Digital Commons Network^™

Effets Des Pics De Concentration Sur La Neurotoxicité Du Styrène Dans L'Industrie Du Plastique Renforcé De Fibre De Verre. Phase Ii, Adolf Vyskocil, Naïma El Majidi, Ross Thuot, Charles Beaudry, Ginette Charest-Tardif, Robert Tardif, France Gagnon, Bernadette Ska, Alice Turcot, Daniel Drolet, Elmira Aliyeva, Claude Viau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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D’abord, une analogie

Pour bien expliquer l’objet de ce projet de recherche, nous allons d’abord recourir à une analogie. Supposons deux personnes de même poids qui sont invitées chez des amis. À midi, leur hôte débouche une bouteille de vin et leur offre à boire. La première personne commence à consommer très lentement de sorte qu’à huit heures du soir, elle a bu la moitié de la bouteille. La seconde personne commence à boire à sept heures trente du soir et avale donc aussi une demi-bouteille, mais d’un seul trait. Leur …

Évaluation De La Toxicité Du Béryllium En Fonction De La Forme Chimique Et De La Taille Des Particules, Caroline Muller, Bruce Mazer, Fariba Salehi, Séverine Audusseau, Ginette Truchon, Jean Lambert, Gilles L Espérance, Gaston Chevalier, Suzanne Philippe, Yves Cloutier, Pierre Larivière, Joseph Zayed

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Au cours des dernières années, plusieurs auteurs ont remis en cause le niveau de protection accordé aux travailleurs par la valeur seuil reconnue pour le béryllium (Be) et ses sels (VEMP Québec, TLV (TWA) ACGIH). La prévalence des effets associés au Be suggère que les risques sont en fonction de sa spéciation. Par ailleurs, il semble que les particules fines constituent la fraction d’intérêt pour l’occurrence de tels effets. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer la toxicité du Be en fonction de la forme chimique et de la taille particulaire.

Pour …

Dépistage Précoce De L'Incapacité Chronique Liée Aux Lombalgies : Élaboration Et Validation D'Un Questionnaire, Manon Truchon, Michel Rossignol, Michel Tousignant, Marie-José Durand, Marie-Ève Schmouth, Denis Côté

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La douleur au bas du dos d’origine non spécifique, aussi appelée lombalgie commune, affecte de 60 à 90 % des travailleurs à un moment ou à un autre de leur vie et disparaît généralement dans une période allant de quelques jours à quelques semaines. Toutefois, pour un petit nombre de travailleurs affectés, le mal de dos perdure et entraîne une incapacité à retourner au travail pour une période prolongée. Cette situation génère des coûts sociaux et humains importants. Au cours des dernières décennies, plusieurs études de cohorte ont été menées dans le but de mieux comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans …

Facteurs Prévisionnels Du Développement De L’État De Stress Post-Traumatique À La Suite D’Un Événement Traumatique Chez Les Policiers : Volet Rétrospectif, André Marchand, Richard Boyer, Mélissa Martin, Céline Nadeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Problématique de santé et sécurité du travail et objectifs spécifiques du projet : Ce projet de recherche vise à mieux comprendre le développement de l’état de stress post-traumatique (ÉSPT), à la suite d’un accident de travail, par l’étude des facteurs de risque et de protection qui y sont associés. Il provient d’une demande du milieu policier où les travailleurs sont fréquemment exposés à des événements traumatiques (ÉT). Les chercheurs postulent que les facteurs péri et post-traumatiques pourront mieux expliquer le développement de l’ÉSPT et l’adaptation aux ÉT vécus par le personnel exposé que les facteurs pré-traumatiques. Cette étude est originale, …

La Prise En Compte Des Situations De Travail Dans Les Projets De Conception : La Pratique Des Concepteurs Et Des Opérations Impliqués Dans Un Projet Conjoint Entre Un Donneur D’Ouvrage Et Une Firme De Génie Conseil, Fernande Lamonde, Jean-Guy Richard, Lyse Langlois, Julie Dallaire, Alain Vinet

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La recherche présentée dans ce rapport s’inscrit dans la lignée de celles qui, en ergonomie, soutiennent que concevoir des installations de production, c’est concevoir des situations de travail. Les opérateurs y travailleront dans de nouvelles conditions matérielles, d’espace, d’organisation du travail et de formation. Ils déploieront donc de nouvelles façons de faire, soit une nouvelle « activité réelle » de travail. De cette activité réelle future dépendra en grande partie l’atteinte des objectifs de production poursuivis par le projet (qualité, quantité, temps de cycle, gaspillages, etc.) mais également, les impacts sur les travailleurs (santé, sécurité, niveau satisfaction, etc.).

Le chapitre …

Développement D’Un Prototype De Siège Pour Opérateur De Métro Dans Un Contexte Où L’Espace Est Très Restreint, Sylvie Beaugrand, Pierre Marcotte, Christian Larue, Jérôme Boutin, Marie Bellemare

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude porte sur le développement d’un prototype de siège d’opérateur de métro permettant d’atténuer les vibrations et d’améliorer le confort, tout en convenant à l’espace très restreint de la loge de conduite. Le siège actuellement utilisé (strapontin) et conçu il y a une trentaine d’années, s’avère insatisfaisant : il est de confection rudimentaire et amplifie les vibrations. Cette étude fait suite à l’analyse ergonomique et vibratoire du poste d’opérateur de métro (Bellemare et coll., 2005, Beaugrand et coll., 2006; Beaugrand et coll. 2004; Boileau et coll., 2005).

La démarche de développement du prototype de siège repose sur la collaboration …

Examining The Impact Of California's Medical Marijuana Program On Public Health, John C. Lamb

CMC Senior Theses

The debate surrounding marijuana legalization has increased its popularity in recent years, as the state of California seriously considers the complete legalization of the substance for those ages 21 and over. This would make California the first government in recorded history to regulate the cultivation and sale of marijuana on a commercial level. Advocates back the economic positives concerning high tax revenues, but those opposed argue that the dangers associated with public health greatly outweigh any monetary gain. The present study attempts to reveal the possible public health concerns, even potential benefits, caused by marijuana use and its distribution. Specifically, …

Condiciones Higiénico-Sanitarias Como Factores De Riesgo Para Las Parasitosis Intestinales En Una Comunidad Rural Venezolana [Hygiene And Sanitation As Risk Factors For Intestinal Parasites In A Venezuelan Rural Community], Alejandro Rísquez, Marvic Márquez, Geraldine Del Carmen Quintero, Juan Pablo Ramírez, José Gregorio Requena, Andrea Daniela Riquelme, Maigualida José Rodríguez, Margaret Gissel Rodríguez, Nathalie Chacon

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Publications

Las parasitosis intestinales, enfermedades tropicales desasistidas, contribuyen con el ciclo de la pobreza en poblaciones rurales, con acceso limitado a la atención médica, malas condiciones higiénicas, con consumo de agua y alimentos contaminados. El propósito de este estudio de prevalencia, muestra no aleatoria de 69 niños, fue evaluar los factores de riesgo higiénico-sanitarios mediante inspección, las normas de disposición de residuos sólidos y manipulación de alimentos en la Unidad Educativa de Panaquire-Miranda, ejecutar encuesta sobre las condiciones de vida, examinar muestras de heces mediante el método Formol-Tritón-Éter y asociar las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de la vivienda con la presencia de parasitosis. …

Immigration And Obesity In African American Adults Residing In The United States, Julius N. Ade

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity increases risk for heart disease, hypertension and other chronic diseases, and it affects minority ethnic groups disproportionately. However, it is unknown if African American immigrant adults, an increasing segment of the population, are at higher risk for obesity than African American non-immigrant adults residing in the United States. This study examined the association of obesity and immigrant status by comparing African American immigrant adults now residing in the United States to the general population of African American adults. The socio-ecological model provided the conceptual framework for this study. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative self-administered web-based survey to collect …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Of African American Women Regarding Breast Cancer Screening, Lilian Uwuseba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer is one of the most widespread chronic diseases and a major cause of death among women in the United States. African American women have a higher incidence of breast cancer than their counterparts from other ethnic/racial groups. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey of 126 African American females from the western US metropolitan area was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with respect to breast cancer manifestation, detection services, and the role of mammography in breast cancer prevention and control. The health belief model guided this study. A 41-item, ethnically sensitive, self-administered, and gender-specific instrument, the Champion Revised …

Acceptance, Communication Mode And Use Of Audio Computer- Assisted Self Interview Using Touchscreen To Identify Risk Factors Among Pregnant Minority Women, Jutta S. Thornberry, Kennan B. Murray, M. Nabil El-Khorazaty, Michele Kiely

Publications and Research

This paper evaluates the acceptability, communication mode and use of audio computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI) among minority pregnant women receiving prenatal care in six Washington, DC sites. A total of 2,913 women were screened for demographic eligibility (18+ years old,gestation, Black/African-American or Hispanic) and risk (smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression, intimate partner violence). Questions were displayed on touch screen laptop monitors and heard through earphones. The mean length of time to complete the screener was almost 6 minutes.

A-CASI experience, which included difficulty in using the computer, acceptability (enjoyment), and preferred communication mode, was compared across sites, the eligibility and …

Evaluating And Regulating Lead In Artificial Turf, Gregory Van Ulirsch, Kevin Gleason, Shawn Gerstenberger, Deaphne B. Moffett, Glenn Pulliam, Tariq Ahmed, Jerald Fagliano

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: In 2007, a synthetic turf recreational field in Newark, New Jersey, was closed because lead was found in synthetic turf fibers and in surface dust at concentrations exceeding hazard criteria. Consequently, public health professionals across the country began testing synthetic turf to determine whether it represented a lead hazard. Currently, no standardized methods exist to test for lead in synthetic turf or to assess lead hazards.

Objectives: Our objectives were to increase awareness of potential lead exposure from synthetic turf by presenting data showing elevated lead in fibers and turf-derived dust; identify risk assessment uncertainties; recommend that federal and/or …

A Critical Analyses Of How The Hse’S Communications And Public Relations Department Responded To The Swine Flu Pandemic In The Southern Region Of Ireland., Suzanne Mccarthy

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how the HSE South handled the Swine Flu pandemic. This was largely focused on how the HSE communicated with their publics as well as how they carried out such a large public information campaign. It is also important to understand how the public felt about the management of this pandemic. This thesis was dependant on interviewing various individuals from relevant backgrounds. This included PR and communication personnel employed by the HSE, representative of the media and health care professionals who deal directly with different communities within the general public. The objectives of …

Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007, Andhra Pradesh, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report is the result of a sub-national study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi, as part of a project to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India, including those related to education, work force participation, sexual activity, marriage, health and civic participation; the magnitude and patterns of young people’s sexual and reproductive practices before, within and outside of marriage as well as related knowledge, decision-making and attitudes. The project was implemented in six states of India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu.

Données Démographiques Pour Développement Ii—De La Recherche À L'Intervention: Améliorer L'Accès Et L'Utilsation Des Données Par Les Médias, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This policy brief describes the Population Council’s project to improve access and use of demographic, health, and other public sector data that are essential evidence for development policy planning and evaluation. In many countries, access to data is limited and, when data are available, the format is rarely user-friendly for nonprofessionals, limiting their potential applications. In recent years, the Population Council has examined access to and sharing of data through case studies in Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda. In phase II of the project, the Council will strive to promote domestic demand for data by working with key intermediaries—the media.

Romance And Sex Before Marriage Among Young Women And Men In Andhra Pradesh, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This policy brief documents the extent of pre-marital romantic and sexual relations experienced by young men and women in Andhra Pradesh, India and the extent to which pre-marital sexual experiences among young people are informed, safe, and wanted. Findings clearly highlight that many young men and a small minority of young women in Andhra Pradesh had engaged in sex before marriage and that many of them had initiated sexual activities uninformed, had engaged in unsafe relations, and/or had experienced unwanted relations. Findings that relatively few youth had been exposed to family life or sex education emphasize the need for increased …

Assessing Abortion-Related Experiences And Needs In Four Districts Of Maharashtra And Rajasthan, 2006, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, A.J. Francis Zavier, Shveta Kalyanwala

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Recognizing the urgent need to enable rural women to acquire accessible and high-quality abortion services in India, a consortium of organizations—including the Population Council—has come together with the goal of increasing access to legal, safe, and comprehensive abortion services, including postabortion family planning, in the public health system, especially among the rural poor. One of its key activities was to develop a comprehensive and evidence-based abortion care model suitable for rural women. The aim of this report is to shed light on community-level perspectives about abortion services and probe the experiences of women who had undergone abortion, to better understand …

The Causes Of Educational Differences In Fertility In Sub-Saharan Africa, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This working paper presents an analytic framework that describes the chain of causation linking fertility to its multiple layers of determinants, then analyzes the causes of educational fertility differences in 30 sub-Saharan African countries using data from DHS surveys. The results demonstrate that education levels are positively associated with demand for and use of contraception and negatively associated with fertility and desired family size. In addition, there are differences by level of education in the relationships between indicators. As education rises, fertility is lower at a given level of contraceptive use, contraceptive use is higher at a given level of …

Kishor-Kishorider Jonno Ortho Sikkha: Shikkhok Shahayika [Financial Education For Adolescents: Teacher's Manual], Sigma Ainul, Marzina Khatun, Najneen Mahbooba

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

No abstract provided.

The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Ghana 2008, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Ghana 2008” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …

The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Nigeria 2008, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Nigeria 2008” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …

Transition To Marriage And Parenthood Among Youth In Andhra Pradesh, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This policy brief was produced in association with the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (IIPS). Data was drawn from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs study to examine key transitions, such as marriage and parenthood by young people in India. This brief is based on data obtained from the sample of married young men and women. Findings call for multipronged efforts to eliminate the practice of early marriage among young men and women, and support newly-wed young women.

Youth Participation In Civil Society And Political Life In Andhra Pradesh, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This policy brief documents the participation of youth in Andhra Pradesh, India in civil society, the extent to which they uphold secular attitudes, and their perceptions about and participation in political processes. Data drawn from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs study call for actions to promote youth participation, particularly the participation of young women, in civil society and political life. Special attention must be paid to developing community-level programs for young women, large proportions of whom had not participated in civil society. Findings that many youth are disillusioned with the commitment of political parties to work for change …

Health Consequences Of Violence Within Marriage: Need For Strengthening The Health Sector Response, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, K.G. Santhya, Rajib Acharya

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This policy brief provides a synthesis of available evidence of the magnitude of marital violence experienced by women, including married young women, in India, and the ways in which the experience of physical and sexual violence within marriage compromises health, with a focus on sexual, reproductive, and child health, as well as mental health. It argues for strengthening the health sector response to address the needs of women who have experienced marital violence. Findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen efforts to prevent the incidence of marital violence. Recommendations include: sscreening and referring women who experience marital violence, screening activities …

L'Adolescence Des Filles Au Burkina Faso: Une Clé De Voûte Pour Le Changement Social, Martha Brady, Lydia Saloucou, Erica Chong

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Although a number of innovative programs have been created to meet their needs, Burkinabé adolescent girls continue to face many threats to their well-being. They still need considerable support and opportunities to improve their social and economic status and health status. This report, using a number of data sources, including Population Council studies and programs, and the Demographic and Health Survey of Burkina Faso, aims to provide a general overview of these young girls’ adolescence—the realities of life and the policy and program initiatives designed for them. The Population Council hopes that this report will make a significant contribution to …

Poverty, Marriage Timing, And Transitions To Adulthood In Nepal: A Longitudinal Analysis Using The Nepal Living Standards Survey, Ashish Bajracharya, Sajeda Amin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This working paper examines the influence of household poverty experienced during early childhood on early marriage and outcomes in schooling and workforce participation during adolescence for girls in Nepal. Much of the evidence concerning these relationships is drawn from cross-sectional data that cannot be used, and has not been able, to address causality. This Population Council study uses longitudinal data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS), a two-wave panel in which the waves were conducted eight years apart to address these questions. Analyzing the data by household-wealth quintiles reveals surprisingly nonlinear results indicating that these associations are largest for …

Life Skills: Psychosocial And Interpersonal Skills For Adolescent Girls In Urban Ghana—Mentor's Guide, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

School dropout is common among urban adolescent girls in Ghana, leading to increased social isolation and high rates of teenage pregnancy. The curriculum described in this mentor’s guide is one component of the Population Council’s “Safe Spaces” asset-building program for vulnerable adolescent girls in urban Ghana. The curriculum consists of 20 Life Skills sessions, which each take 90 minutes to complete. The program approach used is based on giving girls a safe, girls-only space where they can meet friends and learn about important topics under the guidance of a female mentor. The number of sessions completed per week or per …

Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007—Executive Summary, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This executive summary presents, in brief, findings from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs study, a subnational study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India, including those related to education, workforce participation, sexual activity, marriage, health, and civic participation. The magnitude and patterns of young people’s sexual and reproductive practices before, within, and outside of marriage, as well as related knowledge, decisionmaking, and attitudes, is also assessed. The project was implemented in six states of India, namely, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, …

Kishor-Kishorider Jonno Ortho Sikkha: Dishari Shohayika [Financial Education For Adolescents: Mentor's Manual], Sigma Ainul, Marzina Khatun, Najneen Mahbooba

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

No abstract provided.

The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Kenya 2008–09, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Kenya 2008–09” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …