Digital Commons Network^™

Hyperphosphorylation Of The Asialoglycoprotein Receptor In Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Following Ethanol Administration, Benita L. Mcvicker, Dean J. Tuma, Carol A. Casey

United States Public Health Resources

Ethanol administration leads to altered function and impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis of the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ethanol on the phosphorylation of the ASGP-R to determine whether this post-translational modification could contribute mechanistically to the observed ethanol-induced alterations. The methodological approach of this work involved the measurement of the phosphorylation state of the receptor obtained from isolated rat hepatocytes, using a combination of experimental designs from the biosynthetic incorporation of phosphate to the determination of steady-state phosphotyrosine levels. We report here that both short-term (1- to 2-week) and chronic …

Genetic Characterization Of H3n2 Influenza Viruses Isolated From Pigs In North America, 1977–1999: Evidence For Wholly Human And Reassortant Virus Genotypes, Alexander I. Karasin, Melissa M. Schutten, Lynn A. Cooper, Catherine B. Smith, Kanta Subbarao, Gary A. Anderson, Suzanne Carman, Christopher W. Olsen

United States Public Health Resources

Since 1998, H3N2 viruses have caused epizootics of respiratory disease in pigs throughout the major swine production regions of the U.S. These outbreaks are remarkable because swine influenza in North America had previously been caused almost exclusively by H1N1 viruses. We sequenced the full-length protein coding regions of all eight RNA segments from four H3N2 viruses that we isolated from pigs in the Midwestern U.S. between March 1998 and March 1999, as well as from H3N2 viruses recovered from a piglet in Canada in January 1997 and from a pig in Colorado in 1977. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the 1977 …

Lessons Learned In Applying The U.S. Epa Proposed Cancer Guidelines To Specific Compounds, Melvin Andersen, M. Elizabeth Meek, Gary Boorman, David Brusick, Samuel Cohen, Yvonne Dragan, Clay Frederick, Jay Goodman, Gordon Hard, Ellen O'Flaherty, Denise Robinson

United States Public Health Resources

An expert panel was convened to evaluate the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s “Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment” through their application to data sets for chloroform (CHCl₃) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA). The panel also commented on perceived strengths and limitations encountered in applying the guidelines to these specific compounds. This latter aspect of the panel’s activities is the focus of this perspective. The panel was very enthusiastic about the evolution of these proposed guidelines, which represent a major step forward from earlier EPA guidance on cancer-risk assessment. These new guidelines provide the latitude to consider diverse scientific data …

Municipalities' Suits Against Gun Manufacturers - Legal Folly, Lawrence S. Greenwald, Cynthia A. Shay

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

A Sense Of Duty: Retiring The "Special Relationship" Rule And Holding Gun Manufacturers Liable For Negligently Distributing Guns, Rachana Bhowmik, Jonathan E. Lowy, Allen Rostron, Rachel Hoover

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Point Blank: Product Liability Law Takes Aim At Guns, Deborah Robinson

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Male Circumcision And Hiv Prevention: Directions For Future Research, Johannes Van Dam, Marie Christine Anastasi

HIV and AIDS

A growing body of scientific publications suggests that male circumcision is associated with reduced risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, male circumcision is being considered as a potential intervention in the prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection, even though this procedure has profound cultural implications and carries the risk of complications, and its benefits are realized only many years later. This report presents the findings of a meeting of international researchers, organized by the Horizons Project to explore the programmatic and research implications of the association between male circumcision and HIV prevention. Most studies on male circumcision and …

The Female Condom: Dynamics Of Use In Urban Zimbabwe, Deanna Kerrigan, Steve Mobley, Naomi Rutenberg, Andrew A. Fisher, Ellen Weiss

HIV and AIDS

In July 1997, Population Services International (PSI), at the request of the Zimbabwe National AIDS Coordination Programme, launched a social marketing program for the female condom in Zimbabwe. To avoid stigma associated with condoms and STI prevention, the female condom was marketed as a family planning product or “contraceptive sheath” under the brand name “Care.” It was initially sold through pharmacies and clinics at a heavily subsidized retail price of US $0.24 for two; distribution has since expanded to other urban outlets, including supermarkets and convenience stores. Approximately one year after the start of the social marketing program, the Horizons …

Peer Education And Hiv/Aids: Past Experience, Future Directions, Deanna Kerrigan, Ellen Weiss

HIV and AIDS

Peer education typically involves training and supporting members of a given group to effect change among members of the same group. Peer education is often used to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors at the individual level. However, peer education may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programs. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This report presents findings from a project designed to identify components and principles that influence HIV/AIDS peer …

Genetic Variation In Pneumocystis Carinii Isolates From Different Geographic Regions: Implications For Transmission, Charles B. Beard, Jane L. Carter, Scott P. Keely, Laurence Huang, Norman J. Pieniazek, Iaci N. S. Moura, Jacquelin M. Roberts, Allen W. Hightower, Michelle S. Bens, Amanda R. Freeman, Sherline Lee, James R. Stringer, Jeffrey S. Duchin, Carlos Del Rio, David Rimland, Robert P. Baughman, Deborah A. Levy, Vance J. Dietz, Paul Simon, Thomas R. Navin

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

To study transmission patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in persons with AIDS, we evaluated P. carinii isolates from patients in five U.S. cities for variation at two independent genetic loci, the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA and dihydropteroate synthase. Fourteen unique multilocus genotypes were observed in 191 isolates that were examined at both loci. Mixed infections, accounting for 17.8% of cases, were associated with primary PCP. Genotype frequency distribution patterns varied by patients' place of diagnosis but not by place of birth. Genetic variation at the two loci suggests three probable characteristics of transmission: that most cases of PCP do …

The Maine Healthy Families Program, Erin E. Oldham Phd, Tammy Richards, Anne B. Keith Rn, Drph, C-Pnp

Children, Youth, & Families

The process study focused on: (1) assessing how the program was implemented and administered, (2) assessing the quality and consistency of the intervention and (3) providing information for program improvement. We conducted community partner interviews, home visit observations, a parent survey and a staff survey. The Outcomes study followed 89 families during their experiences with the program.

Speech By Maryland Governor Parris N. Glendening , Parris N. Glendening

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Demographics Of Firearm Injury: Implications For Medical Practice, Thomas M. Scalea, Sharon M. Henry

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

State Laws Forbidding Municipalities From Suing The Firearm Industry: Will Firearm Immunity Laws Close The Courthouse Door?, Jon S. Vernick, Julie Samia Mair

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

More Guns, Less Crime, By John R. Lott, Jr. , Kevin P. Latulip Jr.

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Clinical Waste Management In The Northern States Of Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah And Sarawak, Abdul Hai Akbar Ali

Student Works (2000-2009)

Clinical waste management and disposal methods are quite unique due to their infectious and harmful nature. Unlike municipal waste, clinical waste is pathogenic which jeopardizes the biotic community including human beings, if not quelled of its pathogenic effect.. However, shortcomings or drawbacks are still possible in areas of source separation. inappropriate containment and labeling. Improper incineration may also lead to incomplete combustion ultimately leading to air pollution. Though existing system of clinical waste disposal and management in Malaysia seem adequate, still efficient and cost effective mechanisms are needed. The focus of this research is to survey and study the administrative …

Web-Based System On Pregnancy - Giving Birth (Sistem Kehamilan - Kelahiran Anak), Hoi Yen Siow

Student Works (2000-2009)

From pregnancy until childbirth, it is always a process of tiring, joy and tribulations. Pregnancy women experience great changes in mentality and physically. They need to learn the related information to minimize their anxiety, to help them discover the danger signs earlier and to be well prepared for their baby's arrival. In Malaysia, pregnancy women tend to get the knowledge on pregnancy from their relatives, friends and books. An online system on pregnancy - giving birth could be developed as a good alternative of their information resources. The information could be delivered via World Wide Web (WWW). With the features …

Intimate Partner Violence And Cervical Neoplasia, Ann L. Coker, Maureen Sanderson, Mary Kay Fadden, Lucia Pirisi

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a range of adverse physical health outcomes, including chronic and infectious diseases. An emerging literature suggests that partner violence and specifically sexual violence may be associated with an increased risk of cervical neoplasia. To assess the risk of preinvasive and invasive cervical cancer in a cross-sectional study of women screened for IPV by type, frequency and duration, 1152 women ages 18–65 were recruited from family practice clinics in 1997–1998. They were screened for IPV during a brief in-clinic interview, and health history and current status were assessed in a follow-up interview. Of 1152 …

Men's Health: How Men Understand The Concept Of Health And How This Understanding Shapes Actions, Craig T. Thompson

Theses : Honours

The purpose of this research was to explore how men understand the concept of health, and how this understanding shapes actions. This dissertation developed as a result of both working at a Community Health Centre, and having an awareness that in Australia, statistics indicate that men's health is steadily deteriorating. A theoretical framework implementing the concepts of health, socialisation (masculinity) and cognition was utilised to guide the research. The research involved interviewing six male participants, who were university students ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. Participants were questioned regarding their perceptions of health and health management. Interview transcripts …

Burkina Faso: Mejorar La Atención Postaborto Beneficia A Pacientes Y Proveedores, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Egypt: Family Planning Providers Should Encourage Clients To Discuss Sexual Problems, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

This 1999 study examined the feasibility and impact of introducing the discussion of sexuality during family planning (FP) consultations. Conducted by the Population Council in collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), the study took place in four MOHP clinics and two affiliated private clinics. Nurses and physicians at all six clinics attended a two-day training session on contraceptives with an emphasis on barrier methods. Providers in the three clinics that had been randomly chosen as intervention sites also received three days of training on sexuality, gender, and counseling skills. To assess the acceptability of sexuality counseling …

Egypte: Les Ong Doivent Unir Leurs Forces Pour Éradiquer L'Excision, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Men As Supportive Partners In Reproductive Health: Moving From Rhetoric To Reality, Saraswati Raju, Ann Leonard

Reproductive Health

This book builds on presentations of the Workshop on Men as Supportive Partners in Reproductive and Sexual Health held in Kathmandu, Nepal, in 1998. By analyzing the experiences of nongovernmental organizations across India, this publication reviews important concerns that should inform the discourse on male partnership. The previous views of reaching men as contraceptive users and removing them as impediments to women’s efforts to control fertility are too limited. The argument is not whether men and women should use family planning, but rather the extent to which men can become supportive of women’s reproductive and sexual rights and actively take …

Sexual And Reproductive Health And Health Sector Reform In Latin America And The Caribbean: Challenges And Opportunities, Ana Langer, Gustavo Nigenda, Sandra G. Garcia, Rosario Valdez, Emanuel Orozco, Jennifer Catino

Reproductive Health

Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are at varying stages of a reform process to improve the response capacity of health systems by upgrading the effectiveness and sustainability of programs and services. Changes promoted by the reform focus on priority health needs and underprivileged society groups. Some problems, such as sexual and reproductive health (SRH), can be tackled with cost-effective technologies. Reform projects offer a unique opportunity to reconsider policies, programs, and services aimed at facing the issues encompassed in the term SRH. Nonetheless, the formulation of a strategy and the identification of concrete measures represent a …

Surveillance For Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks--United States, 1997-1998., Rachel S. Barwick, Deborah A. Levy, Gunther F. Craun, Michael J. Beach, Rebecca L. Calderon

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data relating to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs).

REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data from January 1997 through December 1998 and a previously unreported outbreak in 1996.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The surveillance system includes data regarding outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form.

RESULTS: During 1997-1998, a total …

Speech By Maryland Attorney General J. Joseph Curran, Jr., J. Joseph Curran Jr.

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Violence In The Home - Pediatric And Parental Reports, Bonnie D. Kerker, Sarah Mccue Horwitz, John M. Leventhal, Stacey Plichta, Phillip J. Leaf

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives: To compare the rates of domestic violence reported by mothers with those identified by physicians, to compare the rates of harsh discipline practices reported by mothers with the rates of abuse identified by physicians, and to examine the relationship between reported domestic violence and harsh discipline practices.

Design: Interviews with parents and pediatricians to compare pediatric detection of domestic violence and child abuse with parental reports of domestic violence and harsh discipline practices.

Setting: Community-based pediatric practices in the 13-town greater New Haven, Conn, area.

Participants: Of the 23 practices invited, 19 agreed to participate. Of the 2006 parents …

Assessment Of Knowledge Regarding Three Popular Dietary Supplements: Chromium Picolinate, Creatine, And Androstenedione, Terry L. Williams Jr.

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Balancing Public Health Against Individual Liberty: The Ethics Of Smoking Regulations, Thaddeus Mason Pope

Faculty Scholarship

Ten years ago, philosopher Robert E. Goodin published "No Smoking: The Ethical Issues." Goodin argued that the liberty of smokers can be justifiably limited for two reasons: to prevent harm to third persons and to prevent harm to smokers themselves under circumstances which make their decision to smoke substantially non-autonomous. In this article Thaddeus Pope reexamines the harm principle and the soft paternalism principle in light of more recent legal developments, gives them additional content, and carefully demarcates the justificatory scope of each. Pope also defines and defends a third liberty-limiting principle, hard paternalism, arguing that the liberty of smokers …

Is Malnutrition Declining? An Analysis Of Changes In Levels Of Childhood Malnutrition Since 1980, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Monika Blo¨ Ssner

Faculty Publications

Nutritional status is the best global indicator of well-being in children. Although many surveys of children have been conducted since the 1970s, lack of comparability between them has made it difficult to monitor trends in child malnutrition.

Cross-sectional data from 241 nationally representative surveys were analysed in a standard way to produce comparable results of low height-for-age (stunting). Multilevel modelling was applied to estimate regional and global trends from 1980 to 2005.

The prevalence of stunting has fallen in developing countries from 47% in 1980 to 33% in 2000 (i.e. by 40 million), although progress has been uneven according to …