the most vulnerable to COVID-19.Methods: Participants were recruited from an ongoing biopsychosocial study on aging amongst community-dwelling older adults. There were two rounds of data collection, during the national lockdown and post-lockdown. The average length of follow-up …

The Impact On Crime Rate During A Period Of Covid-19 Induced Jail Booking Restrictions, Nathan A. Jendrick

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

COVID-19 has become a catalyst for profound changes not just in public health but in criminal justice as well. To reduce the close-quarters populations of correctional facilities in an effort to reduce the spread of the virus, law enforcement administrators in the Pacific Northwest have significantly limited the opportunity to make custodial arrests of criminal suspects. The effect on crime rate by not booking suspected criminals for misdemeanor and felony crimes alike remained largely unstudied. To assess this intervention, a paired samples t-test was used after acquiring call volume data for 13 crime types from the dispatch communications center of …

Promoting Labour Migrant Health Equity Through Action On The Structural Determinants: A Systematic Review, Mireille Evagora-Campbell, Aysha Zahidie, Kent Buse, Fauziah Rabbani, Sarah Hawkes

Community Health Sciences

Background: Labour migrants, who represent over sixty per cent of international migrants globally, frequently have poorer health status than the population of host countries. These health inequities are determined in a large part by structural drivers including political, commercial, economic, normative and social factors, including living and working conditions. Achieving health equity for migrant workers requires structural-level interventions to address these determinants.
Methods: We undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature designed to answer the question "what is the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to address the structural determinants of health for labour migrants?" using the Ovid Medline electronic …

Technical Summary, Hans Portner, Winston T. L. Chow, Et Al. See Comments For Full List Of Authors

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This technical summary complements and expands the key findings of the Working Group (WG) II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) presented in the Summary for Policymakers and covers literature accepted for publication by 1 September 2021. It provides technical understanding and is developed from the key findings of chapters and cross-chapter papers (CCPs) as presented in their executive summaries and integrates across them. The report builds on the WGII contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the IPCC and three special reports of the AR6 cycle providing new knowledge and updates. The three special reports are the …

Adoption Of Green Practices In University Libraries Of Pakistan: A Qualitative Study, Muhammad Asim, Pervaiz Ahmad Prof. Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Conceptual, technological, and material advancement has a deep influence on all sectors of life including libraries. Libraries are coping with these developments accordingly, however, the pace of development is not the same around the globe. This study aims to explore the adoption status of green library practices in the university libraries of Pakistan. The peer-reviewed literature including IFLA’s checklist was encompassed to model twelve aspects/practices of green library initiative. The feedback from the selected, senior university librarians of Pakistan on the proposed model of green library practices was collected through interviews. The librarians apprise the green library model as an …

A Content Analysis Of Websites Of Indian Medical Research Institutions In Respect To Library Services In Covid-19 Pandemic Situation, Subhas Chandra Majhi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) unique challenges to all the educational system in present time. The unexpected and suddenly outbreak of library professionals for the COVID-19 to general working time. The library professional takes some other dission for contuning library service like digital platform wherever possible and to provide adequate remote services to the users. Given the extrinsic challenges in providing services during a public health emergency, the purpose of this paper is to find out how medicine and technology became a saviour for the medical research institutions of India during the COVID -19 pandemic. The study explores the type …

Zoonotic Pathogens From Illegally Traded Wildlife Justify Adopting The One Health Perspective In Disease Response, Marianne Allison G. Lee, Vinyl Joseph S. Valeza, Jonathan Patrick H. Yan, Ronald Allan L. Cruz

Biology Faculty Publications

Recent studies have described a direct relationship between the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in human populations. In the Philippines, the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR) framework outlines the monitoring, response, and management of disease outbreaks, but needs to be updated in the wake of zoonoses from IWT. Here, we identified zoonotic pathogens that may be introduced to human populations through the IWT, pinpointed potential outbreak hotspots, and provided recommendations on how to improve the Philippines’ public health response while considering One Health. Using seizure data from the Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENR-BMB) covering …

The Impact Of Physical Distancing Health Policy In Reducing Covid-19 Incidence In The World In 2020: Literature Review Study, Nunik Nurbaiti, Dumilah Ayuningtyas

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

To reduce and slow the spread of COVID-19, many countries in the world have adopted physical distancing health policy, which have never happened before. This study aims to get an overview of the impact of physical distancing health policy to reduce of COVID-19 incidence in the world at 2020. The research design used was a descriptive qualitative with a narrative literature review method, while the research source came from international journal channels Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus with search data for the past five years. The approach used is the input, process, and output (IPO). From the …

A Global Survey Of Infection Control And Mitigation Measures For Combating The Transmission Of Covid-19 Pandemic In Buildings Under Facilities Management Services, Hadi Sarvari, Zhen Chen, Daniel W. M. Chan, Ellyn A. Lester, Nordin Yahaya, Hala Nassereddine, Aynaz Lotfata

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Facilities management along with health care are two important aspects in controlling the spread of infectious diseases with regard to controlling the outbreak of global COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, with the increasing outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of examining the relationship between the built environment and the outbreak of infectious diseases has become more significant. The aim of the research described in this article is to develop effective infection control and mitigation measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 pandemic in the built environment. This study seeks to answer the question of how the facilities management industry can help reduce …

Cultural Sensitivity: A Requirement When Developing Food Safety Interventions, Lillian Nabwiire, Angela M. Shaw, Gail R. Nonnecke, David D. Minner, Ellen Johnsen, Louis E. Petersen Jr

Journal of Extension

Extension materials that are sensitive to changing demographics and culture increase relevance and compliance with food safety practices. Produce safety extension materials were developed for U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) produce growers to help with compliance with a new food safety rule. We developed employee training materials based on a needs assessment and behavioral change was evaluated six months after dissemination. The original materials were not seen as culturally appropriate but after modifications, improvements in food safety practices and behavior changes were observed. These results suggest that extension educators should seek feedback from target populations about potential interventions before implementation.

Global Health Research Funding Applications: Brain Drain Under Another Name?, Abebe Bekele, Lucia D'Ambruoso, Justine I. Davies, Eduardo Ferriolli, Carolyn Greig, Semira Manaseki Holland, Denis Regnier, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.