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Voz De Los Internos: Atención De Salud En El Recinto Penal En Arica, Chile, Lily Hoffman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

According to both international and Chilean laws, incarceration does not affect one’s right to healthcare. Despite this protection, the health of prisoners’ remains a controversial topic in many communities, which may contribute to the inconsistencies in the levels of access to, and quality of, healthcare services in jails/prisons. A voice that is commonly overlooked, despite its value, is that of the patients of healthcare systems in jails/prisons around the world. This project was conducted in the maximum security prison complex in Arica, Chile and includes interviews with twenty-two incarcerated individuals based on their experiences with healthcare services in prison. Sixty-eight …

Conocimientos, Percepciones, Y Prácticas De Mujeres Jóvenes Acerca Del Papiloma Virus Humano, Michelle Marie Picón Ruiz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Background: Efforts by the Chilean Ministry of Health to reduce the mortality rates due to cervical cancer by 40% during 2000 - 2010 have successfully impacted every age group except for young women between the ages of 20-24. Cervical cancer is caused by Human Papiloma Virus (HPV), the most common Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). Both are detected by the Papanicolaou test, or Pap smear. Cervical cancer found in older women most likely developed from an HPV infection contracted in their youth. This study aims to understand the knowledge, practices, and perceptions that young women in Arica, Chile have about their …

El Rol De La Partera En La Provincia De Parinacota, Liana Langdon-Embry

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

For centuries, the Aymaran people of the Parinacota Province in Northern Chile have been deeply committed to ancestral practices, where a Cosmo vision rears a connection between human beings, the natural environment, and the spiritual world. The Aymaran medicinal practices replicate this relationship, with the indigenous medicine man and midwives historically holding a central role in the natural healing of community members. This study describes the present-day role of Señora Fausta Pairo Mollo, the midwife in the altiplano region of Parinacota. In particular, it examines how her practices has been integrated into the official medical system, while also investigating how …

“I Didn’T Feel Like Living”: The Prevalence, Perceptions, And Prevention Of Hiv/Aids Among Tibetan Refugees In Kathmandu, Caitlin Macleod-Bluver

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The fight against HIV/AIDS is a global one, a concern that is addressed by both the Nepali government and the Tibetan government in exile. Both governments have taken measures to prevent the further spread of the epidemic among their populations, increase knowledge and awareness about the disease, and provide better treatment and care to those living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a gap between these efforts, particularly within the Tibetan refugee community. As a result of Tibetan’s refugee status in Nepal, fewer resources have been allocated for dealing with and understanding the risk factors for Tibetans in exile in Nepal. …

Extending Hiv Prevention: People Living With Hiv/Aids (Plwha) Strategize To Reduce Stigma And Promote Hiv Testing, Tiffiany M. Cummings Aholou, Su-I Hou, Tanisha S. Grimes

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Strategies to reduce acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related stigma are paramount to promoting effective HIV prevention. As in the case of HIV antibody testing, despite the benefits of early detection, links to care, and risk behavior modification, nearly 250,000 people are unaware of their HIV status. AIDS‐related stigma has impeded such efforts due to discrimination, ignorance and other forms of stigma. These issues related to stigma and HIV testing are magnified when placed in the context of the rural Deep South region of the United States, where the incidence of HIV/AIDS are growing at alarming rates. The purpose of this paper …

Hiv Rates In The State Of Georgia: A Growing Threat Among Predominantly African American Populations, Swati Raychowdhury, Stuart H. Tedders

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: US rates of HIV/AIDS continue to rise with over 55% of new cases identified in southern states in 2003. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of HIV/AIDS cases in rural southeast Georgia in comparison to urban areas of the state.

Methods: County level data was acquired using OASIS. Rates of HIV infections by gender and race (black vs. white) were aggregated over a five year period (2000–2005) and indirectly adjusted using Georgia as the standard. Rates for rural counties, (populations less than 35,000), were statistically compared to urban rates (α = 0.05).

Results: HIV infections …

Extra, Extra, Read All About It!, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Identifying Publication Outlets In Occupational Health Psychology: An Opinion Survey, Maria Karanika-Murray, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Leigh Schmitt

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Causal Inference For Nested Case-Control Studies Using Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Sherri Rose, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

A nested case-control study is conducted within a well-defined cohort arising out of a population of interest. This design is often used in epidemiology to reduce the costs associated with collecting data on the full cohort; however, the case control sample within the cohort is a biased sample. Methods for analyzing case-control studies have largely focused on logistic regression models that provide conditional and not marginal causal estimates of the odds ratio. We previously developed a Case-Control Weighted Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) procedure for case-control study designs, which relies on the prevalence probability q0. We propose the use of …

Health Communication Sources And Cancer Survivors’ Information Seeking, Ni Zhang, Yong-Chan Kim

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Suicide Attempts Among Latinas Who Experienced Early Sex Were Largely Mediated By Substance Abuse, Patria Rojas, Sunny Kim, Mario De La Rosa, Wayway M. Hlaing, Theophille Niyonsenga

Florida Public Health Review

The purpose of this study was to describe the role of substance abuse as a mediating factor between early sexual experiences and suicide attempts among adult Latinas. In our study participants (n=158), nearly 15% had attempted suicide and 39% experienced their first sexual encounter at an age of 15 or younger (referred to hereafter as “early sex”). Latinas who experienced early sex were more likely to attempt suicide [OR=2.4, p<0.05], and this relationship was largely mediated by substance abuse. An early sexual debut may indicate an environmental adversity on the child that calls for long term intervention for prevention of substance abuse as well as promotion of psychological well-being later in life.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 85, No. 4, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles:

• Wilson, Laurel. Some Students Off Swine Flu – Influenza
• Hood, Sarah. Va-Va-Voom – Megan Coker, Vette City Roller Derby
• Harris, Shakia. Group to Talk Domestic Partner Benefits – Health Insurance, University Senate
• Walker, Morgan. A Thousand Words – Chris Goodrow, Homeless Persons, Vietnam Veterans
• Freeman, Phil. Smoking Survey Expected – Cigarettes, Tobacco
• Jenkins, Spencer. Veteran’s Group Forms – Student Veterans of America
• Erskine, Anne. Editorial Cartoon re: Swine Flu – Big Red
• Pandemic or Pandemonium – Swine Flu, Influenza
• Bryan, Kendrick. Student Government Association Wants You to Get …

Bridging The Care Continuum: Patient Information Needs For Specialist Referrals., Carol L. Ireson, Svetla Slavova, Carol L. Steltenkamp, F. Douglas Scutchfield

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Information transfer is critical in the primary care to specialist referral process and has been examined extensively in the US and other countries, yet there has been little attention to the patient's perspective of the information transfer process. This cross-sectional study examined the quality of the information received by patients with a chronic condition from the referring and specialist physician in the specialist referral process and the relationship of the quality of information received to trust in the physicians.

METHODS: Structured telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of 250 patients who had experienced a referral to a …

Exploring The Effect Of Sexual Education On Sexual Health Risk Behaviors: Analysis Of The 2003 And 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys In Florida And Alabama, Shenena Armstrong, Alicestine Ashford, Ivette A. López, C. Perry Brown

Florida Public Health Review

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sexual health education content and sexual health risk behaviors, and the mediating effect of demographic variables. A cross-sectional research design employing secondary data analysis explored these associations in a sample of African American and non-Hispanic White male and female adolescents that took part in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) for the years 2003 and 2007 in the aforementioned southern states. Significant associations were observed between race and reported condom use and alcohol and/or drug use during last intercourse. For both Alabama and Florida, sexual health education was associated …

Estimating Effects By Combining Instrumental Variables With Case-Control Designs: The Role Of Principal Stratification, Russell T. Shinohara, Constantine E. Frangakis, Elizabeth Platz, Konstantinos Tsilidis

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

The instrumental variable framework is commonly used in the estimation of causal effects from cohort samples. In the case of more efficient designs such as the case-control study, however, the combination of the instrumental variable and complex sampling designs requires new methodological consideration. As the prevalence of Mendelian randomization studies is increasing and the cost of genotyping and expression data can be high, the analysis of data gathered from more cost-effective sampling designs is of prime interest. We show that the standard instrumental variable analysis is not applicable to the case-control design and can lead to erroneous estimation and inference. …

Family Education For Psychosis, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Using Primary Care To Bend The Curve: Estimating The Impact Of A Health Center Expansion On Health Care Costs, Leighton C. Ku, Patrick Richard, Avi Dor, Ellen Tan, Peter Shin, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

This research brief, the third in a series examining the link between national health reform proposals and community health centers, estimates the cost savings that would be realized by making important investments in non-profit health centers as an element of national health reform. Key findings include:

Increasing health center capacity by another 20 million patients by 2019 (to 39 million patients) under health reform can be expected to generate an additional $35.6 billion savings in 2019 and $212 billion in additional savings over the 2010-2019 ten-year time period.

Were the Medicaid prospective payment rate system to be applied to exchange …

Characteristics Of A Healthy Environment, Saima Khalid

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

Workers Electrocuted While Working In Elevated Buckets, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Motor Vehicle

To prevent worker electrocutions while working near over-head power lines:

• Employers should implement and enforce a formal written electrical safety training program that includes work around overhead lines.
• An observer should be designated by the employer to perform an electrical hazard
• evaluation prior to commencing new work activities.
• A hazard assessment of the job site and route of travel, including aerial and ground hazards and obstacles, within the job site should be performed by a competent person before work commences.

Chinese Coal Mines--The Industrial Death Trap, Amber Mehmood

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Counting On Care Work: Human Infrastructure In Massachusetts, Randy Albelda, Mignon Duffy, Nancy Folbre

Center for Social Policy Publications

In Massachusetts, as in every other place in the world, all children need to be cared for and educated, everybody has physical and mental health needs that require attention, and some individuals need assistance with the daily tasks of life because of illness, age, or disability. The labor of meeting these needs – which we call care work – is a complex activity that has profound implications for personal, social and economic well-being. Care work is not just a cornerstone of our economy – it is a rock-bottom foundation. Care work provides the basis for our human infrastructure, and we …

Impact Of Ambient Air Pollution On Survival Of Renal Transplant Recipients, Rhonda Kristine Hwang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

There is increasing evidence that ambient air pollution is associated with coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. This research has focused on the general public and less so on possible sensitive subgroups even though these may have even greater susceptibility to adverse effects of ambient air pollution. With highly prevalent traditional as well as nontraditional risk factors, renal transplant recipients may potentially be a sensitive subgroup. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of between long-term exposure to air pollution on the risk of CHD mortality among renal transplant recipients. This cohort study includes 32,239 adult, …

Patient/Physician Communication In Type 2 Diabetes-Related Health Behavior Change, Barbara Marie Thomas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Adult type 2 diabetes is an increasing problem in the United States and affected over 16 million Americans in 2004. Most patients are treated in primary care settings and managed medically, but controlling insulin resistance through activity and diet is considered the greatest challenge for the next 30 years (Katen, et al., 2007). Understanding how physicians and patients communicate about health behaviors is necessary for developing the most effective strategies for facilitating health behavior change in this population. In the current study, adults with type 2 diabetes (n= 87) from the Loma Linda University Diabetes Treatment Center (LLUDTC), …

Study Of The Four Factor Theory Of Women’S Sexual Function, Julie M. Merrell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tiefer, Hall, and Tavris (2002) described factors comprising four categories of female sexual function. They suggested that unique factors need to be examined to understand sexual function in women. Socio-cultural, political, or economic factors, partner and relationship factors, psychological factors, and medical factors were described as aspects of women’s lives that can be the source of sexual dysfunction. In a previous study, Merrell (2007) utilized Tiefer et al’s (2002) four factor model of sexual functioning to examine female sexual functioning looking specifically at body shame, relationship satisfaction, positive and negative affect, sexual self-schema, and overall health. Based on the results …

Synthesis, Characterisation And Anti-Candida Activity Of Inorganic And Organic Derivatives Of 1,10-Phenanthroline, Ruth Cogan

Masters

This thesis reports results in three areas: (i) the synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of simple metal salts incorporating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 1,10 phenanthroline- 5,6-dione (phendione) ligands, (ii) the synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of three different organic derivatives of phendione, and (iii) the synthesis or attempted synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of phendione-amino acid conjugates.

Quality Of Life Estimation With Structural Equation Modeling In School Aged Children With Asthma, Sheniz Moonie, Xuan Huang, David A. Sterling

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Significant increases in childhood asthma prevalence and mortality has prompted federal and regulatory agencies to work towards a national framework to address childhood asthma. Quality of life is an important component of chronic disease, and the evaluation of healthcare outcomes. There is little discussion in the literature regarding the implications of QoL as a theoretical construct. This study determined the effect of asthma on the QoL of our study population and caregiver’s missed workdays on the child’s QoL scores. A negative relationship was found between the child’s QoL and the caregiver’s missed workdays due to their child’s asthma. The use …

Development And Formative Implementation Of A Nutrition Assessment And Peer Education Program Based On Dietary Analysis At A California State University, Janay Jelso

Master's Theses

A healthy diet has been established as a key component contributing to an individual’s quality of life. Statistics show that the diet of Americans needs improvement (Guenther et al., 2007) indicating possible lack knowledge of what healthy eating behaviors are. There is an abundance of nutrition misinformation available to the consumer (American Dietetic Association, 2002a). Dietary interventions that provide credible education based on readiness to change behaviors and goal setting have been successful in increasing awareness of what healthy eating behaviors are and changing existing behaviors over time (Ammerman et al., 2002; Evans & Sawyer-Morse, 2002; Gambera et al., 1995; …

Senate Bill 42: Implementation And Impact On Physical Activity In Middle Schools, Cristina S. Barroso, Steven H. Kelder, Andrew E. Springer, Carolyn L. Smith, Nalini Ranjit, Christopher Ledingham, Deanna M. Hoelscher

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications

Purpose

In 2005, the Texas State Legislature passed Senate Bill 42 (SB42), which required public middle school students (grades 6–8) to participate in 30 minutes of daily structured physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness of and adherence to SB42 in Texas middle schools, and to assess the impact of SB42 on the frequency and quality of structured physical activity.

Methods

Key informant (school principals, physical education [PE] instructors, nurses, or designated personnel) telephone interviews on the implementation of SB42 were conducted from a statewide representative sample of public middle schools (n = 112). Direct observation, …

Coverage And Payment For Prescription Drugs Under Medicare Part B: A Complex Patchwork, Amanda Cassidy

National Health Policy Forum

As part of the diverse discussions around health care reform, many have looked to refining Medicare payment systems as a way to give health care practitioners and providers greater incentives to deliver care more efficiently, and thus slow health care spending growth. Understanding how Medicare currently pays for Part B services, including drugs covered under Part B, is essential to understanding the potential impact of these types of reforms. Most items and services covered under Part B, including most Part B drugs, are paid individually, which means practitioners and providers generally receive more payments for providing more services. Some reform …

Stimulus Bill Implementation: Expanding Meaningful Use Of Health It, Rob Cunningham

National Health Policy Forum

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act authorizes an estimated $38 billion in incentives and supports for health information technology (IT) from 2009 to 2019. After years of sluggish health IT adoption, this crisis-driven investment of public funds creates a unique opportunity for rapid diffusion of a technology that is widely expected to improve care, save money, and facilitate transformation of the troubled U.S. health system. Achieving maximal effect from the stimulus funds is nevertheless a difficult challenge. The Recovery Act strengthens the federal government’s leadership role in promoting health IT. But successful adoption and utilization across the health system will …