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Involving Men In Maternity Care: South Africa, Busi Kunene, Mags Beksinska, Simphiwe Zondi, Nobuhle Mthembu, Saiqa Mullick, Emma Ottolenghi, Immo Kleinschmidt, Susan E. Adamchak, Barbara Janowitz, Carmen Cuthbertson

Reproductive Health

The Reproductive Health Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, in partnership with the FRONTIERS Program of the Population Council, and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health conducted a three-year operations research study titled “Men in Maternity” in the Ethekwini district. The intervention was clinic-based and included two broad strategies: improving antenatal care services by strengthening the existing antenatal package and service monitoring and supervision; and introducing couple counseling by providing training to health providers, inviting partners of antenatal women to attend counseling twice during pregnancy and once post delivery, and providing information to couples with a new antenatal booklet. …

Tulane University Final Report, M. Celeste Marin, Anastasia J. Gage, Suhaila Khan

Reproductive Health

The Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program is a 10-year cooperative agreement between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Population Council in partnership with Family Health International and Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. This report summarizes the main activities undertaken by Tulane University under its subagreement with the Population Council on the FRONTIERS project from 1998–2004. As a partner, Tulane furthered progress toward all three of the program’s intermediate results: contributing innovative interventions tested to improve reproductive health through the small grants program; helping research staff take a more proactive approach to …

Etude Expérimentale Sur L'Offre De Services À Base Communautaire De Santé De La Reproduction Au Sénégal: Une Étude De Cas Dans Le District Sanitaire De Kébémer, Diouratie Sanogo, Mady Cisse, Adama Ndoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Ousmane Faye, Balla Mbacke Mboup

Reproductive Health

La Division de la Santé de la Reproduction (DSR) du Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale du Sénégal, en partenariat avec le programme FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health du Population Council et le Management Sciences for Health, a mené une étude visant à déterminer l'acceptabilité et la faisabilité des modèles de services à base communautaire expérimentés du point de vue de leur acceptabilité, de leur faisabilité, de leur efficacité, de leur performance, et de leur coût et rentabilité. L'objectif général de cette étude était de contribuer à l'élaboration d'un programme intégré rentable visant à accroître l'accessibilité et la disponibilité …

Testing The Effectiveness Of Integrating Community-Based Approaches For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Cutting Into Care's Reproductive Health Programs In Ethiopia And Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Susan Igras, Jacinta Muteshi-Strachan

Reproductive Health

CARE International, with technical support from the Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program completed a study in Ethiopia and Kenya designed to test the effectiveness of education activities using behavior change communication (BCC) approaches and advocacy activities by religious and other key leaders to abandon female genital cutting (FGC). In Ethiopia, the increased knowledge of harmful FGC effects and human rights issues translated to a positive attitude in support of FGC abandonment and an intention not to cut their daughters in the future. In Kenya, the analysis indicated mixed results in attitude and intended behavior change.

Experience From A Community-Based Education Program In Burkina Faso: The Tostan Program, Djingri Ouoba, Zakari Congo, Nafissatou J. Diop, Molly Melching, Baya Banza, Georges Guiella, Inge Baumgarten

Reproductive Health

This study describes a project that tested the feasibility and effectiveness of replicating the village empowerment program (VEP) developed by the Senegalese NGO, TOSTAN, in Burkina Faso. Although originally developed for empowering women, the program implemented in Burkina Faso also involved men because of their key role in such decisions. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, with funding from USAID and the GTZ Supra Regional Project for the Elimination of FGC, supported the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of the VEP model in 23 villages in the province of Bazega/Zoundwéogo. In the existing social climate among the Burkinabé, where there is widespread awareness …

The Tostan Program: Evaluation Of A Community Based Education Program In Senegal, Nafissatou J. Diop, Modou Mbacke Faye, Amadou Moreau, Jacqueline Cabral, Helene Benga, Fatou Cisse, Babacar Mane, Inge Baumgarten, Molly Melching

Reproductive Health

This operations research project evaluated the effect and impact of a basic education program, developed by TOSTAN, a nongovernmental organization based at Thiès, Senegal. The basic education program consisted of four modules: hygiene, problem-solving, women’s health, and human rights. Through these four themes, emphasis was placed on enabling the participants, who were mostly women, to analyze their own situation more effectively and thus find the best solutions for themselves. The GTZ Supra Regional Project for the Elimination of Female Genital Cutting funded implementation of the program in 90 villages in Kolda Region, and the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health …

Medicalization Of Female Genital Cutting Among The Abagusii In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

This study sought to understand the role that health providers play in the medicalization of female genital cutting (FGC) among the Abagusii community in western Kenya, among whom the practice continues to be almost universal. Interviews with service providers and their clients revealed an overwhelming belief that FGC fulfills a traditional cultural obligation among the Abagusii, and that it limits a woman’s sexual desire and confers respect on girls. New approaches are needed within this community to present FGC as violating human rights and national laws, as well as threatening girls’ and women’s health. The study recommends measures such as …

Encuestas De Voluntad De Pago Para Fijar Precios De Productos Y Servicios De Salud Reproductiva: Manual De Usuarios, Karen G. Fleischman Foreit, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

Social programs need to balance volume (coverage) and income (sustainability). The law of supply and demand states that we can not obtain coverage and support at the same time, because when prices rise, demand decreases. This manual presents willingness-to-pay (WTP) surveys that allow program managers to simulate changes in demand related to price, without actually changing prices. The Population Council, with The Futures Group International, developed these surveys that can be used for existing and new products and services, collect responses from clients with no formal education with sensitivity to their individual characteristics, and provide conservative estimates that accurately predict …

Female Circumcision In Indonesia. Extent, Implications And Possible Interventions To Uphold Women's Health Rights, Meiwita P. Budiharsana, Lila Amaliah, Budi Utomo

Reproductive Health

In Indonesia, the practice of female circumcision (FC) has long existed, but information concerning where and how it is carried out has been limited. The specific aims of the study conducted by the Population Council Jakarta were to provide research-based information on FC customary practices and their socio-cultural determinants, and if possible, to assess any long-term physical and psychological consequences. Study findings indicate that in general Muslim communities support the continuation of FC practice, because they perceive it as both a societal custom and a religious duty. The report strongly recommends that key donor agencies pressure the Ministry of Health …

Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project, Western Province: Final Report, Charlotte E. Warren, Wilson Liambila

Reproductive Health

Since March 2000, the Population Council and the University of Nairobi have been assisting the Kenya Ministry of Health to implement Safe Motherhood activities in Western Kenya. The purpose of this project was to increase utilization of quality maternal services in the selected districts and, in an effort to improve pregnancy outcomes, focused on improving quality of antenatal care, essential obstetric care, clean and safe delivery, postpartum care, postabortion care, and management issues at all levels. In addition, the project focused on strengthening referral practices and addressing factors responsible for delays by pregnant women in making decisions on when, where, …

Surveillance For Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks Associated With Recreational Water--United States, 2001-2002, Jonathan S. Yoder, Brian G. Blackburn, Gunther F. Craun, Vincent Hill, Deborah A. Levy, Nora Chen, Sherline H. Lee, Rebecca L. Calderon, Michael J. Beach

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data related to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) related to drinking water; tabulation of recreational water-associated outbreaks was added to the surveillance system in 1978. This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne disease outbreaks on persons in the United States.

REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data on WBDOs associated with recreational water that occurred during January 2001-December 2002 and on …

Body Image And Attitudes Toward Obesity In College Students, Sarah Rebecca Goodwin

Theses and Dissertations

The current study was conducted in order to examine the impact of ethnicity on gender differences in body type preferences and perceptions and add to the literature examining racial differences in body type preferences and perceptions. The current study was an expansion of one by Gipson et al conducted at a historically Black university in 2004, in which responses and BMI measurements of 191 college students were examined for associations between BMI and gender, and body image and attitudes toward obesity. For the current study the sample of 176 college students enrolled at Virginia Commonwealth University, an ethnically diverse institution, …

Determinants Of Prenatal Care And Supplement Use: The Case Of Honduras, Catherine E. Henze

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Literature suggests that prenatal care and prenatal supplement use improves pregnancy outcomes. However, we do not know the factors associated with prenatal care and supplement use in Honduras.Objective: To identify characteristics of Honduran women who are the least and most likely to use prenatal care and supplements.Methods: Data from a 2001 Honduras cross-sectional survey of women was used to assess their use of prenatal care and supplements. All data was weighted, resulting in a sample size of n = 5647 women who had a live birth since January 1996. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine factors associated …

Rabies In Virginia, 1989-2003: With Particular Attention To Animals, Geographic Distribution, And Virus Variant, William Andrew Holzgrefe

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: The description of the raccoon rabies epizootic in Virginia over fifteen years (1989-2003). Methods: Using simple statistical methods and a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach, and fifteen years worth of animal surveillance data, the progress of this epizootic has been charted in terms of the geographic spread of the disease, the major animal species affected by the disease and its spread, and the exposure and risk to humans and livestock animals presented by the expansion of the geographic range. Results: The resulting descriptive study illustrates the eastward expansion of the epizootic, the mushrooming of the disease in the northern …

Étude Des Facteurs Environnementaux Et Physiologiques Contribuant À La Variabilité Biologique : Caractérisation De La Relation « Exposition - Indicateur Biologique D'Exposition » Pour Le N-Hexane, Geneviève Hamelin, Robert Tardif, Ginette Truchon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Jusqu'à tout récemment, l'American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommandait d'utiliser la mesure de la 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) totale (2,5-HD libre + autres conjugués glucuronides) comme indicateur biologique de l'exposition (IBE) au n-hexane (n-HEX). En 2001, l’ACGIH a cependant proposé de recourir plutôt à la mesure de la 2,5-HD libre uniquement et la valeur du nouvel indicateur serait de 3.5 µmol/L. Le choix de cette mesure se justifie puisque la 2,5-HD libre est le métabolite responsable des effets neurotoxiques associés à l'exposition au n-HEX. De plus, la mesure de la 2,5-HD libre permet une meilleure discrimination entre individus exposés et …

Étude Pluridisciplinaire Visant À Mettre Au Point Un Outil Expert Pour La Prédiction Du Comportement Des Remblais En Pâte, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Mamadou Fall, Serge Ouellet

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce rapport synthèse traite du développement d’un outil expert d’aide à la prédiction et à l’optimisation des propriétés des remblais miniers cimentés en pâte. Il représente une synthèse des principaux résultats d’un projet financé par l’IRSST et qui s’intitule : « Étude pluridisciplinaire visant à mettre au point un outil expert pour la prédiction du comportement des remblais miniers en pâte ». En effet, vu la complexité du matériau « remblai en pâte » et les problèmes de sécurité potentiellement inhérents à ce dernier dans les chantiers miniers, il n’existe aujourd’hui aucune méthode réellement satisfaisante pour guider la conception des …

Évaluation De La Contrainte Au Dos En Milieu De Travail : Développement Préliminaire D'Une Méthode Visant À Déterminer La Cinématique Tridimentionnelle Du Corps Humain À L'Aide D'Un Minimum De Caméras Vidéo, Alain Delisle, André Plamondon, Pierre Desjardins, Salazar Erik, Denis Gagnon, Christian Larivière

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le besoin de mesurer quantitativement le chargement mécanique qui contribuerait aux affections vertébrales en milieu de travail est un prérequis essentiel à l’évaluation des risques de lésions. Parmi les outils disponibles utiles à mesurer ces charges, on retrouve la vidéo qui permet de reconstruire des marqueurs sur des sujets à partir de plusieurs caméras, ce qui est rarement possible en milieu de travail. Pour rendre cette technique plus attrayante, il faut faciliter le mode d’acquisition tridimensionnelle (3D) en réduisant le nombre de caméras à une seule. L'objectif principal du présent projet était donc d’explorer la faisabilité de n’utiliser qu’une seule …

The Effect Of Stack Height, Stack Location And Rooftop Structures On Air Intake Contamination: A Laboratory And Full-Scale Study, Ted Stathopoulos, Louis Lazure, Patrick Saathoff, Amit Gupta

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

La dispersion des émissions d'une cheminée située sur le toit d'un bâtiment de faible élévation en milieu urbain a été étudiée sur le terrain et en soufflerie. Les principaux buts de l'étude étaient lessuivants :

1. évaluer l'influence de divers paramètres sur la concentration du panache aux emplacements types de prises d'air neuf ; parmi ces paramètres figurent la hauteur de la cheminée, le facteur d'impulsion, la turbulence, etc. ;
2. évaluer les modèles de dilution récemment adoptés par l'American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE),
3. évaluer le degré de précision …

Influence De La Hauteur Et De L’Emplacement Des Cheminées Et Des Édicules Sur La Contamination Des Prises D’Air Neuf : Étude En Laboratoire Et In Situ, Ted Stathopoulos, Louis Lazure, Patrick Saathoff, Amit Gupta

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Click here for the English version of this report

La dispersion des émissions d'une cheminée située sur le toit d'un bâtiment de faible élévation en milieu urbain a été étudiée sur le terrain et en soufflerie. Les principaux buts de l'étude étaient lessuivants :

1. évaluer l'influence de divers paramètres sur la concentration du panache aux emplacements types de prises d'air neuf ; parmi ces paramètres figurent la hauteur de la cheminée, le facteur d'impulsion, la turbulence, etc. ;
2. évaluer les modèles de dilution récemment adoptés par l'American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE),
3. évaluer le degré de précision …

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Coûts D'Un Programme De Protection Respiratoire, Guy Perrault, Marc Baril, Pierre Lefebvre

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Fonderies, Nicole Goyer, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Claudia Lucia Lobo Gutierrez, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde, Nicole Goyer, Guy Perrault, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Gaétan Carrier, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel

Rapports de recherche scientifique

INTRODUCTION

Le comité paritaire 3.33.1 de la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail du Québec (CSST), chargé de la révision de l’Annexe 1 du Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail a demandé à l’IRSST d’évaluer les impacts sanitaires et socio-économiques d’un abaissement de la valeur d’exposition admissible du formaldéhyde. Globalement, la recherche visait à évaluer les impacts d’un abaissement de la valeur d’exposition admissible (VEA) actuelle, de type plafond située à 2 ppm, vers une VEA plafond ou moyenne pondérée sur 8 heures (VEMP) de 1,0, 0,75 ou 0,3 ppm. La poursuite de …

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie De Finition Textile, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie De La Fabrication De Meubles En Bois, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Jérôme Lavoué, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie De La Transformation De Matières Plastiques, Nicole Goyer, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Rodrigue Gravel, François Hébert, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie Des Services Funéraires, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Eddy Pellerin, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Laboratoires De Pathologie, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Did A Rising Tide Lift All Boats? The Nih Budget And Pediatric Research Portfolio, Daniel P. Gitterman, Robert S. Greenwood, Keith C. Kocis, Rick Mayes, Aaron N. Mckethan

Political Science Faculty Publications

This paper examines National Institutes of Health (NIH) pediatric research spending in absolute terms and relative to the doubling of the NIH overall budget between fiscal years 1998 and 2003. Pediatric spending increased by an average annual rate of 12.8 percent during the doubling period (almost on par with the NIH average annual growth rate of 14.7 percent). However, the proportion of the total NIH budget devoted to the pediatric portfolio declined from 12.3 to 11.3 percent. We offer recommendations for implementing existing commitments to strengthen the pediatric research portfolio and to protect the gains of the doubling period.

Making Motherhood Safer In Egypt, Karima Khalil, Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi

Reproductive Health

Fewer Egyptian women die of maternal causes today than they did 10 or 15 years ago, due in large part to the national safe motherhood program. Nevertheless, maternal mortality is still relatively high, and the country faces challenges in reducing it further. Many of these challenges involve addressing the delays women face when they need essential obstetric care. In Egypt and other countries, most maternal deaths could be avoided if women had timely access to high-quality emergency obstetric services. Although Egypt’s level of maternal mortality is relatively high by international standards, recent evidence suggests that a woman’s lifetime risk of …

Attitudes Of Preventive Care Specialists And Registered Dietitians Toward Their Obese Patients, Maryanna Gabriel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare preventive care specialists and registered dietitians regarding attitudes toward obese patients, to compare both groups with Canadian and American nurses previously studied, and to determine whether relationships exist between personal characteristics and attitudes toward obese patients. Questionnaires were sent to members of the American Preventive Care Association and 1,000 randomly selected members of the California Dietetic Association. Sixty-seven preventive care specialists and 579 registered dietitians participated in the study. A modified version of the Attitudes Toward Obesity scale, developed by Bagley, et al. was used to measure attitudes. Preventive care specialists and …