Digital Commons Network^™

Examining The Intersection Of Gender And Age In Victim Blaming, Jerin Lee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Victim blaming refers to an attributional tendency in which some level of responsibility for a negative outcome is placed on victims (Maes, 1994). Many victims of crimes face stigmatization in the form of blame from friends, acquaintances, the criminal justice system, media, strangers, and even perpetrators of the crimes themselves (e.g., Cross, Parker, & Sansom, 2019; Gordon & Riger, 1991). Victim characteristics, type of crime, and observer characteristics all influence victim blaming tendencies. However, no studies to date have tested whether these factors in combination elicit differential reactions to victims of crimes. The present research tested how the intersection of …

Managing Cyber Risks & Business Exposure In The Surface Transportation Ecosystem, Jacques R. Francoeur

Mineta Transportation Institute

This report focuses on Surface Transportation (ST), both fixed and route-based, and the growing threats to their information technology (IT) infrastructures. As an industry, ST seeks to optimize the movement of people and goods, while ensuring safety and resiliency and minimizing environmental impact. Cyber threats are a powerful medium for those with the political, social, and economic motivations and wherewithal to disrupt and destroy existing ST systems. The ultimate objective is to develop a new paradigm to define, describe, design, and deploy the most effective protection, at the lowest cost, in the shortest time within the limits of available resources. …

Does Insider Trading Pay? An Analysis Of Trading And Tipping Activities In Insider Trading Litigation, Aneta Spaic, Claire Nolasco, Lily Chi-Fang Tsai, Michael S. Vaughn

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications (Archived)

Purpose

This paper analyzes trading and tipping activities in insider trading litigation decided by federal courts from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014.

Design/methodology/approach

Legal documents from the US Securities and Exchange Commission, LexisNexis and Westlaw databases were coded to determine profile, patterns of trading and settlement outcomes.

Findings

Results of statistical analysis indicate that a defendant in both civil and criminal cases is more likely to trade on the information when he/she receives a direct, financial benefit from breaching his/her duty of confidentiality. The defendant tipper is also more likely to pass on the information to a close …

Spartan Daily September 18, 2018, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2018

Volume 151, Issue 12

Spartan Daily, August 29, 2018, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2018

Volume 151, Issue 4

Proposed Controversial Speech Topics, Edna Louise Saffy

Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials

A list of proposed controversial speech topics for Dr. Saffy’s Speech 2600 course.

Managing The Risks Of Corporate Fraud: The Evidence From Hong Kong And Singapore, Wai Yee Wan, Christopher C. H. Chen, Chongwu Xia, Say Goo

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Since the Asian financialcrisis of 1997, Hong Kong and Singapore have implemented reforms that promote independenceand monitoring competency of the boards of directors of their listed companies.However, with the advent of the financial crisis of 2007/2008, a wave of fraudcases prompts the question as to the effectiveness of these reforms. Analysing asample of 62 listed companies which are found to have committed fraud between2007 and 2014, and comparing against a matched sample of no-fraud companies, wefind that the fraud companies tend to either combine the roles of chairman andchief executive officer (or they are close family members) and have fewer …

Money And Morality: Pathways Toward A Civic Stewardship Ethic (2012), Marcy Murninghan

New England Journal of Public Policy

Based on a plenary presentation made at the Ninth Harvard University Forum on Islamic Finance, held at Harvard Law School in 2010, less than two years after the 2008 financial crisis, this article argues for the restoration of ethical values and civic commitments in capitalism and economic enterprise, drawing on traditional religious, theological, and philosophical principles regarding the civic moral obligations associated with building and managing wealth. The article is divided into three main parts. It begins with an overview of reform measures emanating from the financial debacle, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and an …

Risk In Privacy Breach Determination: The Application Of Prospect Theory To Healthcare Privacy Officers, Amanda Walden

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A significant concern in healthcare is that of patient privacy and how organizations protect against unauthorized access to protected health information. The federal government has responded by instituting policies and guidelines on requirements for protection. However, the policy language leaves areas open to interpretation by those following the guidelines. Reporting to the Office for Civil Rights and/or the patient can open an organization to risk of financial and possible criminal penalties. There is a risk of harm to their reputation which could impact patient visits and market share. Therefore, Privacy Officers might view risk in different ways and therefore handle …

The Efficacy Of A 6-Week Evidence-Based Support Group For Caregivers Of Dementia In A Primary Care Setting, Mona Shah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

More than 16 million Americans provide unpaid care for those with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Extant literature has well documented the increased risk for physical, emotional, social and financial burden associated with caregiving. While intensive support groups may be well-suited to caregiver needs, they are often difficult to implement given financial, personnel and resource constraints. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a theoretically-based, 6-week caregiver support group in a community primary care setting. The group focuses on self-care, behavior management techniques and interdisciplinary caregiver resources. A total of 22 participants completed the active …

Motives For Financial Statement Fraud And Professional Ethics, Marek Sylwestrzak, Anna Białek-Jaworska, Krzysztof Opolski

Studia i Materiały Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Warszawski

This paper aims to present the motives of financial statement fraud and the impact of professional ethics on the detection and prevention of this phenomenon in business. We present the main reasons for data manipulation by management staff. The importance of professional ethics in detecting financial fraud is also described. Particular attention is paid to the factors that are most important in detecting this phenomenon. In the article, attention has been paid to the influence of whistleblowers and the role of qualitative indicators of earnings on the disclosure of the discussed procedure.

Strategies To Combat Tenant Fraud In The Rental Housing Market, Dr. Gwendolyn B. Dawson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many business executives lack strategies to detect and eliminate tenant fraud in subsidized rental housing. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore strategies some business executives used to detect and eliminate tenant fraud in subsidized rental housing. The conceptual framework used to guide this study was the theory of planned behavior. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews with 6 purposively selected business executives of public housing authorities, supplemented with a review of policies and procedures that business executives used. Yin's 5-step analysis, which entails examining, categorizing, tabulating, creating a data display, and testing the data, guided the process …

An Investigation Into Trust And Security In The Mandatory And Imposed Use Of Financial Icts Upon Older People, David Michael Cook

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Care needs to be taken to reduce the number of people who are fearful and mistrustful of using ICT where that usage is forced upon them without choice or alternative. The growing incidence of mandatory and imposed online systems can result in confusion, misuse, fear, and rejection by people with only rudimentary ICT skills. A cohort where a high percentage of such people occur is older people, defined in this study as people over the age of 60 Examples of compulsory ICT interactions include some banks limiting bank statement access through online rather than paper-based options. Other examples include the …

The Internet Users And Cybercrime In Ghana: Evidence From Senior High School In Brong Ahafo Region, Kwaku Anhwere Barfi Mr., Paul Nyagorme Dr., Nash Yeboah Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Cybercrime, an offence that is committed against individuals through the internet has bedeviled the global online industry. Cybercrime is also criminal activity using internet facilities such as virus infections, identity theft and hacking. There is high risk of becoming a victim especially young internet user. All efforts to combat it have not worked much. The study examined the awareness of Senior High School students towards cybercrime in order to suggest policies to deal with this menace. The study underpinned by social strain theory. The study employed descriptive survey design. Simple sampling technique was used to select 200 students from Sunyani …

Financial Literacy In China: Priorities And A Direction, Yiqing Yuan, Minchao Jin

Center for Social Development Research

Growing income disparity, a shrinking social welfare system, expanding financial markets, and diversifying financial products have pushed economically vulnerable groups in China into greater disadvantage in recent decades. The government has acknowledged the urgency of this situation, which underscores the micro- and macro-level importance of financial literacy and of its study. In general, there are two priorities in efforts to study financial literacy in China. One is theoretical, and the other is empirical. The theoretical priority, which comes from Western research, is to develop conceptual precision; the financial-literacy framework is not well defined, fails to differentiate among related concepts, and …

The Financial Crisis And White-Collar Crime: An Examination Of Brokerage-Failure And Its Link To Ponzi Schemes, Marie Springer

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of federal level Ponzi schemes, the perpetrators of the schemes and the relationship to the financial crisis of 2007 to 2010. The Ponzi schemes have been classified into two overall types of frauds, those that are intentional frauds those that are accidental frauds. The Accidental frauds are schemes that develop when a legitimate business fails, they fall into two specific typologies: Brokerage-failure; Business-failure. The intentional schemes are a variety of typologies such as False-brokerages, intentional confidence schemes, affinity frauds and cybercurrency frauds. The data quantifies characteristics of the schemes and …

Lessons From The Bankruptcy Of Hanjin Shipping, Yutong Pan

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Dual Role Of State Attorneys General In American Federalism: Conflict And Cooperation In An Era Of Partisan Polarization, Paul Nolette

Political Science Faculty Research and Publications

A key development during the Obama Administration was the increasing importance of state attorneys general (AGs) in national policymaking. This article examines the dual role that AGs played during the Obama years. The first role was highly contentious, with Republican AGs leading several multistate challenges to Obama Administration priorities and successfully limiting President Obama’s policy legacy. The second role was more cooperative, involving increasing coordination between AGs and their federal counterparts in national enforcement efforts. Relying on case studies in the areas of immigration enforcement, climate change regulation, and the oversight of for-profit higher education, this article highlights several crucial …

The Financial Exploitation And Abuse Of The Elderly, Christopher Hodges

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The criminal industry of elder financial fraud and exploitation (EFFE) is a growing concern among policy makers as well as researchers. This is due to the growing financial impact exploiters are having on their victims. EFFE is defined by the National Center on Elder Abuse as “the illegal or improper use of an elder’s funds, property, or assets (NCEA, 2017).” Following this definition, the quantity of wealth determined to have been lost due to EFFE is staggering. As the tangible capital loss has grown so has the need for more research into this topic. The research in this paper seeks …

Responding To Foreclosures In Cuyahoga County 2016 Update: Tenth Annual Report January 1 - December 31, 2016, Kathryn W. Hexter, Molly Schnoke

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

The Levin College of Urban Affairs has been the evaluation and research partner for the Cuyahoga County Foreclosure Prevention Program (CCFPP) since the program was adopted in 2006. This report is an update to the County for 2016. The evaluation tracks progress and provides feedback about the program that can be used to improve and adapt it to meet the rapidly changing state and national context surrounding foreclosures.

Since the program began in 2006, the Cuyahoga County foreclosure prevention program has served a total of 29,135 homeowners at the five participating counseling agencies. In 2016 alone, 901 households were counseled. …

Digital Forensics Tool Selection With Multi-Armed Bandit Problem, Umit Karabiyik, Tugba Karabiyik

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Digital forensics investigation is a long and tedious process for an investigator in general. There are many tools that investigators must consider, both proprietary and open source. Forensics investigators must choose the best tool available on the market for their cases to make sure they do not overlook any evidence resides in suspect device within a reasonable time frame. This is however hard decision to make, since learning and testing all available tools make their job only harder. In this project, we define the digital forensics tool selection for a specific investigative task as a multi-armed bandit problem assuming that …

An Analysis Of Corruption In China: The Guanxi Network Of Chinese High Level Officials And Governors, Xiangru Yin

Sustainability and Social Justice

ABSTRACT

AN ANALYSIS OF CORRUPTION IN CHINA: THE GUANXI NETWORK OF CHINESE HIGH LEVEL OFFICIALS AND GOVERNORS

Xiangru YIN

Corruption is considered as one of the biggest hurdles faced by the Chinese government, as it has the effect of thwarting economic growth by perpetuating poverty and income inequality, and discouraging foreign investments into the country. However, unlike other countries, China is a special case because of the Chinese concept of guanxi that highlights the importance of maintaining relationships and networks. This system helps to better understand corruption in the Chinese context. The rules of guanxi are deeply embedded in Chinese …

Law And Identifiability, Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir, Ilana Ritov, Tehila Kogut

Indiana Law Journal

Psychological studies have shown that people react either more generously or more punitively toward identified individuals than toward unidentified ones. This phenomenon, named the identifiability effect, has received little attention in the legal literature, despite its importance for the law. As a prime example, while legislators typically craft rules that would apply to unidentified people, judges ordinarily deal with identified individuals. The identifiability effect suggests that the outcomes of these two forms of lawmaking may differ, even when they pertain to similar facts and situations.

This Article is a preliminary investigation into the relevance of the identifiability effect for law …

Dictation And Delegation In Securities Regulation, Usha Rodrigues

Indiana Law Journal

When Congress undertakes major financial reform, either it dictates the precise con-tours of the law itself or it delegates the bulk of the rule making to an administrative agency. This choice has critical consequences. Making the law self-executing in federal legislation is swift, not subject to administrative tinkering, and less vulnerable than rule making to judicial second-guessing. Agency action is, in contrast, deliberate, subject to ongoing bureaucratic fiddling, and more vulnerable than statutes to judicial challenge.

This Article offers the first empirical analysis of the extent of congressional delegation in securities law from 1970 to the present day, examining nine …

The 2008 Financial Recession And Fair Value Accounting, Anthony Hurlburt

Major Themes in Economics

The recent U.S. housing bubble was correlated with lax underwriting standards, flawed housing polices, and Wall Street innovation. At the peak of the housing bubble, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued standard 157, which provided guidance on fair value accounting. Once the housing market deflated, the standard led many to believe that it was the sole reason asset values collapsed, creating a liquidity crunch and prolonging the financial recession. This paper investigates the causes of the housing bubble and Financial Accounting Standard’s relevance in the aftermath. It finds that fair value accounting simply exposed the poor underwriting standards, bad public …

"I Made A Choice": Exploring The Persuasion Tactics Used By Online Romance Scammers In Light Of Cialdini's Compliance Principles, Aaron K. Archer

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Online romance scams cause a disproportionately high amount of loss to victims when compared to other cybercrimes, and evidence suggests these scams may be more pervasive than official figures indicate. Unlike some other cybercrimes, an online romance scam is only successful to the extent that the scammer can persuade the victim to carry out requests. In his book, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, psychologist Robert Cialdini has identified six psychological principles often exploited by those seeking to gain the compliance of others; these principles may provide a good framework for understanding the effectiveness of the tactics used by online romance …

Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Information Security Governance Effectiveness In United States Corporations, Robert Elliot Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Cyber attackers targeting large corporations achieved a high perimeter penetration success rate during 2013, resulting in many corporations incurring financial losses. Corporate information technology leaders have a fiduciary responsibility to implement information security domain processes that effectually address the challenges for preventing and deterring information security breaches. Grounded in corporate governance theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between strategic alignment, resource management, risk management, value delivery, performance measurement implementations, and information security governance (ISG) effectiveness in United States-based corporations. Surveys were used to collect data from 95 strategic and tactical leaders of the 500 …

White-Collar Crime: Should You Be Afraid?, Logan Smalley

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

A secondary data analysis was conducted to determine relationships between US State, dollar amount of fraud, and type of savings and loan fraud committed. Using a dataset created by Pontell et al. (1999), this paper investigates the impact of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 on prosecuting those who commit crimes within the savings and loan industry. This paper also includes research into the theoretical components of society's perception into white-collar crime and sociological theories that could explain motives behind white-collar offenses.

Corporate Governance And The Shareholder: Asymmetry, Confidence, And Decision-Making, John Buchanan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the decade following the ten-plus percent stockmarket collapse of 2000, regulators enacted a myriad of regulations in response to increasing angst experienced by U.S. capital market retail investors. Systemic asymmetric disclosures have fractured investor confidence prompting many commentators to characterize the relationship between Wall Street and the investment community on main street as dire. Though copious works exist on the phenomenon of corporate behaviors, especially matters of shareholder welfare, weak boards, pervious governance mechanisms, and managerial excess, current literature has revealed a dearth in corporate governance praxis specific to the question and effects of asymmetric disseminations and its principal …

Enterprise Risk Management In Responsible Financial Reporting, Robin B. Ewers

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite regulatory guidelines, unreliable financial reporting exists in organizations, creating undue financial risk-harm for their stakeholders. Normal accident theory (NAT) identifies factors in highly complex integrated systems that can have unexpected, undetected, and uncorrected system failures. High-reliability organization (HRO) theory constructs promote reliability in complex, integrated systems prone to NAT factors. Enterprise risk management (ERM) integrates NAT factors and HRO constructs under a holistic framework to achieve organizational goals and mitigate the potential for stakeholder risk-harm. Literature on how HRO constructs promote ERM in responsible integrated financial systems has been limited. The purpose of this qualitative, grounded theory study was …