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Interpretation Of The Pattern In Rate Ratios Across Strata, Paul F. Visintainer, Suzanne Havstad

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

The pattern in the ratio of disease rates over strata is a summary statistic used to describe the changing risk of disease in one group relative to another. While patterns of the ratios of disease rates over strata appear to correspond to specific changes in disease rates, plots of the disease rates over strata seem to contradict the information yielded by the ratios. For example, if disease rates from populations A and B have identical rates of decline (parallel lines), the difference in the rates (A - B) at each strata remains constant, while the ratio of the rates (AIB) …

Presentation And Evaluation Of Patients With Epidermoid Head And Neck Cancers, Michael S. Benninger

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Epidermoid cancer of the head and neck occurs most frequently in individuals with predisposing factors for neoplastic development. Primarily these include exposure to smoking and alcohol, although other predisposing factors may he present. Site-speciflc symptoms along with a history of predisposing environmental exposure can direct physicians to suspect head and neck cancer. Endoscopy and ancillary testing are performed for tumor staging and subsequent treatment planning.

The Why And Wherefore Of Fructosamine, Daniel B. Mendlovic, Fred W. Whitehouse, Craig C. Foreback

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Suicide In Micronesia And Samoa: A Critique Of Explanations, Donald H. Rubinstein

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

The Aids Project Newsline, Vol.5, No.1 (February 1992), Jeffrey Levensaler, Amanda Coffin, The Aids Project

AIDS Project Newsline (1991-1996)

No abstract provided.

Medicare Supplemental Insurance: Today's Crisis, Health Care For All, Gerontology Institute, University Of Massachusetts Boston

Gerontology Institute Publications

The purpose of health insurance is to spread risk. The system works under the assumption that, at any given point in time, only a percentage of the people in a given group will be sick. Regardless of health status, all members of the group will be paying premiums in order to cover the cost of care for those who need it.

As a group, however, seniors represent a high-risk population. They are more likely than younger people to need health care services and tend to require longer hospital stays. Yet, while their expenses are greater, their financial resources are generally …

Changing Aids - Risk Behavior, Jeffrey D. Fisher

CHIP Documents

No abstract provided.

Summary Of Workshop To Review An Omb Report On Regulatory Risk Assessment And Management, John S. Evans, John D. Graham, George M. Gray, Adrienne Hollis

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Summary of the results of an invitational workshop conducted to peer review the 1990 OMB report, CURRENT REGULATORY ISSUES IN Risk ASSESSMENT AND Risk MANAGENMENTIN REGULATORY PROGRAM OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, APRIL 1, 1990 - MARCH 31, 1991.

Validation Of Criteria For Use In Health And Safety Program Administration, Cynthia Ann Paulo

Theses Digitization Project

Needs assessment--Cost analysis--Modeling--Pilot studies--Sample programs--Training programs--Communication.

Monóxido De Carbono: Amenaza Para La Salud Pública, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Finding Hiv-Infected Women - The Clinician's Role, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

An estimated 100,000 women are currently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, and a great majority of them are unaware of their condition. Approximately 20,000 HIV-infected women were identified through publicly funded HIV screening programs in 1989 and 1990, and an unknown number through private screening. Because most HIV-infected women are believed to be in the lower socioeconomic strata, it is unlikely that a significant number were identified in the private sector. Therefore, up to 80% of HIV-positive women may not know they are infected.

The Effects Of Environment On Health, Shafika Nasser

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Measuring Airborne Alpha Radioactivity, Greg Taft

Honors Theses, 1963-2015

This project develops alpha spectroscopy to measure the airborne concentrations of attached and unattached radon progeny. The system is designed and constructed to be used in homes, thus is portable, fast, and easy to use.

Serological Cross-Reactions Between Escherichia Coli 0157 And Other Species Of The Genus Escherichia, Eugene W. Rice, Evangeline G. Sowers, Clifford H. Johnson, Michele E. Dunnigan, Nancy A. Strockbine, Stephen C. Edberg

United States Public Health Resources

The antigenic relatedness of Escherichia coli 0157 and four sorbitol-negative species of the genus Escherichia was examined. Isolates of Escherichia hermannii, E. fergusonii, E. vulneris, and E. blattae were tested in the tube agglutination assay by using polyclonal antisera and in the slide agglutination assay by using latex reagents. Only four isolates (17%) of E. hermannii exhibited serological cross-reactivity.

Family Planning And Child Survival Programs As Assessed In 1991, John A. Ross, W. Parker Mauldin, Steven R. Green, E. Romana Cooke

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This volume continues a tradition initiated at the Population Council nearly 25 years ago when the first edition of “Population and Family Planning Programs” was issued. That factbook began a series of 12 editions produced through 1993. The data in that series were consolidated and updated in another publication, and the present volume is now issued, based partly upon a 1989 questionnaire inquiry to over 100 developing countries. A range of maternal and child survival data were added to the family planning information. The relationships among fertility behavior, infant and child mortality, and maternal health are closely interwoven; moreover, many …

By And For Women: Involving Women In The Development Of Reproductive Health Care Materials, Valerie J. Hull, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Nadia Farah, Blanca Figueroa, Margaret Winn

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The studies in this issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité describe three efforts to involve women in the development of reproductive health care materials in different settings in the developing world. In Cairo, a women's health collective produced a comprehensive reference book for women; in Peru, a woman's group, with the extensive involvement of their nonliterate audience, developed a series of illustrated teaching materials; and in the South Pacific, an all-woman production crew produced three motivation and teaching videos developed in response to the expressed needs of Pacific Island women. Despite contrasts in the characteristics of the intended audiences, the development process, and …

Parasitology As An Interpretive Tool In Archaeology, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Parasitological studies of archaeological sites can be used to interpret past behavior and living conditions. During the 1980s problem-oriented research into prehistoric- and historical-period parasitism developed and resulted in thefield of archaeoparasitology. Archaeoparasitology attempts to integrate parasite data into archaeological theory and interpretation. Within the last decade, four major archaeoparasitological laboratories emerged. They developed interpretive frameworks that apply parasitological data to a remarkable variety of prehistoric behaviors. Parasite remains can be used to reconstruct aspects of diet, health, and other behaviors such as transhumance and trade. Finally. analysis of the distribution of parasite remains can be used to interpret aspects …

Risk And Rationality: The Centers For Disease Control And The Regulation Of Hiv-Infected Health Care Workers, Mary Anne Bobinski

Faculty Articles

The publicity surrounding the Bergalis case has created a new and powerful fear for some-the fear of contracting a fatal disease while obtaining medical or dental care. Following Bergalis' congressional testimony, Congress passed a bill requiring states to regulate HIV-infected health care workers (HCWs). Responding to constituents' fears, state legislatures had already been debating a wide range of bills designed to confront the risk of HIV transmission in health care settings. Private actors, such as hospitals and insurers, feared litigation or loss of business if the public perceived them to be ignoring the problem of HIV infection among HCWs. As …

Por Y Para Mujeres: Motivando Su Participación En El Desarrollo De Materiales Para La Atención En Salud Reproductiva, Valerie J. Hull, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Nadia Farah, Blanca Figueroa, Margaret Winn

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Los estudios en este número de Calidad/Quality/Qualité describen tres esfuerzos para involucrar a las mujeres en el desarrollo de materiales de atención de salud reproductiva en diferentes escenarios del mundo en desarrollo. En El Cairo, un colectivo de salud de mujeres elaboró un libro comprehensivo de consulta para mujeres; en Perú, un grupo de mujeres, con una gran participación de su audiencia analfabeta, desarrolló una serie de materiales ilustrados para la enseñanza; y en el Pacífico del Sur, un grupo de producción integrado por mujeres, produjó tres videos motivacionales y para la enseñanza, desarrollados como respuesta a las necesidades expresadas …

Faire Oeuvre De Pionnier: Atteindre Les Femmes Agriculteurs En Zambie Occidentale, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Au cours des dernières décennies, des projets à petite-échelle furent mis en place sur I'ensemble du continent africain pour tenter d'incorporer les femmes aux politiques de développement agricole. Dans ce numéro de SEEDS, on présente un exemple particulièrement éloquent qui vient de la Province Occidentale de la Zambie—le Programme de Vulgarisation à I'intention des Femmes à partir des locaux de la division "Économie ménagère" du Département de I'Agriculture. Le projet en question vise à operer un changement radical de la manière dont fonctionne une bureaucratie agricole en redéfinissant les mandates, en encourageant un changement d'attitude par le biais de programmes …

Breaking New Ground: Reaching Out To Women Farmers In Western Zambia, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Over the last few decades, small-scale projects have been developed throughout Africa to help incorporate women farmers into the mainstream of agricultural extension services. This edition of SEEDS presents an interesting example from Zambia's Western Province—the Women's Extension Program, located within the Home Economics Section of the Department of Agriculture. This program is working to change a government agricultural bureaucracy from within by redefining mandates, encouraging attitude change through staff training, broadening village-level opportunities and perceptions, and widening technical and economic research agendas. The program’s experience emphasizes the importance of using a variety of approaches in order to effectively reach …

Abriendo Nuevos Zurcos: Apoyando A Las Agricultoras En El Oeste De Zambia, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

En años recientes se han llevado a cabo varios proyectos de pequeña escala en todo el continente africano con el fin de incorporar a las agricultoras en los servicios oficiales de apoyo a la agricultura. Esta edición de SEEDS presenta un interesante ejemplo de este tipo de iniciativa realizado en la Provincia Occidental de la República de Zambia—el Programa de Extensión para Mujeres de la División de Economía Doméstica del Departamento de Agricultura. El objetivo del proyecto es hacer un cambio radical en la manera en que funciona una burocracia agrícola al redefinir los mandatos, fomentar un cambio de actitud …

El Cuidado Infantil: Respuestas A Las Necesidades De Madres Que Trabajan Y Sus Hijos, Caroline Arnold, Jorge Mejia, Aster Haregot, Ann Leonard, Cassie Landers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Este número de SEEDS, desarrollada en cooperación con el Grupo Asesor sobre Cuidado y Desarrollo Infantil, y apoyada por UNICEF, busca reunir los elementos críticos del trabajo de la mujer y el cuidado infantil, estudiando el tema desde tres perspectivas: el cuidado infantil como servicio que permite que la mujer pueda trabajar, como fuente de empleo para la mujer, y como respuesta a los requerimientos del desarrollo infantil. Examina tres distintos tipos de cuidado infantil apoyados por UNICEF en tres continentes—Asia (Nepal), Africa (Etiopia), y América Latina (Ecuador). Los tres proyectos fueron desarrollados específicamente para madres que trabajan, y dos …

Norplant® Use-Dynamics Diagnostic Study, 1991, Heru Kasidi, Peter C. Miller

Reproductive Health

After five years of national programmatic use of Norplant® contraceptive implants, in 1992 the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) plans to implement a follow-up Use-Dynamics Study of implant users in West Java and West Sumatra Provinces, Indonesia. A Diagnostic Study was implemented in 1991 to prepare for that study prior to final approval, and to get some early insights into implant program operations in advance of final results from the main study. This report is a summary of findings from the Diagnostic Study. The Diagnostic Study had two broad objectives: to obtain information to guide development of the …

The Silent Endurance: Social Conditions Of Women's Reproductive Health In Rural Egypt [Arabic], Hind Khattab

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Risk And Value Judgments: A Case Study Of The Poison Prevention Packaging Act, William E. Hilton

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Mr. Hilton attempts to show why important choices presented in current proposals to amend child-resistant packaging regulations are fundamentally normative. He then argues that these choices should not be obscured by the technical issues.

Coprolite Analysis: A Biological Perspective On Archaeology, Karl J. Reinhard, Baughn M. Bryant Jr

Karl Reinhard Publications

The most remarkable dietary remains recoverable from archaeological contexts are coprolites. Coprolites are desiccated or mineralized feces that are preserved in sheltered and open sites in arid regions, primarily in the New World. These dietary remains are remarkable from several perspectives. They typically contain a variety of macroscopic and microscopic remains that form interrelated data sets for the reconstruction of diets. Because contexts containing coprolites are typified by excellent preservation, the remains coprolites contain tend to be in better states of preservation than dietary remains recovered from nonfecal deposits. Coprolites also contain the well-preserved remains of intestinal parasites and pathogens …

Vertebral Pathology In Prehistoric And Historic Skeletons From Northeastern Nebraska, Karin L. Sandness, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Vertebral pathology has long been a useful criterion for anthropologists in the assessment of activity patterns, stress, and general health of extinct peoples. This method of analysis, however, has never been applied to the peoples of the Nebraska Great Plains. This study is the first to concentrate on the indigenous Native Americans of this region, examining the spinal pathology present in the prehistoric and historic skeletal remains. Pathology present in the form of spondylolysis, Schmorl's nodes, osteophytosis (degenerative disc disease), and osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), provides evidence to suggest differing activity patterns and levels of stress in Plains groups before …

Dan Canyon Burial: A Piii Burial In Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Steve Dominguez, Karl Reinhard, Kari L. Sandness, Cherie A. Edwards, Dennis Danielson, F. A. Calabrese, Chris Kincaid

Karl Reinhard Publications

The Dan Canyon burial was discovered at a time when the philosophy, ethics, and legislation concerning the study of human remains are in a state of flux. A number of important sensitive issues germane to managers, archeologists, and American Indians are discussed in the introduction. The subsequent analysis provides a detailed scientific account of these remains and a glimpse of a segment of a people's past lifeway while remaining sensitive to the wishes of the American Indians.

The burial and associated grave goods of site 42SA21339 were exposed by wave action in a location frequented by boaters at the Glen …

Assessing Stress In Teachers: Depressive Symptoms Scales And Neutral Self-Reports Of The Work Environment, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

The focal interest of this chapter on teacher stress is methodologic. The chapter enumerates a number of defects in existing measures of job stress in teachers and, concomitantly, other helping professionals. Alternative ways of measuring stress in teachers are suggested and evaluated. The use of depressive symptom scales in concert with more 'objective' measures of the work environment is discussed. An application of the proposed alternative measurement strategy is described. The wider utility of the measurement strategy is briefly described.