Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- San Jose State University (5054)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (3670)
- Hope College (3020)
- Ursinus College (2789)
- WellBeing International (2443)
-
- University of Central Florida (1797)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (1558)
- Colby College (1511)
- Western Kentucky University (1460)
- College of the Holy Cross (1294)
- Wright State University (1260)
- University of Texas at Arlington (1232)
- Western Michigan University (1201)
- Grand Valley State University (1141)
- Utah State University (1100)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (1099)
- Portland State University (1071)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (1049)
- Purdue University (997)
- Brigham Young University (995)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (979)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (971)
- Morehead State University (910)
- University of Kentucky (737)
- Nova Southeastern University (726)
- James Madison University (706)
- Old Dominion University (686)
- University of Northern Iowa (669)
- Louisiana State University (661)
- Singapore Management University (653)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (8866)
- Spartan Daily (3867)
- Newspapers (2879)
- Pennsylvania (2706)
- Montgomery County (2594)
-
- Collegeville (2586)
- Trappe (2585)
- Michigan (2292)
- Holland (2229)
- Local newspapers (2226)
- Holland City News (2011)
- Norristown (1945)
- Student newspapers (1509)
- Student newspaper (1506)
- Popular literature (1409)
- Agricultural newspapers (1407)
- American newspapers (1407)
- Central Maine (1407)
- Maine history (1407)
- Archaeology (1291)
- 19th century newspapers (1229)
- Deaf culture (1110)
- Hearing impaired (1107)
- Pastoral care of people with disabilities (1107)
- Church work with the deaf -- Catholic Church (1106)
- Deaf -- Periodicals (1105)
- Wright State University (976)
- Future (974)
- Student Newspaper (969)
- Central Florida Future (942)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (3485)
- Theses and Dissertations (1517)
- The Independent Newspaper, 1898-1952 (1436)
- Jessie Maye Smith Birds and Watchers Columns Collection (1036)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (1031)
-
- Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (955)
- The Waterville Mail (Waterville, Maine) (954)
- Central Florida Future (942)
- Masters Theses (869)
- WKU Administration Documents (833)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (823)
- The Guardian Student Newspaper (791)
- Dissertations (773)
- Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) (700)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (658)
- Providence Independent Newspaper, 1875-1898 (625)
- Faculty Publications (616)
- Animal Sentience (591)
- Master's Theses (589)
- Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (581)
- The Independent and Montgomery Transcript Newspaper, 1952-1984 (522)
- Honors Theses (495)
- Publications and Research (484)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (480)
- All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023 (476)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (455)
- The Eastern Mail (Waterville, Maine) (453)
- The Cowl (449)
- Kabul Times (435)
- Columbia Chronicle (422)
- Publication Type
Articles 5341 - 5370 of 83805
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Foreign Object Debris: A Spatial Analysis Of Wildlife At Seatac Airport, Eli Elias
Foreign Object Debris: A Spatial Analysis Of Wildlife At Seatac Airport, Eli Elias
Geography and the Environment: Graduate Student Capstones
This study investigates the relationship between birds and prey within the airport environment at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEATAC). In 2023, instances of bird and prey activity near Runway 16C/34C were recorded using Foreign Object Debris (FOD) detection radar. The study stems from the importance of safety within the airport environment and analyzing these relationships to better protect people and mitigate aircraft damage. Runway 16C/34C is the runway of focus as it is the only runway equipped with FOD detection radar. Temperature and rainfall averages acquired from the National Weather Service (NWS) were also used to expand this analysis. The results …
Gamification And Game-Based Learning Tools: A Review And Utility For School Libraries, Sarwesh Pareek
Gamification And Game-Based Learning Tools: A Review And Utility For School Libraries, Sarwesh Pareek
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of gamification tools in school libraries, focusing on a web-based survey that identified 29 games related to digital literacy and library services. These games, categorized as free and paid, span various subjects and topics, including math, science, language arts, and information literacy. The research examines the specific uses of these games, assessing their effectiveness in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes. By analyzing the features, design elements, and user interactions of these games, the study aims to provide insights into their impact on student motivation and educational achievement. The findings highlight the potential of …
Rhetorical Resonances: An Affective Logic Of Emergence In Space And Time, Craig R. Weathers
Rhetorical Resonances: An Affective Logic Of Emergence In Space And Time, Craig R. Weathers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This project explores the affective circulation of controversy in contemporary public discourse through a rhetorical ecological approach. It addresses the problem of how flattened conceptions of power and social movements cast in binary opposition prevent effective deliberation around public controversies. The research method involves analyzing three case studies through a new framework for rhetorical studies, called a logic of emergence, to consider the resonance and trajectories of actants (individuals, groups, and institutions) in conflict. The first case study examines the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville and the discursive equating of antifa and the Alt-Right. The second case analyzes the …
Desire Paths In The Information Landscape, Victoria Van Hyning, Mason A. Jones, Travis Wagner
Desire Paths In The Information Landscape, Victoria Van Hyning, Mason A. Jones, Travis Wagner
Journal of Critical Digital Librarianship
Libraries and archives serve so many different users who come to information institutions with various perspectives, needs, experiences, and desires around accessing physical or digital collections. While our users may find what they are looking for immediately, many have to beat their own paths through complex systems and metadata that doesn’t align with their needs. Their search strategies may leave digital “desire paths”–alternative routes through the information landscape that can show us how to better meet their needs. This article covers three scenarios where users’ desire paths can be seen or where gaps around user experience can be better addressed. …
Theory-Based Science Communication At Comic Cons, Lisa Lundgren, Emily Slater, Man Zhang, Kadie Kunz, Gabriel-Philip Santos
Theory-Based Science Communication At Comic Cons, Lisa Lundgren, Emily Slater, Man Zhang, Kadie Kunz, Gabriel-Philip Santos
Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications
The majority of research concerning science communication happens in spaces where people already have a vested interest in or knowledge of science, such as museums and science cafes. Thus, there is a gap in understanding what theory-based science communication looks like in non-science-centered spaces. This qualitative research study, which featured cosplaying science communicators at comic conventions, offers insights into what science communication practices occur within everyday spaces. We conducted observations of and semi-structured interviews with 15 cosplaying scientists, examining how they utilized effective framing and narrative structuring when communicating science at comic cons in cosplay. Across 700 coded utterances, cosplaying …
Embracing The Oregon Way, Tony Salvador Ph.D.
Embracing The Oregon Way, Tony Salvador Ph.D.
Hatfield Graduate Journal of Public Affairs
No abstract provided.
Which Tools Can Aid The Management Of Intangible Cultural Heritage In Community Based Heritage Organizations In Cairo? A Case Study Of Shubra’S Archive, Mienke Zwemstra
Which Tools Can Aid The Management Of Intangible Cultural Heritage In Community Based Heritage Organizations In Cairo? A Case Study Of Shubra’S Archive, Mienke Zwemstra
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of cultural heritage management in Cairo, focusing particularly on intangible heritage and the potential benefits of digital tools in this field. It highlights the marginalization of community-based organizations in the broader narrative of heritage management in Cairo, along with the limited alignment and collaboration between local, national and international heritage institutions. Drawing from ethnographic research conducted at the Shubra’s Archive (SARD), this study identifies the challenges faced by such organizations, including the reliance on volunteers and international funding for mission implementation. It emphasizes the importance of strategic planning and collaboration with municipal and national …
How Do They See Us?: Unhcr's Representations Of Syrian Refugees In “Every Second Counts” Campaign, Marah Khalid
How Do They See Us?: Unhcr's Representations Of Syrian Refugees In “Every Second Counts” Campaign, Marah Khalid
Theses and Dissertations
Representation is not just an opinion; it is the recreation of realities, facts, and stories that encourage receivers, who are readers and viewers, to build perceptions of a certain topic, objects, events, and human beings. Studying the representation of refugees in the media, UN agencies, and International organizations' press releases, videos, and images has been the main focus for many scholars for decades. However, little is known about refugees' perspectives on visuals produced by UN agencies. This research tries to add to the few studies concerning the captured human object, refugees, perspective using Hall’s encoding/decoding model (Hall, 1997) to analyze …
Tactical Compromises: Authoritarian Survival Mechanisms Of Sudan’S Inqaz Regime (1989-2019), Dalia Abdelnabi
Tactical Compromises: Authoritarian Survival Mechanisms Of Sudan’S Inqaz Regime (1989-2019), Dalia Abdelnabi
Theses and Dissertations
How did the Inqaz regime survive a civil war, economic crises, mass upheavals, and political stagnation for thirty years? This question guides the study’s analysis of the survival of one of the MENA’s most resilient authoritarian regimes. Authoritarian durability is an adaptive risk-taking process of implementing politically costly plans to survive in power. This research investigates authoritarian survival through power-sharing reforms and coup-proofing tactics. The study highlights the role of the autocratic ruling coalition in maintaining regime durability and argues that intra-elite dynamics are key to understanding an autocrat’s exit without a clear successor. To this end, I investigate the …
Viral Peer Advice: Health Memes Used As Speech Acts Of Advising In English, Laurel Smith Stvan
Viral Peer Advice: Health Memes Used As Speech Acts Of Advising In English, Laurel Smith Stvan
Linguistics & TESOL Faculty Publications & Presentations - Archive
To better represent online health communication modes, an English-language corpus of lay health discourse was expanded to include health-related memes. Using these forms of peer-to-peer lay communication, I propose ways to categorize the illocutionary force of memes when they function as speech acts of advice. The subcorpus contains 200 English-language health-related memes gathered during 2018-2023 through Google image searches. I found the affiliative and disaffiliative strategies that Placencia (2012) noted within Yahoo! Respuestas advice exchanges; with meme multimodality, however, additional versions of these strategies appeared: characters used as sympathetic or encouraging affiliative features, but also chastising or disapproving characters as …
The Secrets Of Christian Others: Hungarian Catholic Intellectuals Debate Ecumenism At A Transylvanian Pilgrimage Site, Marc Roscoe Loustau
The Secrets Of Christian Others: Hungarian Catholic Intellectuals Debate Ecumenism At A Transylvanian Pilgrimage Site, Marc Roscoe Loustau
Journal of Global Catholicism
Claims about a shared Christian tradition animate European debates about religious otherness, but more remains to be known about how Catholics on Europe’s near-margins understand ecumenical unity among churches. I analyze contemporary Hungarian Catholic intellectuals’ publications about a controversy at the Hungarian national shrine, Our Lady of Csíksomlyó, in Transylvania. When a priest wrote that Csíksomlyó’s annual pilgrimage commemorated sixteenth-century Catholics’ victory over an invading Unitarian army, Transylvania’s Unitarian bishop denounced the origin as an undocumented myth. Prominent Catholic ethnologists, historians, and theologians agreed that, in the name of ecumenism, intellectuals should not publicly mention the origin narrative. But they …
Socialization Procedure For An Adult Feral Cat In A Home Setting, Erica Serito
Socialization Procedure For An Adult Feral Cat In A Home Setting, Erica Serito
Thesis Projects
Of the nearly sixty million feral cats, most are deemed unadoptable and thereby unable to be rescuable given their aggressive behaviors towards humans. There are currently no evidence-based socialization training procedures used to socialize adult feral cats with the main interventions for the fearful adult feral cats being trap-neuter-return (TNR) or euthanasia. The purpose of the current study was to decrease undesirable behaviors of an adult feral cat to facilitate safe and reciprocal interactions between her and humans. The study evaluated the use of a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) procedure without extinction on an adult feral cat to …
Building Climate Resilience: How Climate Groups Can Channel Anxiety And Grief Into Action, Martin J. Lemke
Building Climate Resilience: How Climate Groups Can Channel Anxiety And Grief Into Action, Martin J. Lemke
University Honors Theses
As the impacts of climate change increasingly stress the ecological and social systems of the planet there is also a greater incidence of psychological struggles related to climate instability. Climate change is a significant source of psychological distress for many individuals, often manifesting as climate anxiety and grief. This thesis explores research and therapeutic experience that has been generated as the discipline of psychology seeks to meet this rising challenge. In particular, the fields of ecopsychology, psychodynamic therapy, existential psychology and Indigenous knowledge contributed the majority of the insight to the conclusions drawn along with contributions from potentially applicable emotions …
Women Voters And The Illusion Of Choice, Debangana Chatterjee
Women Voters And The Illusion Of Choice, Debangana Chatterjee
Popular Media
A record turnout of women voters notwithstanding, the voting narratives across India remain gendered.
“Salmon Don’T Have Time For Us To Fix The Climate”: The Politics Of Climate Change And Dam Breaching On The Lower Snake River, Zanna Stutz
Geography Undergraduate Senior Theses
This thesis examines the politics of climate change and dam breach on the Lower Snake River. Located in Southeastern Washington within the Columbia River Basin, the four Lower Snake River dams (LSRD) have long been a source of political and legal controversy. While dam proponents advocate for services that they provide, which includes hydropower, navigation, and irrigation, others contend that their environmental impacts, particularly on salmon and steelhead, make them legally, environmentally, and morally irresponsible. Within this space, I specifically investigate how climate change has influenced the environmental politics and conflicts that surrounds dam breaching, further exploring how competing values …
Fiscal Incentives For Green Growth: A Mixed-Methods Study Of The State Of Agroforestry And Tree Cover In India, Spriha Pandey
Fiscal Incentives For Green Growth: A Mixed-Methods Study Of The State Of Agroforestry And Tree Cover In India, Spriha Pandey
Environmental Studies Senior Theses
Agroforestry is a crucial strategy for diversifying farmer livelihoods and achieving India's climate goals, but its adoption has been hindered by institutional and fiscal obstacles. This mixed-methods study investigates the impact of national government schemes on tree cover increase and expert perceptions of incentives and barriers to agroforestry adoption. Our analysis of national schemes from 2013-2017 reveals that effective fiscal mechanisms and policy cohesion are critical drivers of agroforestry growth. Specifically, we find that increased funding for the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is associated with significant increases in tree cover area while funding for the Horticultural Scheme (NHM) is …
Land-Use Governance And Indigenous Engagement In Arctic Alaska And Norway: Successes, Current Gaps, And Paths Forward, Ningning Sun
Land-Use Governance And Indigenous Engagement In Arctic Alaska And Norway: Successes, Current Gaps, And Paths Forward, Ningning Sun
Environmental Studies Senior Theses
This study aims to analyze the land use governance structures and the role of Indigenous engagement in Alaska and Norway using a comparative approach, with special focus on successful practices, current gaps, and paths forward to achieve equitable governance. Extractive land uses, such as oil and gas extraction and the construction of wind farms, have mixed impacts on Indigenous communities and lead to social and legal issues such as land use conflict and environmental injustice. Previous research has studied land use governance in Arctic countries with regard to Indigenous Peoples, yet there is a lack of literature that spans Alaska …
Deconstructing The Richness Of Understanding The Nature Of Language, Learning, And Social Change: A Journey Through Sfl Action Research For Teachers In Pursuit Of A Multilingual Equity Agenda, Elih Sutisna Yanto
The Qualitative Report
This essential volume, edited by Meg Gebhard, illustrates how K-12 teachers use Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and action research to support the development of disciplinary literacy among diverse learners in high-stakes school reform contexts. With contributions from teachers, teacher educators, and researchers, this book empowers teachers to be agents of change in their schools by designing and implementing of curricula, instruction, and assessment that build on students' cultural and linguistic knowledge. This book provides a framework, tools and resources for teaching and supporting multilingual students and ELLs through case studies and contexts. This book aims to improve teachers' professional practice …
The Critical Art And Hope Of Unraveling: A Review Of M. F. Alvarez’S Autoethnography Of Suicide And Renewal, Lucy E. Bailey
The Critical Art And Hope Of Unraveling: A Review Of M. F. Alvarez’S Autoethnography Of Suicide And Renewal, Lucy E. Bailey
The Qualitative Report
This review engages with the powerful critical and evocative autoethnography, Unraveling: An Autoethnography of Suicide and Renewal (2024). Written by M. F. Alvarez, Assistant Professor of Communication Studies at the University of New Hampshire, this book narrates the embodied experiences of a young Filipino gay man named Mike whose suffering from childhood trauma slowly escalates into relentless delusions and self-harm that eventually propel him to seek professional help. Alvarez’s beautifully sculpted book captures Mike’s multidimensional psychological life as he lives, observes, and narrates it within structures that medicalize people’s mental health experiences. Dividing his text into story and analysis, Alvarez …
An Epigenetically Driven Relationship Between Parental Ptsd And Inflammatory Disease In Offspring: A Proposal, Emma Griffith, Kevin P. Kaut
An Epigenetically Driven Relationship Between Parental Ptsd And Inflammatory Disease In Offspring: A Proposal, Emma Griffith, Kevin P. Kaut
Journal of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Processes
Could a combat veteran's horrific experiences in early-2000s Afghanistan have a direct, biological impact on his or her now-adult daughter's risk of a heart attack later in her life? This concept would have been unapologetically mocked a mere twenty years ago, and it has only been in the past decade that the new field of epigenetics has revealed a distinct possibility for this event to actually take place—for parents' experiences to profoundly influence the biology of their children. The major objective of this research project is to argue for the legitimacy of this theoretical phenomenon by discussing the latest data …
Phototaxis In The Terrestrial Isopod: A Mechanism For Investigating Invertebrate Learning And Memory, Christopher Buzzelli, Jessica Kent, Chelsea Pawlak, Kevin P. Kaut
Phototaxis In The Terrestrial Isopod: A Mechanism For Investigating Invertebrate Learning And Memory, Christopher Buzzelli, Jessica Kent, Chelsea Pawlak, Kevin P. Kaut
Journal of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Processes
Isopods readily explore new environments and typically prefer contexts with lower levels of illumination (i.e., negative phototaxis). In the first of two behavioral experiments reported here, the ability of isopods to discriminate between light and dark nesting regions was confirmed, although evidence suggests an initial ‘instinctive’ draw toward a darker context. Extending these findings to experiment 2, isopods were trained against their negatively phototaxic tendency and had to exit a darkened start chamber in order to locate nesting material in a brighter chamber. Within-session improvements in latency to enter the nesting region were noted across training trials, coupled with evidence …
Building The Pyramid: An Information Literacy Activity For Science Classrooms, Justin Savage
Building The Pyramid: An Information Literacy Activity For Science Classrooms, Justin Savage
University Libraries Scholarship and Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Artificial Intelligence As The Next Front In The Class War, Christopher Hill
Artificial Intelligence As The Next Front In The Class War, Christopher Hill
Dissertations and Theses
For many years, artificial intelligence has been confined to the realm of science fiction, and while the technology has been in development, predicting the effects AI will have on our society has been a challenging endeavor. The release of ChatGPT in 2022, the subsequent mass adoption of the AI chatbot, and the response by other private firms in the field announced AI's permanent entrance into the public sphere. These recent strides made in the field of artificial intelligence reveal that the pace of technological development has outstripped the rate at which we are able to politically examine and understand these …
Relationships Between Parenting Styles And Oppositional Defiant Disorder In African American Families, Sierra Savedge
Relationships Between Parenting Styles And Oppositional Defiant Disorder In African American Families, Sierra Savedge
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a mental health disorder that is seen throughout adolescent populations; however, limited research has been conducted on African American adolescents. Based on the parenting theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine relationships between parenting styles, African American cultural influences, and ODD. A sample of 125 parents with adolescents in Virginia was surveyed. The Parenting Styles Questionnaire was used to measure parenting styles. The African American Acculturation Scale Revised was used to measure African American cultural influences. Symptoms of ODD were measured using the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory. Chi-square tests, independent …
Relationships Between Parenting Styles And Oppositional Defiant Disorder In African American Families, Sierra Savedge
Relationships Between Parenting Styles And Oppositional Defiant Disorder In African American Families, Sierra Savedge
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a mental health disorder that is seen throughout adolescent populations; however, limited research has been conducted on African American adolescents. Based on the parenting theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine relationships between parenting styles, African American cultural influences, and ODD. A sample of 125 parents with adolescents in Virginia was surveyed. The Parenting Styles Questionnaire was used to measure parenting styles. The African American Acculturation Scale Revised was used to measure African American cultural influences. Symptoms of ODD were measured using the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory. Chi-square tests, independent …
Determining The Cerebellum’S Functional Role In Adolescent Reward Processing, Teagan Mullins
Determining The Cerebellum’S Functional Role In Adolescent Reward Processing, Teagan Mullins
Psychology ETDs
Cerebellar contributions to adolescent reward processing have not been explored in prior research, despite the fact that both reward processing and the cerebellum are undergoing significant maturation during this time. Reward processing in the cerebellum has been found in both adults and in animal models. However, given both maturational changes and a variety of reward related psychopathology that emerges during adolescence, reward processing in the cerebellum during adolescence may not mirror that of the cerebellum during adulthood and may shift over adolescence and be linked to psychopathology. This dissertation reviews the existing literature on cerebellar reward in adolescence (chapter one). …
Fighting Erasure And Dispossession In The San Francisco Bay Area: Putting Archaeology To Work For The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, Lee M. Panich, Monica V. Arellano, Michael Wilcox, Gustavo Flores
Fighting Erasure And Dispossession In The San Francisco Bay Area: Putting Archaeology To Work For The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, Lee M. Panich, Monica V. Arellano, Michael Wilcox, Gustavo Flores
Faculty Publications
The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe has long been involved in the archaeology and stewardship of their ancestral homelands, both through their own cultural resource management (CRM) firm and though collaborations with academic and CRM archaeologists. In this article, we build on the past 40 years of archaeological collaborations in the southern San Francisco Bay region and offer examples of how archaeologists can support tribal heritage and environmental stewardship by using the traditional purview of material culture in combination with a broader array of evidence and concerns. As presented in our brief case studies, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe and scholars are working …
Qinzong Emperor: An Insignificant Emperor?, Xinzhi Lin
Charles H. Schaffer: “Alger County Charcoal King”, Thomas J. Straka
Charles H. Schaffer: “Alger County Charcoal King”, Thomas J. Straka
Upper Country: A Journal of the Lake Superior Region
One of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula’s earliest industries was iron production. Iron furnaces (smelters) were part of that industry; these were primarily fueled by charcoal, produced in hundreds of charcoal kilns scattered across the Upper Peninsula. Charcoal burning was a major industry in its own right, and one person, Charles H. Schaffer, came to dominate it, earning the name “Alger County Charcoal King.” His empire began when the Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad expanded east from Marquette and was centered on charcoal kilns at the Onota station in Alger County. When wood supplies near Lake Superior declined, he expanded his charcoal …
Episodic Memory Influences On Decision-Making: An Fmri Investigation Of Young And Older Adult Populations, Julie Van
Theses and Dissertations
Episodic memory involves the ability to remember specific events and personal experiences. It shares computational and neural resources with episodic future thinking, or the ability to simulate future episodes in anticipation of situations that have not yet occurred. Activity in the frontal lobe has been associated with episodic memory formation, as functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been associated with the organization and manipulation of information when forming memories. At its core, episodic memory extends to several other functional domains by recombining past information to construct future scenarios, facilitating an aspect of "mental …