Digital Commons Network^™

The "Barbarous Massacre" Reconsidered: The Powhatan Uprising Of 1622 And The Historians, J. Frederick Fausz

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

The Powhatan Uprising of March 22, 1621/22, was the single most significant event of Anglo-Indian relations in Virginia. An early example of a native culture’s rebellion against intruding European civilization, the uprising climaxed a mere decade and a half of intercultural contact. Its impact upon trans-Atlantic ideology and policy was impressive: it brought to an end the first (forty year) phase of British imperialis [imperialist] accelerated Virginia's unique course of development, and hastened the doom of an American Indian empire with vast potential.

Educational Reform In Los Angeles And Its Effect Upon The Mexican Community, 1900-1930, Gilbert G. Gonzalez

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

The theme of equal educational opportunity was a major concern of the urban Chicano Movement in the late sixties. Chicanos accused the entire school system of racism and insensitivity towards the Chicano community. Schools, declared the activists, used institutionalized techniques such as intelligence tests and a tracking system to insure that disproportional numbers of Chicano children would be placed in vocational education courses or in classes for the mentally retarded.

A Perceived Ethnic Factor In California's Farm Labor Conflict: The Nisei Farmers League, Stephen S. Fugita

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

The farm labor conflict has been volatile for over three quarters of a century in California's rich agriculture valleys. The most recent years of this struggle have been associated with Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Worker’s Union (UFW). A new element, the Nisei Farmers League (NFL), also emerged during the same time period. The NFL was formed in 1971 after some Japanese American farmers were picketed and their property damaged by persons sympathetic to the UFW. These growers charged that they had been "singled out" by the UFW in their area. Their ranches are located in central San Joaquin …

[Review Of] Barbara Bryant Solomon, Black Empowerment: Social Work In Oppressed Communities, Emma Turner Lucas

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

At long last an issue of great importance to the Black communit [community] in the social work arena has been addressed. The commencement of social service programs in the l960's brought about an even greate [greater] need for a deeper understanding of the effects of social ills on minorities, especially Blacks. While some individuals had good intentions of bringing about this understanding, they lacked the necessary familiarity with the Black community and its conditions. Black Empowerment addresses itself to this concern by describing the operational mobility of the Black community within a larger society.

[Review Of] Jane B. Katz (Ed.), I Am The Fire Of Time: The Voices Of Native American Women, Gretchen Bataille

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

Speaking at the Annual Conference on Ethnic and Minority Studies in April, Bea Medicine admonished the audience that rather than lament the work which has not yet been done by or about Native American women, we must recognize the significance and breadth of what has already been written. I Am the Fire of Time shows just that. The selections come from nineteenth century transcripts as well as from contemporary women poets and activists. Over and over the reader is reminded that the Native American woman was not and is not the drudge or burden bearer portrayed in American fiction and …

[Review Of] Ernesto Galarza, Farm Workers And Agri-Business In California, 1947-1960, Rosa Fernandez

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

The reader who is already familiar with Galarza's work will not find it surprising that once again he has done a painstaking job of writing this account of the history of agricultural workers in California during the years l947 to 1960. Contrary to Galarza's own fears that the academically minded might find his book ”insufficient“ and the list of suggested readings ”too thin,” Farm Workers and Agri-business in California, 1947-1960 provides the reader with a wealth of information based on careful research and on Galarza's own recollections of his experiences as a farm worker and union organizer during that period.

[Review Of] Milton J. Esman (Ed.), Ethnic Conflict In The Western World, Hardy T. Frye

Explorations in Ethnic Studies

Ethnic conflict has reemerged in the economic and political arenas of the western world, less between nation states, more within the boundaries of particular nations. The type of conflict that emerged in the United States during the 1950's and 1960's was racial, in sharp contrast to the ethnonationalist conflict in western Europe and Canada. The latter has a long history and has been shaped by cultural, linguistic, and religious differences. This conflict declined after World War II but is now back on the scene. The explanation of its return is one of the major purposes of this book. A second …

Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Paraprofessionals: An Empirical Comparison, John E. Blount Jr., Kirk W. Elifson, William Chamberlain

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper provides a comparative description of indigenous and nonindigenous paraprofessionals who were employed in a social service capacity in a large urban setting. Personal interviews were conducted with 88 paraprofessionals employed by the Fulton County Department of Family and Children Servives (Atlanta, Ga.). The primary variables discussed include an assessment of the respondent's background, their present employment situation, experience with and attitudes toward welfare and general attitudinal measures. The results provide a basic demographic profile of the indigenous and non-indigenous paraprofessional and indicate their differing characteristics. Briefly, the indigenous respondents were less anomic, felt more efficacious in terms of …

Debunking Sapphire: Toward A Non-Racist And Non-Sexist Social Science, Patricia Bell Scott

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The term "Sapphire" is frequently used to describe an age-old image of Black women. The caricature of the dominating, emasculating Black woman is one which historically has saturated both the popular and scholarly literature. The purpose of this paper is debunk the "Sapphire" caricature as it has been projected in American social science. By exposing the racist and sexist underpinnings of this stereotype, it is hoped that more students and scholars might be sensitized and encouraged to contribute to the development of a nonracist and non-sexist social science.

Towards The Development Of Theory: Cultural Pluralism Redefined, Antonia Pantoja, Wilhelmina Perry, Barbara Blourock

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The authors are attempting to move beyond the descriptive position, evidenced in the current writing, towards a theoretical approach to cultural pluralism. A series of definitions are presented concluding with the authors' definition of cultural pluralism - redefined. The new definition is discussed, as an operational concept, emanating from participants in the new cultural pluralism movement.

The current societal conditions that impede the realization of cultural pluralism are discussed in relation to a conceptual model, Criteria for Assigning Preferred or Unpreferred Status, that is used to explain our society's idealization of certain personal, social, and economic characteristics.

The authors conclude …

Indigenous Correctional Paraprofessionals: "Bourgeois Nigger Or Empathetic Worker?" - A Brief Position Paper, Robert J. Wicks

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Employment of paraprofessionals in correctional settings is no longer considered to be a controversial experiment. Their involvement in institutional and community-based programs is expected today. To utilize only professionals such as social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and penologists is considered to be an outdated waste of available personnel. A number of recent, comprehensive reports have borne this out (Gartner, 1971; Sobey, 1970; Arnhoff & Rubenstein, 1969; Grosser, Henry & Kelly, 1969).

Differential Utilization Of The Health Care Delivery System By Members Of Ethnic Minorities, Patricia A. Brown

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Research and statistical reports of the 1960's strongly attested to the underutilization of the health care delivery system by members of ethnic minorities. For example, a 1968 national report on hospital utilization showed that a larger proportion of white persons was hospitalized than were persons of 'color.'I This was found to be true regardless of sex and age; but "... as family income increased, the rate for white persons and those of other races became closer." This fact not withstanding, each income level saw whites using hospitalization more than persons of 'color.' Reasons for this difference in utilization were offered …

Between Law And Justice: Professor Bittker's Case For Black Reparations, Henry J. Richardson Iii

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Some Socio-Cultural Aspects Of Growing Up Black, Joan S. Wallace, Samuel P. Wong

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from the full-text article:

Black people, like other people, grow up in families. This simple observation is a suprise to people who are accustomed to associate the experiences of Black people with slavery, crime, delinquency, civil disorders. The Black historian, Benjamin Quarles (1967) has observed that white America tends to have a distorted perspective on Black life, and the fact of Blacks growing up in a family is a fresh approach to the understanding of socio-cultural aspects of growing up Black (cf. Billingsley, 1968).

The family is society's primary context for meeting a child's biological needs, directing his development …

Racial Identification Versus Professional Identification: Can They Be Reconciled, Patricia A. Brown

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

For close to a decade, members of the social work profession, who also were members of a minority race, have been confronting the profession with their perception that social work has not addressed adequately the needs of their racial groups. The fact that members of one group (a minority race) confronted another group (the social work profession) in which they also held membership signaled the strong and serious conflict between a person's identification with two major groups. Whether the two group identifications could find a common ground, became a concern for not only the individual belonging to the two groups, …

The Ethnic And Class Dimensions In Neighborhood: A Means For The Reorganization Of Human Service Delivery Systems, Arthur J. Naparstek, Karen Kollias

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from the full-text article:

Human service delivery systems get criticized by both "users" and "providers" of the services, regardless of countless reforms, evaluations, models, decentralization efforts and re-evaluations. In order to determine directions for the future, this article will discuss past policy initiatives, and review the literature which links human service needs to ethnicity and social class in a neighborhood context.

Black Families And National Policy, Andrew Billingsley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from the full-text article:

The family is both a source of society and a product of society. As a source of society the family produces individuals, values and a set of behaviors we call socialization which helps to build institutions which constitute the fabric of the larger society. As a product of society the family is highly influenced, conditioned and to a great extent determined by the forces which emanate from the institutional fabric of the larger society. Thus, what a family is, is to some extent determined by, influenced by, defined by the larger context of the society …

Social Workers, Immigrants, And Historians: A Re-Examination, Leslie Leighninger

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

As a profession frequently caught in a "middleman" role between society at large and specific client groups, social work is often charged with adjusting client behavior to societal demands, rather than working from the other end of the continuum. In terms of their relations with ethnic and minority groups, social workers are sometimes pictured as representatives of a dominant, white Protestant culture, acting, intentionally or unintentionally, as standard bearers for that culture among dissident minority groups. In light of this picture, the addition of courses like "Black Dor Chicano] Culture and American Social Work" to the social work curriculum appears …

Assimilationist Theory And Immigrant Minorities In The United States And Canada: Implications For Social Services Development, John M. Herrick

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper examines from a comparative perspective theories of cultural assimilation in the United States and Canada and speculates on the impact of these theories for developing social services, especially social services for immigrants and ethnic minorities.

Some Implications Of Ethnic Disparity In Education For Social Work, Faustine C. Jones, Samuel P. Wong

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from full-text article:

The increasing attention to the institutional nature of social problems is a significant emphasis in social work. Many of the personal troubles of individual clients are the products of a social system which operates to keep them in trouble, and an awareness of the institutional nature of social problems is a prerequisite for effective solution of personal troubles (cf. C. Wright Mills, 1959).

The Significance Of Ethnicity In Staffing Corrections, Alfred J. Kutzik

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from the full-text article:

Until recently the total thrust of efforts to improve the staffing of corrections has been towards the recruitment and development of trained personnel. In the past decade it has begun to be recognized that factors other than training have to be taken into account. Largely as a result of California's groundbreaking Community Treatment Project the personality of staff is now considered by some to be as important as their training and in a few programs those with certain types of personality and training have been assigned to work, i.e., "matched", with juvenile offenders who have …

The Black Woman: The Pr E-Decisional Stage, Phyllis Jackson

IUSTITIA

This discussion is leveled at all black people at all stages of awareness and committment. Essentially it proposes a view of a method of inquiry before making a decision. It asks that people move from molecular level questions to molar level questions. These molar level questions will form a basis of inquiry during the pre-decisional stage which has the triple function of relating ideas with ideas, ideas with experience, and experience with experience. Molecular questions, on the other hand, do not call for investigation but rather "yes" or "no" answers. The black woman, as a subject of unusual interest, provides …

The Liberated Black Woman: A Question Of Black Power And Nationalism, Gail E. Bingham

IUSTITIA

The role of the Black woman in the liberation of womankind must first be clearly defined to establish the context in which the term "liberation" is used before discussion of the subject can have any significance. If by the term "liberated," it is meant the throwing off of some kind of yoke of oppression and dehumanization invoked by men which often reflects itself in unequal opportunities and pay scales, particularly in the professional world, then it is highly questionable that the Black woman needs this type of liberation as the ultimate object of her energies and concern.

If on the …

Ethnicity, Professionalism, And Black Paternalism: Implications For Social Welfare Services, Robert S. Bartlett

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from the full-text article:

The assumption around the use of nonprofessionals as members of the agency team suggest that the "bridge" function is enhanced when the new worker and the client-system are similar in such factors as ethnicity, class, cultural background, religion, and so on. Data from a 1968 survey tested Grosser's hypothesis: "that staff similarity with the client in ethnicity...will result in greater accuracy regarding the client and his community (1966:60)". Grosser's hypothesis was tested at a black staffed community action agency, serving a black ghetto in a large metropolitan city in the northeastern section of the United …

Higher Education: The Black Professional, Donald H. Godbold, Andrew Goodrich, William Moore, Jr.,

IUSTITIA

The black professional in the community college is a catalog of contradictions. His or her condition can only be described as tragic; and his or her plight is a travesty on the philosophy of the two-year college. The preliminary findings of one study in progress note that nearly half (409 or 47 per cent) of the 865 two-year institutions included in the sample do not have a single black faculty member or administrator. Eighty-nine of the remaining 456 colleges have only one black staff member. Similarly, there are a number of community colleges located in areas heavily populated by blacks …

Resistance To Culture Change: A Case Study Of An Orthodox Jewish Community, Nancy J. Schmidt

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Race Relations And American Law, By Jack Greenberg, Arthur S. Miller

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Races, Nations And Classes, By Herbert Adolphus Miller, Paul L. Sayre

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.