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Remains From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Hebrew, Pp. 73*–85*, English Summary, P. 165), Michael Cohen
Remains From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Hebrew, Pp. 73*–85*, English Summary, P. 165), Michael Cohen
'Atiqot
The excavation on the lower western slope of the city of Safed (Zefat) revealed remains of three buildings built upon bedrock. The occupational sequence extended from the Mamluk period, when the neighborhood was established, through the Ottoman period and until British Mandate times. The finds included pottery, both local and imported, as well as glass finds and coins. These results correspond with historical sources that describe the zenith of the city of Safed in the fourteenth century.
Mamluk And Ottoman Remains In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 113–137), Hervé Barbé
Mamluk And Ottoman Remains In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 113–137), Hervé Barbé
'Atiqot
The salvage excavation in the al-Wata quarter of Safed revealed that the development of this sector of the city began as early as the early Mamluk period. This is further reinforced by the Arabic historical sources. The pottery suggests that occupation began as early as the thirteenth century, with some vessels clearly dating to the Frankish period. The numismatic study adds credence to this conclusion. The historical data and the archaeological finds, including a seventeenth-century coin, hint that the site was also occupied in the first half of the Ottoman period; however, no building remains from this period were identified.
Coins From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–72*, English Summary, P. 164), Donald T. Ariel, Ariel Berman
Coins From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–72*, English Summary, P. 164), Donald T. Ariel, Ariel Berman
'Atiqot
Of the 129 coins found at Ḥorbat Ma‘on, 56 could be identified. The earliest coins date to the first century BCE–first century CE through the first half of the third century CE—these may not be related to the settlement at the site. The coins from the last third of the third century until the first quarter of the fifth century CE seem to reflect the Stratum VI occupation there. Strata V–IV are represented by coins later than 423 until the seventh century CE. The remainder of the coins date to the late seventh through ninth centuries CE (Stratum III) and …
A Byzantine Monastery And Islamic-Period Settlement Remains At Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–62*, English Summary, Pp. 162–163), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Gregory Seriy
A Byzantine Monastery And Islamic-Period Settlement Remains At Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–62*, English Summary, Pp. 162–163), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Gregory Seriy
'Atiqot
At Ḥorbat Ma‘on, located in the northwestern Negev, three areas were opened (A–C) and six strata (I–VI) were discerned. The strata date from the Late Roman–early Byzantine to the Late Islamic (fourteenth century CE) periods. In Stratum V, dated to the late Byzantine period, a well-planned complex was erected, consisting of several buildings and at least two streets. The finds included local and imported pottery vessels. Gypsum stoppers were found in one of the rooms, two of them bore the embossed forms of a lion and a cross. The architecture and finds from Stratum V indicate that this must have …
Two Rock-Cut Burial Caves And Greek Inscriptions From The Qidron Valley, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–24), Boaz Zissu, Zubair Adawi
Two Rock-Cut Burial Caves And Greek Inscriptions From The Qidron Valley, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–24), Boaz Zissu, Zubair Adawi
'Atiqot
Two rock-cut burial caves (I, II), located at the bottom of the western slope of the Qidron Valley, were exposed. Cave I had been breached by antiquities looters in the past and was, therefore, documented only. Cave II was found sealed and was subsequently partially excavated. Two stone slabs (tombstones or tomb closing slabs) bearing Greek inscriptions were uncovered ex situ in the vicinity of the caves. Burial Cave I was dated to the Late Roman–Byzantine periods based solely on its plan. The architecture of Burial Cave II and the finds date its use to the Byzantine period (fifth–sixth centuries …
A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Middle Bronze Age Iic Near The Village Of Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, P. 161), Zach Horowitz, Doron Lipkunski
A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Middle Bronze Age Iic Near The Village Of Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, P. 161), Zach Horowitz, Doron Lipkunski
'Atiqot
The burial cave was used during two different periods: the Intermediate Bronze Age (Phase 1) and MB IIC (Phase 2). During Phase 1, the cave served for the burial of one individual, whereas in Phase 2, it served for the burial of approximately 25 individuals. The finds from the Phase 2 burial included prolific local and imported ceramic finds, an alabaster vessel, bone-inlay plates, faience beads, metal objects, and four scarabs and a cylinder seal. Following its use during MB IIC, the cave was abandoned.
Three Canaanite Design Scarabs, One Egyptian Obsidian Scarab And One Syrian Cylinder Seal From A Burial Cave Near Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Pp. 1–11), Baruch Brandl
'Atiqot
Four scarabs and a cylinder seal were unearthed in a burial cave near Ras ‘Ali, in Naḥal Zippori. Three of the scarabs are made of glazed steatite and one, of obsidian; the seal is made of serpentine. The three glazed steatite scarabs are locally made Canaanite products, while the obsidian scarab seems to have been imported from Egypt. The cylinder seal is a Syrian product that was imported from the Syrian coast, most probably from Ugarit. All the glyptic finds are typical of MB IIC in Canaan (sixteenth century BCE).
The Oil Lamps From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 1*–21*), Alla Nagorsky
The Oil Lamps From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 1*–21*), Alla Nagorsky
'Atiqot
About 100 ceramic oil lamps, many of them complete, were recovered from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel. Most were found in fills that could not be related to a specific occupation level while more than half were found in fills in the ‘burial enclosure’. Almost all the lamp types, ranging in date from the Late Roman to the Mamluk periods (third–thirteenth centuries CE), appear in the corpus of the Hebrew University excavations at Bet She’an.
A Fatimid-Period Glass Weight From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 147–148; English Summary, P. 131*), Elias Khamis
A Fatimid-Period Glass Weight From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 147–148; English Summary, P. 131*), Elias Khamis
'Atiqot
A Fatimid-period disk weight, equivalent in weight to two dinars and made of honey-green glass, was found in the northern part of Building III. It bears a three-line stamp of Imām az-Zāhir, the seventh Fātīmid Imām. Similar glass weights are known from Egypt, but have also been found in Syria and Palestine. Some scholars have suggested that these are glass jetons, used as coins. A more widely accepted suggestion is that these are simply dinar and dirham weights.
Mollusk Shells From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp.149–151; English Summary, P. 132*), Frida Ben-Ami
Mollusk Shells From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp.149–151; English Summary, P. 132*), Frida Ben-Ami
'Atiqot
Five mollusk shells were retrieved from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel: Hexaplex trunculus, Glycymeris glycymeris, Spondylus gaederopus, Charonia sp., Tridacna maxima. Four shells originated in the Mediterranean Sea, and one, in the Red Sea. One specimen, the Charonia sp., is not found along the shore of Israel, and was most probably collected somewhere else in the Mediterranean basin, possibly Italy. One of the shells found at the site, H. trunculus, is known to have been used for dyeing in biblical times. The other four were used as decorative ornaments (beads), or as storage containers, …
Building Remains And A ‘Burial Enclosure’ From The Byzantine To The Mamluk Periods At Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (With A Contribution By Alexandra Sardoyev) (Hebrew, Pp. 1–63; English Summary, Pp. 119*–128*), Ofer Sion
'Atiqot
A salvage excavation conducted at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel, on the eastern margins of the city, revealed remains of four buildings, tombs and water installations belonging to eight strata. In the lowest two strata was a Late Roman and Byzantine ‘burial enclosure’ comprising a stone foundation (Stratum VIII), a burial cave and a cist grave (Stratum VII). Buildings were erected among the burials in Stratum VI and these revealed a number of alterations, made during the Umayyad period (Strata V–IV), until their destruction in the 749 CE earthquake. Abbasid-period Stratum III represents construction following the earthquake. …
The Ceramic Finds From The Late Roman To The Ottoman Periods At Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 65–146; English Summary, Pp. 129*–130*), Miriam Avissar
The Ceramic Finds From The Late Roman To The Ottoman Periods At Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 65–146; English Summary, Pp. 129*–130*), Miriam Avissar
'Atiqot
The pottery recovered from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel includes few Late Roman sherds; a rich Byzantine assemblage comprising local and imported bowls, cooking wares, storage jars, jugs and amphorae; an equally rich Early Islamic assemblage consisting of glazed wares ranging from Coptic glazed ware to double-slipped glazed bowls, ‘Kerbschnitt’ bowls, glazed and unglazed cooking ware, and plain vessels made of both reddish and buff wares, possibly produced on-site, as well as kiln wasters, lids, a pomegranate-shaped bottle, a zoomorphic vessel and jar fragments bearing incised inscriptions; a rich variety of medieval vessels, including …
The Coins From The Excavation At Lod (Hebrew, Pp. 41*–43*; English Summary, P. 221), Robert Kool
The Coins From The Excavation At Lod (Hebrew, Pp. 41*–43*; English Summary, P. 221), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Twenty-two coins were unearthed in the excavation north of Tel Lod, of which 17 were identified: 5 coins date to the Byzantine period, 1 is a Byzanto-Arab coin, and 10 coins date to the Umayyad and Abassid periods.
Remains Of A Public Building From The Byzantine Period And A Farmhouse From The Early Islamic Period North Of Tel Lod (With A Contribution By Nitzan Amitai-Preiss) (Hebrew, Pp. 23*–39*; English Summary, Pp. 219–220), Elie Haddad
'Atiqot
In a salvage excavation conducted north of Tel Lod, twelve squares were excavated, exposing finds from the Persian–Early Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. The finds from the Persian–Early Roman periods consisted merely of pottery and stone vessels. Two strata were identified from the Byzantine period: Stratum IIB yielded a segment of a flagstone floor belonging to a public building, and a few pottery vessels dated to the late third–seventh centuries CE; Stratum IIA comprised some architectural elements, a poorly-preserved lime pit and a plastered installation, as well as pottery vessels, a metal object and coins. The Early Islamic period …
The Glass Vessels, Beads And Metal Artifacts From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 15*–22*; English Summary, P. 218), Tamar Winter
'Atiqot
The burial cave at ‘En Ya‘al yielded about 480 glass fragments. All but one of the glass vessels was free-blown of translucent colorless, light blue or light green glass. Several vessels were adorned with applied wound glass trails, and one vessel was decorated with shallow, mold-blown ribbing. The glass vessels from the site are typical of two eras: the Early Roman period (second half of the first–second centuries CE) and the Late Roman–Byzantine periods (fourth–seventh centuries CE). The beads—made of glass, carnelian and amethyst—and the metal objects—a ring, bracelets, iron and bronze pendants, a bell, copper/bronze trappings and an iron …
A Byzantine-Period Pendant From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Pp. 135–137), Robert Kool
A Byzantine-Period Pendant From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Pp. 135–137), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
The pendant was found in the standing pit of the rock-hewn burial cave at ‘En Ya‘al. It is a cast-bronze, double-sided medallion, with two flat loops at opposite sides. A cruciform Greek monogram was incised or engraved on the flat surfaces of the medallion, possibly with the name of the pendant’s owner. Similar pendants were usually religious or amuletic in character. The inscription was engraved on the encircling edge of the medallion. It is a simple invocation, common on rings and bracelets from Byzantine Palestine, in which the owner invokes the name of a saint or holy person for help …
A Burial Cave From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Hebrew, P. 11*–14*; English Summary, P. 217), Rafeh Abu Raya, Miguel Weissman
A Burial Cave From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Hebrew, P. 11*–14*; English Summary, P. 217), Rafeh Abu Raya, Miguel Weissman
'Atiqot
A rock-cut burial complex, comprising a courtyard and a cave, was excavated at ‘En Ya‘al, Jerusalem. The cave contains a burial chamber, a standing pit, loculi (kokhim) and a repository. The excavation yielded many ceramic oil lamps and vessels dating to the fourth–seventh centuries CE, with a few dating to the Early Islamic period; glass vessels, beads and metal objects, dating to the Early Roman–Byzantine periods; and a Christian bronze pendant. The plan of the cave is characteristic of Second Temple-period burial caves. The next phase of use was during the mid-first–second centuries CE, and the final use of the …
Ceramic Oil Lamps And Vessels From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Pp. 123–134), Anna De Vincenz
Ceramic Oil Lamps And Vessels From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Pp. 123–134), Anna De Vincenz
'Atiqot
Most of the ceramic lamps and vessels from the burial cave at ‘En Ya‘al were retrieved from the cave courtyard; merely a few originated in the standing pit. A large number of lamps were found, comprising three main variants of the candlestick-type lamp; one of them bears a Greek inscription. The majority of the lamps were unused, with only a small number showing burning signs on the nozzle. The fragmentary pottery assemblage includes mainly small vessels, such as bowls and juglets, as well as some larger bowls and mortaria. This assemblage is dated to the Byzantine period, with a few …
The Ceramic Finds From Khirbat El-Mughram In The Shu‘Afat Neighborhood, Jerusalem (Pp. 115–121), Yehudah Rapuano
The Ceramic Finds From Khirbat El-Mughram In The Shu‘Afat Neighborhood, Jerusalem (Pp. 115–121), Yehudah Rapuano
'Atiqot
The pottery recovered from the excavation at Kh. el-Mughram originated in two loci: the burial cave and the fills abutting the terrace wall (L102). The pottery from both loci represents homogeneous deposits dating to the period between the First and Second Jewish Revolts against the Romans (70–132 CE). The ceramic finds from this site amplify the pottery repertoire of the village of Shu‘afat, leading to the conclusion that the tomb belonged to inhabitants of that village.
A Burial Cave And An Agricultural Terrace At Khirbat El-Mughram In The Shu‘Afat Neighborhood, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Natalia Katsnelson)(Hebrew, Pp. 1*–9*; English Summary, Pp. 215–216), Zubair Adawi
'Atiqot
Two excavation areas were exposed at the site of Khirbat el-Mughram: in the western area, a burial cave was partially excavated, and in the eastern area, a revetment wall for an agricultural terrace was unearthed. The burial cave consists of two arcosolia and two loculi (kokhim), a phenomena characteristic of the Second Temple period. The finds in the cave include pottery dating to the period between the two revolts (70–135 CE), six limestone ossuaries and six ossuary lids. All the ossuaries are decorated in low relief; one ossuary is incised with a name in Greek, and another exhibits traces of …
Stamped Amphorae Handles From ‘Akko (Pp. 105–113), Gerald Finkielstejn
Stamped Amphorae Handles From ‘Akko (Pp. 105–113), Gerald Finkielstejn
'Atiqot
Thirty stamped amphora handles were found in the course of the excavation at ‘Akko, most of them Rhodian, one Cypriot, one Phoenician and two unidentified. Such a collection is quite common in the Southern Levant. Two of the Rhodian stamps date to the second third of the third century; eight, to the last quarter of the third century; four, to the end of the third–beginning of the second century; six, to the first third of the second century; and six, to the middle and the third quarter of the second century BCE. The top of the Cypriot amphora (Cy1) seems …
The Burial Ground At Ḥorbat Za‘Aq (Pp. 1–23), Irit Yezerski
The Burial Ground At Ḥorbat Za‘Aq (Pp. 1–23), Irit Yezerski
'Atiqot
Thirty-two rock-cut burial tombs were documented in the burial ground excavated at Ḥorbat Za‘aq, in the southern Judean Shephelah. The majority of the tombs date to Iron Age IIB–III; one tomb (Tomb 13) dates to MB IIB–C; another (Tomb 48), to the Roman or Byzantine period; and two tombs (Tombs 22 and 23) were reused in the Early Roman period. These tombs probably belonged to families who lived in villages or farms in the vicinity of the burial ground. The Iron Age IIB–III rock-cut tombs at H. Za‘aq were hewn according to local architectural traditions; however, they share certain features …
A Fountain And Other Remains From The Middle Ages In Ramla (With Contributions By Nitzan Amitai-Preiss And Robert Kool) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 173–174), Lior Rauchberger, Aviva Bouchenino
A Fountain And Other Remains From The Middle Ages In Ramla (With Contributions By Nitzan Amitai-Preiss And Robert Kool) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 173–174), Lior Rauchberger, Aviva Bouchenino
'Atiqot
The excavation, conducted 500 m east of the White Mosque in Ramla, exposed architectural remains dated to the Abbasid and Mamluk periods. Pottery vessels from the Ottoman period were also found, but no contemporary architectural remains. Finds from the Abbasid period include pottery—among them a jug with an Arabic inscription—and stone and glass vessels. A fountain and a pool from the Mamluk period were uncovered. In the center of the fountain was a sunken basin in the form of an eight-pointed star. Eight vertical clay pipes embedded in debesh were revealed outside the eight points of the star, and another …
Glass Finds From The Abbasid And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–76*; English Summary, P. 175), Yael Gorin-Rosen
Glass Finds From The Abbasid And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–76*; English Summary, P. 175), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
The glass finds from the excavations at Ramla are remarkable. Out of 30 fragments found, 20 have been identified and 5 of these are discussed: 2 from the Abbasid period and 3 from the Mamluk period. The Abbasid-period assemblage contains a fragment of a mold-blown bowl and a small rim fragment of a bowl decorated with luster painting. The Mamluk-period assemblage includes a bottle, an “omom” sprinkler and a bird-shaped object. These finds testify to the great wealth of Ramla during the Early Islamic period, when the city was founded and served as a major center, and in the Mamluk …
An Early Islamic-Period Roadbed(?) In Ramla (With A Contribution By Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 31*–44*; English Summary, P. 170), Elie Haddad
'Atiqot
A salvage excavation, conducted c. 250 m east of Ma‘asiyahu Junction in Ramla, uncovered the probable infrastructure of an ancient road, dating from the Early Islamic period. In most places, this foundation lies over a layer of dark, sandy hamra soil. Interspersed among the stones of the roadbed were potsherds, objects made of steatite, bone and bronze, and glass vessels. The faunal remains include a large number of horse bones. This roadbed was probably part of a secondary route, perhaps a branch of the Jaffa–Jerusalem highway.
Glass Finds From The Early Islamic And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, Pp. 171–172), Yael Gorin-Rosen
Glass Finds From The Early Islamic And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, Pp. 171–172), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
Excavations at Ma‘asiyahu Junction, Ramla yielded 68 glass fragments, 43 of which were identifiable. Most of the vessels are dated between the ninth and the eleventh centuries CE, and one fragment, to the Mamluk period. Four small lumps of raw glass were also found, probably testifying to the existence of a local glass industry. The glassware from the Early Islamic period includes a miniature ampulla, an alembic vessel and a fragment from a distinctive, horseshoe-shaped object. The superior quality of these vessels may indicate that they were imported, evidence of the wealth of Ramla’s residents during the Early Islamic period.
A Site From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At Khirbat El-Burj (With Contributions By Robert Kool And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–30*; English Summary, Pp. 167–169), Ilan Peretz, Pirhiya Nahshoni
A Site From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At Khirbat El-Burj (With Contributions By Robert Kool And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–30*; English Summary, Pp. 167–169), Ilan Peretz, Pirhiya Nahshoni
'Atiqot
The site is located at the foot of the Hebron Hills, one kilometer south of Tell Beit Mirsim. Two areas were excavated (Areas A and B). In Area A, a row of three rooms, possibly associated with a Roman bathhouse, was exposed. The artifacts recovered from the fills and the floors included tubuli, ceramic tiles and segments of mosaic panels, as well as fragments of pottery and glass vessels, and three coins. These finds date mostly to the Late Roman and early Byzantine periods (end of third–fifth centuries CE). In Area B, the remains of a plastered installation, partly built …
Gat-Govrin (Naḥal Qomem): A Late Chalcolithic Site In The Northern Negev (Pp. 1–25), Hamoudi Khalaily, Sorin Hermon
Gat-Govrin (Naḥal Qomem): A Late Chalcolithic Site In The Northern Negev (Pp. 1–25), Hamoudi Khalaily, Sorin Hermon
'Atiqot
A salvage excavation at Gat-Govrin, located in the southern coastal plain, exposed an archaeological layer subdivided into two sedimentological levels. At the base of the archaeological layer were pits—some shallow and wide, others deep and bell-shaped. Ten pits were excavated; all contained potsherds, stone vessels and flint artifacts. The homogeneous pottery assemblage, manufactured from local material, is characteristic of the Chalcolithic repertoire. The flint artifacts include Canaanean blades, some retouched and with gloss. It appears that the Gat-Govrin site was a seasonal settlement, occupied by small groups toward the end of the Chalcolithic period (last quarter of the fourth millennium …
The Late Bronze Age Ii ‘Fisherman’S Grave’ From Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–7*; English Summary, P. 241), Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa
The Late Bronze Age Ii ‘Fisherman’S Grave’ From Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–7*; English Summary, P. 241), Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa
'Atiqot
Heavy rains exposed a Late Bronze Age IIB pit-grave in the eastern burial ground at Akhziv. Fourteen vessels, arranged in two groups, were interred along its eastern and western sides; no skeletal remains were preserved. The pottery assemblage includes bowls, juglets, jugs and jars, local and imports. Of note was a collection of lead fishing-net weights found inside one of the bowls.
Lead Fishing-Net Weights From The ‘Fisherman’S Grave,’ Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–17*; English Summary, Pp. 242–243), Jacob Sharvit
Lead Fishing-Net Weights From The ‘Fisherman’S Grave,’ Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–17*; English Summary, Pp. 242–243), Jacob Sharvit
'Atiqot
Some 73 lead fishing-net weights were found within a milk bowl in a Late Bronze Age II grave in the eastern Akhziv burial ground. Fishing nets, and the lead weights attached to them, are one of the earliest forms of fishing equipment, and have been used by Mediterranean fishermen for thousands of years. Thus, identifying and dating the weights is particularly difficult. The find of the lead weights in a sealed archaeological context in the Akhziv grave is especially important, because here they can be identified and dated, and a typological database can be constructed. Based on a comparison between …