Digital Commons Network^™

Circadian Rhythm Of Cortisol And Neighborhood Characteristics In A Population-Based Sample: The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, D. Phuong Do, Ana V. Diez Roux, Anjum Hajat, Amy Auchincloss, Sharon Merkin, Nalini Ranjit, Steven Shea, Teresa Seeman

Faculty Publications

Although stress is often hypothesized to contribute to the effects of neighborhoods on health, very few studies have investigated associations of neighborhood characteristics with stress biomarkers. This study helps address the gap in the literature by examining whether neighborhood characteristics are associated with cortisol profiles. Analyses were based on data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress study which collected multiple measures of salivary cortisol over three days on a population based sample of approximately 800 adults. Multilevel models with splines were used to examine associations of cortisol with neighborhood poverty, violence, disorder, and social cohesion. Neighborhood violence was significantly …

The Impact Of Bisphenol A And Triclosan On Immune Parameters In The U.S. Population, Nhanes 2003–2006, Erin M. Rees Clayton, Megan Todd, Jennifer B. Dowd, Allison E. Aiello

Publications and Research

Background: Exposure to environmental toxicants is associated with numerous disease outcomes, many of which involve underlying immune and inflammatory dysfunction.

Objectives: To address the gap between environmental exposures and immune dysfunction, we investigated the association of two endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with markers of immune function.

Methods: Using data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we compared urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan levels with serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody levels and diagnosis of allergies or hay fever in U.S. adults and children ≥ 6 years of age. We used multivariate ordinary least squares linear regression models to examine …

Providing Better Care At Lower Cost: Building Maine's Health Data Infrastructure To Support Financing And Delivery System Reform, Andrew F. Coburn Phd

Health System Reform

Maine needs a robust and functional health data infrastructure to support efforts by health care providers and purchasers to improve quality, address Maine’s health care cost problems, and improve the health of individuals and populations through payment and delivery system reform. Although Maine has been a leader in building and using health data systems such as the hospital discharge data set and the all-payer claims database, new performance-based financing and delivery system arrangements are highlighting shortcomings in these systems and the need for a renewed vision of Maine’s future health data infrastructure.

The Health Data Workgroup was created by The …

Organs Watch: Possibilities And Perils For Public Anthropology, Roberto Abadie

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Recent technological advances in biomedicine have introduced new therapeutic possibilities but have also contributed to the emergence of a global market for human bodies and body parts. For example, artificial modes of human reproduction created a market for eggs, semen, and surrogate wombs. In addition, organ transfer generated a demand for kidneys and half livers. The whole body has become a valuable commodity as professional research subjects venture into the economy of Phase I Clinical Trials, testing drug safety for pharmaceutical companies. In the process, the trade has become a deeply unequal one in which poor, vulnerable, and easily exploited …

Validation Of The Actical Activity Monitor In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Steven P. Hooker, Anna Feeney, Brent E. Hutto, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Kerry Mciver, Daniel P. Heil, John E. Vena, Michael J. Lamonte, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study was designed to validate the Actical activity monitor in middle-aged and older adults of varying body composition to develop accelerometer thresholds to distinguish between light and moderate intensity physical activity (PA).

Methods: Nonobese 45 to 64 yr (N = 29), obese 45 to 64 yr (N = 21), and ≥65 yr (N = 23; varying body composition) participants completed laboratory-based sitting, household, and locomotive activities while wearing an Actical monitor and a portable metabolic measurement system. Non-linear regression analysis was used to identify activity count (AC) cut-points to differentiate between light intensity (<3 METs) and moderate intensity (≥3 METs) PA.

Results: Using group-specific algorithms, …

A Geographic Information Assessment Of Exposure To A Toxic Waste Site And Development Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Sle): Findings From The Buffalo Lupus Project, Edith M. Williams, Robert Watkins, Judith Anderson, Laurene Tumiel-Berhalter

Faculty Publications

The Buffalo Lupus Project was a community-based participatory research partnership formed to address the relationship between an identified hazardous waste site and high rates of lupus and other autoimmune diseases in the surrounding community. Most cases identified began experiencing symptoms and were diagnosed in the periods when the site was inactive. Trends suggest that the impact of the site was more likely due to chronic exposure to waste rather than it being an acute trigger.

Maternal Health Behaviours During Pregnancy In An Irish Obstetric Population And Their Assocations With Socio-Demographic And Infant Characteristics, Roslyn Tarrant, Katherine Younger, Margaret Sheridan-Pereira, John Kearney

Articles

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and combined occurrence of peri-conceptional folic acid (FA) supplement use, smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy in a sample of women in Dublin, and determine the factors associated with these health behaviours.

Subjects/Methods: A prospective observational study (2004-2006) involving the recruitment of 491 pregnant women from antenatal clinics in a Dublin maternity hospital, with postpartum follow-up of 450 eligible mothers. Data on FA use, maternal smoking and alcohol consumption patterns during pregnancy were collected from the antenatal patient-administered questionnaire, which was completed by participants, and returned to the investigator on the day of recruitment. …

Lifeskills Training Wellness Program: An Application For Young Adults In Supermarkets, Christopher Williams, Jessica Samuolis, Kenneth W. Griffin, Gilbert J. Botvin

Psychology Faculty Publications

To address the need for workplace substance use prevention programming, National Health Promotion Associates (NHPA) developed the LifeSkills Training Wellness Program (LST-WP) with funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA’s) Young Adults in the Workplace (YIW) grant program. LST-WP adapts and extends the highly effective, school-based LifeSkills Training (LST) model program (Botvin, 1998; Botvin et al., 1995) and provides comprehensive skills training for adolescent and young adult employees in communication, problem-solving, conflict resolution, drug resistance, and related life skills. Overall, the program is designed to be highly flexible to meet employee and manager needs across different …

Do Physical Activity Facilities Near Schools Affect Physical Activity In High School Girls?, Jennifer L. Trilk, Dianne S. Ward, Marsha Dowda, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Dwayne E. Porter, James Hibbert, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Objective - To investigate associations between the number of physical activity facilities within walking distance of school and physical activity behavior in 12^th grade girls during after-school hours.

Methods - Girls (N=1394) from 22 schools completed a self-report to determine physical activity after 3:00 pm. The number of physical activity facilities within a 0.75-mile buffer of the school was counted with a Geographic Information System. Associations between the number of facilities and girls' physical activity were examined using linear mixed-model analysis of variance.

Results - Overall, girls who attended schools with ≥ 5 facilities within the buffer reported more …

The Effects Of Consumption Of California Dried Mission Figs On Serum Lipid Concentrations In Hyperlipidemic Adults, Joycelyn M. Peterson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: The National Cholesterol Education Program and American Heart Association have recommended the use of functional or cholesterol-reducing foods, some categories of which include viscous or soluble fibers, soy protein, plant sterols, and nuts, as aids to reduce serum cholesterol concentrations. Figs are a rich source of viscous fiber and antioxidants. Fig consumption has not been studied in regard to effects in reducing serum lipid concentrations. In previous pilot data, increasing fig consumption for six weeks among volunteers was found to be feasible.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the consumption of California dried mission figs on serum lipid …

Prevalence Of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 And 2 In A Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic In Miami, Maya Morrison-Bryant, Maria Alcaide, Khaled Deeb, Jose G. Castro

Florida Public Health Review

The Prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among STD clinics in Miami is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate infection rates of HSV 1 and 2, and to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, sexual orientation and co-infection with HIV and other STIs, in individuals attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic in Miami. A cross-sectional study of 663 patients tested for HSV type-specific serology or herpes culture during the year 2007 was performed. An overall infection rate of HSV-1 was 42.1% and 36.7% for HSV-2. Statistically higher infection rates for HSV-1and 2 were seen among Hispanics (56.7%, 54.4%) …

Consumption Of Single Cigarettes And Quitting Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Mexican Smokers, James F. Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores, Richard J. O'Connor

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior.

Methods: We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico.

Results: At baseline, 30% of smokers saw single cigarettes for sale on a daily basis, 17% bought singles at their last purchase, and 7% bought singles daily. Smokers who most frequently purchased singles, both in general and specifically to control their …

Consumption Of Single Cigarettes And Quitting Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Mexican Smokers, Jim Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores, Richard O'Connor

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior.

Methods: We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico.

Results: At baseline, 30% of smokers saw single cigarettes for sale on a daily basis, 17% bought singles at their last purchase, and 7% bought singles daily. Smokers who most frequently purchased singles, both in general and specifically to control their …

Consumption Of Single Cigarettes And Quitting Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Mexican Smokers, Jim Thrasher, Victor Villalobos, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Sansores, Richard O’Connor

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior.

Methods: We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey in Mexico.

Results: At baseline, 30% of smokers saw single cigarettes for sale on a daily basis, 17% bought singles at their last purchase, and 7% bought singles daily. Smokers who most frequently purchased singles, both in general and specifically to control their …

Pendapat Pembaca Awam Terhadap Buku “Air Susu Ibu: Dari Ayah Untuk Ibu Dan Bayi”, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Andi Mariyasari Septiari, Suci Destriatania

Kesmas

Kendati ayah diketahui berperan sebagai pendukung praktik pemberian air susu ibu (ASI), akses ayah terhadap informasi mengenai praktik pemberian ASI yang benar sangat minim. Buku dapat menjadi salah satu saluran informasi yang potensial. Studi pendahuluan ini bertujuan untuk menggali pendapat para pembaca sukarelawan laki-laki dan perempuan mengenai isi dan manfaat sebuah buku tentang ASI dan peran ayah. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sukarelawan dipilih sebagai informan secara purposif berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, paritas, dan tingkat kegemaran membaca buku. Analisis isi (content analysis) dilakukan terhadap hasil wawancara dengan menggunakan matriks perbandingan (comparative matrix). Sebagai temuan studi ini, …

Repellency Test Of Wet Tissue Containing Deet (N,N-Diethyl- 3-Metatoluamide) And Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon Citratus) Againts Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes, Tri Baskoro T. Satoto, Budi Mulyaningsih, M.M. Sintorini, A.F. Sugiarto, B. A Kesuma

Kesmas

Demam berdarah merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan di Indonesia. Karena penyakit ini disebarkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti, berbagai cara telah dilakukan untuk memutus rantai pejamu, agen, dan lingkungan, termasuk mencegah kontak manusia dengan vektor dengan menggunakan bermacam-macam pengusir serangga. Uji ini membandingkan waktu proteksi N,N-diethyl-3-metatoluamide (DEET) dengan waktu proteksi minyak sitronella yang terkandungkan dalam tisu basah terhadap Aedes aegypti. Untuk uji ini, dibuat larutan 12,5% DEET dalam etanol dan larutan 20% minyak sitronella. Sejumlah tisu kering dicelupkan ke dalam masing-masing larutan ini, ditiriskan dalam udara terbuka, kemudian dibungkus dengan lembaran aluminium dan disimpan selama satu hari dan satu minggu. …

Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Pemerintah Dan Swasta Di Kabupaten Sleman, Anita Sulistyorini, Purwanta Purwanta

Kesmas

Di Sleman, masyarakat yang memanfaatkan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan swasta (52%) lebih tinggi daripada yang memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan pemerintah (37,6%). Fenomena ini diduga berhubungan dengan kebijakan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pemerintah dan swasta oleh keluarga di Kabupaten Sleman serta berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dengan rancangan studi cross sectional ini dilakukan di 13 kecamatan terpilih di Kabupaten Sleman. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster sampling dua tahap menghasilkan jumlah sampel penelitian 240 responden dari 30 cluster. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang sebelumnya telah disiapkan. Metoda uji chi-square digunakan untuk melihat hubungan …

Kebutaan Pada Pasien Glaukoma Primer Di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, Fetty Ismandari, Helda Helda

Kesmas

Glaukoma adalah penyebab kebutaan permanen nomor dua di Indonesia yang sering tidak disadari oleh penderita. Proporsi pasien baru glaukoma yang datang ke RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam kondisi buta cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 420 pasien glaukoma primer yang berkunjung di poliklinik penyakit mata RSCM pada Januari 2007-Oktober 2009 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Cox’s Proportional Hazard Model untuk mendapatkan nilai prevalence ratio (PR). Penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kebutaan akibat glaukoma primer tekanan intraokular (PR = 1,01; 95% …

Who Are The Health Center Patients Who Risk Losing Care Under The House Of Representatives' Proposed Fy 2011 Spending Reductions?, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Peter Shin, Leighton C. Ku

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

On February 20, 2011, the United States House of Representatives approved more than $61 billion in discretionary spending reductions for the remainder of FY 2011. The legislation includes $1.3 billion in direct spending cuts for community health centers. Using the NACHC patient estimates, we present evidence on the characteristics of patients whose continuing access to health center services is at risk. We arrived at these estimates using data from the Uniform Data System (UDS), the federal reporting system in which all health centers must participate, as well as national estimates from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), and published reports …

Who Are The Health Center Pati Ents Who Risk Losing Care Under The House Of Representatives’ Pr Oposed Fy 2011 Spending Reductions?, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Peter Shin, Leighton C. Ku

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

No abstract provided.

An Update On Red Light Camera Research: The Need For Federal Standards In The Interest Of Public Safety, Barbara Langland-Orban, John T. Large, Etienne E. Pracht

Florida Public Health Review

Since publishing our critique of red light camera (RLC) studies in 2008, we have gained increased insights on the controversy over RLCs. Herein we provide additional information on RLCs, and use a question-and-answer format to address frequently asked questions. This update includes the rationale given for ignoring fatalities at RLC sites, the convergence in findings from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's compendium of best RLC studies, common violations of research methods in RLC evaluations, the RLC cost-to-benefit implications for motorists, an explanation for the increase in rear-end crashes at RLC sites, and why RLCs may be ineffective in reducing …

Decreasing Unwanted Pregnancies By Increasing Use Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (Ecps): A Leadership Approach, Kara Mcginnis

Florida Public Health Review

Unwanted pregnancies burden the U.S. healthcare system, as well as create challenges for women, families, and children. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) can prevent a large percentage of unwanted pregnancies if used appropriately. Factors contributing to non-use of ECPs include the negative social environment created by views on sexual health, misunderstanding concerning the mechanism ofaction, women’s misperceptions oftheir risks ofgetting pregnant and how ECPs work, barriers to obtaining ECPs, and lack of counseling about ECPs from healthcare providers. Leadership is needed to address these factors contributing to the problem. Health educators are in a unique position to lead the field in …

Detecting Hospital Quality With Pridit., Robert D. Lieberthal, Phd

College of Population Health Lectures, Presentations, Workshops

Presented for the Temple University, Fox School of Business Department of Risk, Insurance & Healthcare Management. Robert A. Hedges Research Seminar Series, Philadelphia, PA.

25 PowerPoint slides

Associated papers available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00821.x/abstract

and the 2008 Proceedings of the Joint Statistical Meeting.

Effet Des Contaminants Sur La Résistance Mécanique Des Gants De Protection : Analyse Préliminaire, Patricia Dolez, Toan Vu-Khanh, Chantal Gauvin, Jaime Lara

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans de nombreux milieux de travail, comme par exemple l'usinage du métal, la mécanique automobile et la transformation alimentaire, la présence de risques mécaniques se produit souvent de manière simultanée avec celle de divers contaminants industriels, en particulier des huiles et des graisses. Ces composés peuvent éventuellement affecter la résistance des gants aux agresseurs mécaniques. Par ailleurs, certains modèles de gants peuvent subir des traitements de nettoyage afin de prolonger leur durée d'utilisation. Or, ceux-ci peuvent éventuellement provoquer une modification de leurs propriétés.

Cette étude avait pour objectif d'analyser de manière exploratoire trois aspects relatifs à l'effet des conditions réelles …

Étude De La Transmission Sonore À Travers Les Protecteurs Auditifs Et Application D’Une Méthode Pour Évaluer Leur Efficacité En Milieu De Travail. Partie 2 : Étude Préliminaire D’Une Modélisation Par Éléments Finis, Franck Sgard, Hugues Nélisse, Marc-André Gaudreau, Jérôme Boutin, Jérémie Voix, Frédéric Laville

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le projet « Étude de la transmission sonore à travers les protecteurs auditifs et application d'une méthode pour évaluer leur efficacité effective en milieu de travail » comptait principalement deux parties : i) une étude terrain portant sur la mesure de l'efficacité effective des protecteurs auditifs en milieu de travail; ii) une étude exploratoire visant à examiner le potentiel de la modélisation par éléments finis à traiter le problème de la transmission sonore à travers les protecteurs auditifs. Compte tenu de l'ampleur des travaux effectués et de la quantité d'information à présenter, un rapport formé de deux documents distincts est …

Perceptions Of Anti-Smoking Messages Amongst High School Students In Pakistan, Syed M. A. Zaidi, Abdul L. Bikak, Ayesha Shaheryar, Syed H. Imam, Javaid A. Khan

Department of Medicine

Background: Surveys have provided evidence that tobacco use is widely prevalent amongst the youth in Pakistan. Several reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of various tobacco control programs, however, few have taken into account the perceptions of students themselves regarding these measures. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective anti-smoking messages that can be delivered to high-school students in Pakistan, based on their self-rated perceptions. It also aimed to assess the impact of pictorial/multi-media messages compared with written health warnings and to discover differences in perceptions of smokers to those of non-smokers to health warning messages. Methods: …

Seropositivity To Cytomegalovirus, Inflammation, All-Cause And Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality In The United States, Amanda M. Simanek, Jennifer Beam Dowd, Graham Pawelec, David Melzer, Ambarish Dutta, Allison E. Aiello

Publications and Research

Background: Studies have suggested that CMV infection may influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. However, there have been no large-scale examinations of these relationships among demographically diverse populations. The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is also linked with CVD outcomes and mortality and may play an important role in the pathway between CMV and mortality. We utilized a U.S. nationally representative study to examine whether CMV infection is associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality. We also assessed whether CRP level mediated or modified these relationships.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Data come from subjects $25 years of age who were tested for …

Évaluation Des Vibrations Et Du Bruit Des Équipements Miniers, Pierre Marcotte, Sylvain Ouellette, Jérôme Boutin, Gilles Leblanc

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce projet visait à identifier les différentes sources vibratoires et sonores parmi une gamme d'équipements miniers pouvant potentiellement avoir un effet néfaste sur la santé des travailleurs. Dans un premier temps, un questionnaire a été distribué à 12 mines souterraines afin de dresser un inventaire des équipements miniers souterrains. De ce nombre, 8 mines ont répondu. Un comité technique a ensuite établi une liste de catégories d'équipement à évaluer en utilisant une grille de décision tenant compte de la sévérité des vibrations, du nombre de travailleurs exposés, de la durée moyenne de l'exposition ainsi que des données disponibles dans la …

Bruit Dans Cinq Piscines Intérieures : Mesures Des Niveaux Ambiants Et De L’Exposition Sonore, Marc-André Gaudreau, Franck Sgard, Hugues Nélisse, Jérôme Boutin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le niveau de bruit ambiant des piscines intérieures peut être très élevé notamment lors de la présence de jeunes enfants. Si ce bruit est déplaisant pour les usagers, il peut devenir une problématique pour la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs, qu'ils soient surveillants, moniteurs ou entraîneurs.

Le travail en milieu bruyant soulève toujours le risque de perte d'audition. Mais les piscines intérieures sont des lieux où la communication est primordiale, que ce soit pour l'enseignement, pour la diffusion de consignes de sécurité, mais aussi, entre autre, pour la communication entre surveillants en cas d'accident.

La présente activité a pour …

Beta-Blocker Initiation And Adherence After Hospitalization For Acute Myocardial Infarction., Vittorio Maio, Pharmd, Ms, Msph, Massimiliano Marino, Phd, Mary Robeson, Md, Joshua J Gagne, Pharmd, Ms

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Aims: We sought to: (1) estimate the proportion of patients who initiated beta-blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Regione Emilia-Romagna (RER); (2) examine predictors of post-AMI beta-blocker initiation; and (3) assess adherence to such therapy.

Methods and Results: Using healthcare claims data covering all of RER, we identified a cohort of 24,367 patients with a hospitalization for AMI between 2004 and 2007, who were discharged from the hospital alive and without contraindications to beta-blocker therapy. We estimated the proportion of eligible patients with at least one prescription for a beta-blocker following discharge and performed a multivariable logistic regression …